Vitamin D plays a role in the process of melanogenesis, namely increasing L-Dopa cells, inducing differentiation of immature melanocytes, and increasing melanocyte activity. The use of vitamin D in dermatology is in the treatment of... more
Vitamin D plays a role in the process of melanogenesis, namely increasing L-Dopa cells, inducing differentiation of immature melanocytes, and increasing melanocyte activity. The use of vitamin D in dermatology is in the treatment of vitiligo, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, verruca vulgaris, and alopecia. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin in the form of depigmentation due to the destruction of melanocytes by T cells. The clinical manifestations of vitiligo are white macular lesions and no scale, asymptomatic, and symmetrical. Vitiligo can affect the patient's quality of life, so accurate therapy is needed. Standard therapy in vitiligo needs further research to find accurate therapy with minimal side effects. Topical vitamin D is a vitiligo therapy with minimal side effects. Several types of topical vitamin D with therapeutic effects in the field of dermatology are calcipotriol, calcitriol, tacalcitol, maxacalcitol, and hexafluoro-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 with ...
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Background. Syphilis management is based on the syphilis stage classification. The main treatment for syphilis is currently benzathine penicillin. However, patients allergic to penicillin antibiotics or who are not willing to be injected... more
Background. Syphilis management is based on the syphilis stage classification. The main treatment for syphilis is currently benzathine penicillin. However, patients allergic to penicillin antibiotics or who are not willing to be injected can be given doxycycline or erythromycin antibiotics. Case presentation. We present a case of a female with latent syphilis. Patient was previously treated with oral antibiotics, such as doxycycline for 30 days and followed by azithromycin for 30 consecutive days. Clinical laboratory examinations show increase of TPHA and VDRL, and the case was considered as unresponsive case. Later, the patients received benzathine penicillin G for three weeks and showed clinical improvement. Conclusion. For patient who refuse to be treated with penicillin injection, the alternative treatments are oral antibiotics. However, there is a reduced number of successful treatments for patients treated with oral antibiotics.
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Genital herpes is a recurrent, lifelong sexual transmitted infection caused by HSV, especially type 2. Genital herpes is the most common infection in HIV patient. HSV-2 can increase the risk of HIV acquisition 2 to 3 times. Clinical... more
Genital herpes is a recurrent, lifelong sexual transmitted infection caused by HSV, especially type 2. Genital herpes is the most common infection in HIV patient. HSV-2 can increase the risk of HIV acquisition 2 to 3 times. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes can be different between HIV- infected and non-HIV patients. HIV-infected patients have a high risk of developing chronic and severe genital ulcers with atypical manifestation, prolonged healing, and resistant to treatment, depends on CD4 count. Genital herpes can be diagnosed based on history, clinical manifestation, laboratory and histopathologic examination. Management of genital herpes includes education and counseling patients and sexual partners, systemic antiviral, and symptomatic treatment.
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Granuloma ingunale (GI) or donovanosis is a genital ulcer disease caused by theCalymmatobacterium granulomatis. It is a Gram-negative, facultative, obligateintracellular and pleomorphic bacterium. This bacterium has phylogeneticallyclosed... more
Granuloma ingunale (GI) or donovanosis is a genital ulcer disease caused by theCalymmatobacterium granulomatis. It is a Gram-negative, facultative, obligateintracellular and pleomorphic bacterium. This bacterium has phylogeneticallyclosed to and placed within the Klebsiella genus. Clinically, the disease is com-monly characterized as painless, slowly progressive ulcerative lesions on thegenitals or perineum without regional lymphadenopathy. The lesions are highlyvascular and bleed easily on contact Extragenital lesions may occur but are rareand more common in newborns from mothers with GI genital lesions. Thisdisease is often neglected, therefore it is often misdiagnosed and inaccuratetherapy. Treatment time is 3 weeks or until clinical cure has been achieved forall proposed regimens. It often occurs both in men and women of reproductiveage (20-40 years). This article consists of several theoretical references that havebeen viewed to have a better understanding of GI.
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Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with... more
Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with pruritus may lead to discomfort and negative psychological effect. The ethiopathogenesis still unknown, Most of treatments are empirical, and there is no effective and safe therapy. Emollient has not been effective enough to improve quality of life. There is some report about efficacy of topical vitamin D in xerosis and chronic pruritus. Objective: We evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment for uremic xerosis and uremic pruritus in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material & methode: Sixty two patients with UXP were enrolled, randomized double blind study. Patients were divided to two group, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group or placebo. In baseline, patients were instructed to apply twice daily for four weeks. ...
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The most frequently reported complaints in the urogenital organ system is leukorrhea, also known as fluor albus. Leukorrhea is a discharge secreted from the genital organs, mostly occur in female. Leukorrhea has a significant incidence... more
The most frequently reported complaints in the urogenital organ system is leukorrhea, also known as fluor albus. Leukorrhea is a discharge secreted from the genital organs, mostly occur in female. Leukorrhea has a significant incidence rate and varies according to many factors such as hormone and infection. Leukorrhea can be physiological in female, but when excess discharge is accompanied by other characteristics, the leukorrhea is considered pathological. This genital discharge also occurs in male for pathological reasons, mainly caused by infection. Several pathogenic infections, whether transmitted through secual contact or not, are the etiology of complaints of leukorrhea. Some specific pathogens will cause different symptoms in the two sex groups. To make a diagnosis, it is important for the examiner to carry out a detailed and coherent history, especially regarding sexual contact and a history of risky sexual behavior. Although some infections are asymptomatic, complications ...
