Previous investigations of altered occltsal relationships have concentrated on the effects on the... more Previous investigations of altered occltsal relationships have concentrated on the effects on the periodontal structures and the temporomandibular joints while the inse-t ion areas of the muscles of mastication have received little, if any, attention during anterior and lateral displacement of the mandible. Ramfjotcl and Iliniker (J Prosthet Dent, 1966) have shown that the temporomandibular joints in adult rhesus monkeys were very resistant to dysfunctional changes resulting from faulty occltsion. In fact, distal displacement of the mandible in these monkeys did not result in degenerative changes of the temporomandibular joint structttres. SImilarly, anterior displacement of the mandible di(l not show any changes in the temporomandihular joints, wheseas there was evidence of severe trauma and adaptive changes in the periodontiurm of the teeth in the latter experimental animals. Folke and Stallard (J Periodont Res, 1966) have shown that in rats a distal displacementt of the mandible resulted in tension at the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle giving rise to a compensatory apposition of bone. In this study, protrucsive mandibutlar movements were accomplished luring jaw closure by means of cast silver clowns on the mandibular incisor teeth of eight Sprague-Dawley rats. The incisal edges were reduced 3 to 4 mm before a permelastic impression of the teeth and the crowns were cast with an inclined plane on the lingual aspect to ensure anterior and lateral mandibular displacement. After cementation, the crowns were wired intercoronally and remained so for a twoand four-week experi-
Abstract. A new instrument, the Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species IV (ACATS-IV... more Abstract. A new instrument, the Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species IV (ACATS-IV), for measuring long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is described. Using an advanced approach to gas chromatography and electron capture ...
A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental... more A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework towards a dense, robust, and sustained system in all components: anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the (diverse) carbon observations. We identify the current state of carbon observations, and the needs and notional requirements for a global integrated carbon observation system that can be built in the next decade. A key conclusion is the substantial expansion of the groun...
Previous investigations of altered occltsal relationships have concentrated on the effects on the... more Previous investigations of altered occltsal relationships have concentrated on the effects on the periodontal structures and the temporomandibular joints while the inse-t ion areas of the muscles of mastication have received little, if any, attention during anterior and lateral displacement of the mandible. Ramfjotcl and Iliniker (J Prosthet Dent, 1966) have shown that the temporomandibular joints in adult rhesus monkeys were very resistant to dysfunctional changes resulting from faulty occltsion. In fact, distal displacement of the mandible in these monkeys did not result in degenerative changes of the temporomandibular joint structttres. SImilarly, anterior displacement of the mandible di(l not show any changes in the temporomandihular joints, wheseas there was evidence of severe trauma and adaptive changes in the periodontiurm of the teeth in the latter experimental animals. Folke and Stallard (J Periodont Res, 1966) have shown that in rats a distal displacementt of the mandible resulted in tension at the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle giving rise to a compensatory apposition of bone. In this study, protrucsive mandibutlar movements were accomplished luring jaw closure by means of cast silver clowns on the mandibular incisor teeth of eight Sprague-Dawley rats. The incisal edges were reduced 3 to 4 mm before a permelastic impression of the teeth and the crowns were cast with an inclined plane on the lingual aspect to ensure anterior and lateral mandibular displacement. After cementation, the crowns were wired intercoronally and remained so for a twoand four-week experi-
Abstract. A new instrument, the Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species IV (ACATS-IV... more Abstract. A new instrument, the Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species IV (ACATS-IV), for measuring long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is described. Using an advanced approach to gas chromatography and electron capture ...
A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental... more A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework towards a dense, robust, and sustained system in all components: anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the (diverse) carbon observations. We identify the current state of carbon observations, and the needs and notional requirements for a global integrated carbon observation system that can be built in the next decade. A key conclusion is the substantial expansion of the groun...
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