Social neuroscience is the study of the associations between social and neural levels of organiza... more Social neuroscience is the study of the associations between social and neural levels of organization and the biological mechanisms underlying these associations. Neuroscientists have tended to focus on single organisms, organs, cells, or intracellular processes. Social species create emergent organizations beyond the individual. These emergent structures evolved hand in hand with neural and hormonal mechanisms to support them because the consequent social behaviors helped animals survive, reproduce, and care for offspring ...
The authors introduce the evaluative space grid (ESG), a two-dimensional grid that provides a sin... more The authors introduce the evaluative space grid (ESG), a two-dimensional grid that provides a single-item measure of positivity and negativity. In Study 1, ESG ratings of gamble outcomes were highly correlated with those obtained from conventional, less-efficient, unipolar measures, thus providing evidence for the grid’s convergent validity. In Study 2, participants rated their moment-by-moment evaluative reactions to gamble outcomes with the grid every 100 ms; results replicated earlier findings that some outcomes elicit only positivity or negativity whereas others simultaneously elicit positivity and negativity. In Studies 3 and 4, the difference between the grid’s positive and negative ratings of several types of stimuli and bipolar valence ratings were highly correlated, thus demonstrating the grid’s generalisability and predictive validity. Study 4 also showed that ESG ratings predicted facial electromyographic activity, particularly in tasks involving strongly affective stimul...
CHAPTER 11 The Psychophysiology of Emotion John T. Cacioppo Gary G. Berntson Jeff T. Larsen Kirst... more CHAPTER 11 The Psychophysiology of Emotion John T. Cacioppo Gary G. Berntson Jeff T. Larsen Kirsten M. Poehlmann Tiffany A. Ito Humans have ... Indi-viduals may recall earlier emotional episodes, including their feelings, and in so doing they may reexperience the emotion. ...
Social neuroscience is the study of the associations between social and neural levels of organiza... more Social neuroscience is the study of the associations between social and neural levels of organization and the biological mechanisms underlying these associations. Neuroscientists have tended to focus on single organisms, organs, cells, or intracellular processes. Social species create emergent organizations beyond the individual. These emergent structures evolved hand in hand with neural and hormonal mechanisms to support them because the consequent social behaviors helped animals survive, reproduce, and care for offspring ...
The authors introduce the evaluative space grid (ESG), a two-dimensional grid that provides a sin... more The authors introduce the evaluative space grid (ESG), a two-dimensional grid that provides a single-item measure of positivity and negativity. In Study 1, ESG ratings of gamble outcomes were highly correlated with those obtained from conventional, less-efficient, unipolar measures, thus providing evidence for the grid’s convergent validity. In Study 2, participants rated their moment-by-moment evaluative reactions to gamble outcomes with the grid every 100 ms; results replicated earlier findings that some outcomes elicit only positivity or negativity whereas others simultaneously elicit positivity and negativity. In Studies 3 and 4, the difference between the grid’s positive and negative ratings of several types of stimuli and bipolar valence ratings were highly correlated, thus demonstrating the grid’s generalisability and predictive validity. Study 4 also showed that ESG ratings predicted facial electromyographic activity, particularly in tasks involving strongly affective stimul...
CHAPTER 11 The Psychophysiology of Emotion John T. Cacioppo Gary G. Berntson Jeff T. Larsen Kirst... more CHAPTER 11 The Psychophysiology of Emotion John T. Cacioppo Gary G. Berntson Jeff T. Larsen Kirsten M. Poehlmann Tiffany A. Ito Humans have ... Indi-viduals may recall earlier emotional episodes, including their feelings, and in so doing they may reexperience the emotion. ...
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