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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum (T. Palladium). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, decreased the number of CD4 cells that makes... more
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum (T. Palladium). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, decreased the number of CD4 cells that makes the immune system decrease, and facilitates syphilis infection. Syphilis increased the risk of spreading HIV infection with skin barrier destruction. The diagnosis of syphilis is made based on a complete history, including sexual history, clinical manifestations, and examination. The treatment of syphilis with HIV and without HIV similar, penicillin is still the gold standard for syphilis treatment with HIV. Prevention of syphilis with HIV are educated, screening for syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections, as well as early detection and therapy of partners. The prognosis for syphilis in HIV is worse than for syphilis without HIV.
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Background: Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA) is a large form of condyloma acuminatum that become locally invasive, destructive, but non-metastasizing, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Giant condyloma is a rare disease, with only 0.1%... more
Background: Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA) is a large form of condyloma acuminatum that become locally invasive, destructive, but non-metastasizing, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Giant condyloma is a rare disease, with only 0.1% incidence in the general population. Most commonly caused by HPV type 6 and 11 infections, in this case, reported HPV high-risk type. Case presentation: A 20-years-old man, the main complaint is enlarging, easy bleeding perianal tumor with pruritus and constipation for 2 months. Physical examination found skin-colored, verrucous surface. Some have smooth surface, cauliflower-like tumor on perianal region, size 7x4x2cm. Syphilis and HIV Serology laboratory tests are non-reactive. Koilocytes appear on histopathologic examination. High-risk HPV type detected on HPV genotyping. This patient was diagnosed as GCA. Topical agent 25% podophyllin tincture applied to the lesions once a week. Improvement appears after eighth-time therapy. Discussion: High-ris...
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Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles, zoster) is a disease due to reactivation and multiplication of persistent varicella zoster virus (VVZ) after suffering from previous varicella with characteristics of dermatomal rashes, pain, and unilateral.... more
Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles, zoster) is a disease due to reactivation and multiplication of persistent varicella zoster virus (VVZ) after suffering from previous varicella with characteristics of dermatomal rashes, pain, and unilateral. Dermatoms most often involved in HZ lesions are thoracal, trigeminal, lumbal, and cervical. The first lesion is usually erythematous macule or papule, which then turns into vesicle, then to pustule and to become crust, and persists for 2-3 weeks. The main goal of antiviral therapy in HZ patients is to reduce the expansion, duration, and severity of rashes and pain in primary dermatomes; prevent the spread of HZ to other places; and prevent post-herpes neuralgia. One of the prevention strategies for HZ in the elderly and high-risk individuals is vaccination using the varicella zoster virus vaccine that is live zoster vaccine or recombinant zoster vaccine.
Sifilis adalah penyakit infeksi menular seksual disebabkan bakteri Treponema pallidumdapat ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, transfusi darah, dan vertikal dari ibu ke janin. Jika perempuan hamil menderita sifilis dapat terjadi infeksi... more
Sifilis adalah penyakit infeksi menular seksual disebabkan bakteri Treponema pallidumdapat ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, transfusi darah, dan vertikal dari ibu ke janin. Jika perempuan hamil menderita sifilis dapat terjadi infeksi transplasenta ke janin sehingga menyebabkan keguguran, lahir prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, lahir mati, atau sifilis kongenital. Diagnosis sifilis pada kehamilan ditegakkan berdasaranamnesis,manifestasi klinis, pemeriksaanlaboratorik, danserologik. Skrining pada trimester pertama dengan tes non-treponema seperti rapid plasma reagin(RPR) atau venereal disease research laboratory(VDRL) kombinasi dengan tes treponema seperti treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay(TPHA) merupakan hal penting pada setiap perempuan hamil. Manifestasi klinis sifilis ke janin bergantung pada usia kehamilan dan stadium sifilis maternal serta respons imun janin. Deteksi dini dan terapi adekuat penting untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi sifilis dari ibu ke janin.
Background: Melasma is a common acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation, characterized classically by the presence of symmetrical, light-to-dark, muddy-brown macules with borders on the face, especially the forehead, cheeks, upper lip,... more
Background: Melasma is a common acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation, characterized classically by the presence of symmetrical, light-to-dark, muddy-brown macules with borders on the face, especially the forehead, cheeks, upper lip, chin, and nose. Knowledge of an increase in free radicals and decreased antioxidants in patients with melasma led to the belief that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of melasma. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that can be used as a parameter to assess the antioxidant-free radical activity in the pathogenesis of melasma. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the correlation between erythrocyte glutathione levels and the severity of melasma. Methods: A case series study was done from May to July 2018 in the Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. Thirty female patients met the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the erythrocyte glutathione level, and ...