3rd International Conference on Food and Agricultural Economics, 25-26 April 2019, Alanya, Turkey. Proceedings Book (Full Texts-Abstracts-Posters), 2019
Achieving a clean audit report has been almost impossible for the local municipalities of the Nor... more Achieving a clean audit report has been almost impossible for the local municipalities of the North West province due to mismanagement of financial resources by the municipal role-players. In this regard, this study was aimed at exploring the key enablers to achieve financial accountability as well as propose a framework for financial accountability. The Stewardship Theory underpinned this study which emphasises the need for public servants to serve their employers with utmost truthfulness. The social constructivist research paradigm and a qualitative research approach was adopted. An exploratory research design was applied and a semi-structured interviews was used as a data collection method. A total of thirty six participants participated in the study. At the end of data collection, Atlas-ti software (version 8.2) was used to analyse data. Themes and categories were presented using Atlas-ti network diagram and these were well interpreted and discussed. Findings obtained from the s...
Abstract The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smal... more Abstract The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smallholder broiler farmers. Primary data was used and the stochastic frontier production analysis was applied to determine efficiency in levels in broiler production by smallholder farmers. The results of the estimates showed that all the inputs used were significant at one percent. The overall return to scale is greater than one indicating that resources are under- utilized. The result also revealed that the estimated farm level technical efficiency ranged from eight to ninety-seven percent with a mean of seventy-five percent on average indicating that smallholder broiler farmers in the study area can improve technical efficiency by twenty-five percent. The study recommends that extension officers should increase the frequency of contact with individual broiler farmers and implement policies that will promote access to credit and transport as a means to helps farmers use their resources efficiently.
The purpose of this study was to investigate technical efficiency, determinants of broiler produc... more The purpose of this study was to investigate technical efficiency, determinants of broiler production and chain analysis in Sekhukhune Stochastic frontier production. Value Chain Analysis (VCA) models were used to analyse technical efficiency, productivity and map the small-scale broiler value chain. Cross-sectional data were collected from 61 individual farmers in Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. Results showed that the number of day old chicks (1%), feed quantity (1%), miscellaneous production costs (5%) and labor (10%) were significant factors associated with changes in broiler production. Analysis of socioeconomic variables revealed that level of education, extension contact and years of farming experience were the most significant factors, accounting for variation in productivity among broiler farmers in the study area. The estimated variance parameter (σ 2 ) for farmers was 0.5538 (significant at 1% level). The estimated gamma (γ) parameter revealed variations in broiler...
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana ... more The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.
Background and Objective: Controversies surrounds the term “Small scale” in South Africa because ... more Background and Objective: Controversies surrounds the term “Small scale” in South Africa because it is associated with backward, non-productive, non-commercial, subsistence, inefficiencies in production by farmers. Small scale agricultural are vital because they generate employment and income in rural regions of the country. The economic performance is therefore crucial because it is only good economic performance in production that can ensure the businesses continue performing their aforementioned vital role. However, studies on the technical efficiencies of these type of production at a local level in the country is lacking as similar studies have focussed on large scale commercial production. The objective of this study was to measure the level of technical inefficiencies amongest small scale small-stock farmers and hypothesised that socio-economic factors do not contribute to inefficiency of small-stock farmers. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 land reform small-stock farmers out of a total population of 1554 in which 330 are land reform farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The stochastic frontier production model was used to analyse levels of technical efficiencies among sample farmers. Results: Regression analysis reveals educational level, experience in small-stock production, access to transport, government support through extension services and educational levels were the most significant values. The average technical efficiency of famers was at 75% indicating that the average farmer could save 22.6% of costs and the most technical efficient could realise a 91.75%. The presence or absence of technical efficiency was tested using the log likelihood in the half normal model function (2) and the estimate was 0.422 which significantly differs from zero. The estimated lambda (λ) was 0.9999 indicating differences between actual (observed) and computed output suggesting that 99.99% of the variation in small-stock output in the district is due to socio-economic factors rather than differences in technical inefficiencies of farmers and therefore rejects the null hypothesis. Conclusion: The study reveals that farmers are producing below the production frontier and there is room for improvements if access to resources and special training targeting women are implemented. Furthermore, for small-stock farmers in the study area to become efficient, they will have to increase the amount of input used, while at the same time reallocating their existing inputs until a point where the marginal value product is equivalent to the marginal costs of that particular input.
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana ... more The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.
This paper examines the market analysis of Mahikeng Forestry, Nursery and Vegetable project. A to... more This paper examines the market analysis of Mahikeng Forestry, Nursery and Vegetable project. A total of 150 respondents were visited and interviewed using a well structured questionnaire aimed at acquiring market information. The study found that spinach topped the list of vegetables produce for consumption (38%), followed by cabbage, carrot, potato and tomato in that order. Twenty four percent of producer's intend to produce spinach for sale confirming it the most popular vegetable in the project area. In choosing crops for production either for consumption or for sale by households, potato top the list with 27%, followed by cabbage (21%), spinach (19%), carrot (18%) and tomato (16%). The study found that seedlings productions are the main activity currently at the site but these seedlings are provided to the community free of charge. If the project were to go commercial, this services cannot continue to be provided free of charge. The study revealed that vegetables were mostly demanded by the people in the area and most of the top ten vegetables consumed in this area come from Lichenburg, Klerksdorp and South Rand. [Lekunze J N Antwi, M.A Oladele O.I. Market Analysis: The Case of Mahikeng Forestry Nursery and Vegetable Project. Life Sci J 2013;10(2):548-554]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80
The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as... more The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as an indigenous vegetable in South Africa. The study utilizes an adapted Porter's model to address: threat to enter, competitive buying power, supply, and substitutes to the production/harvesting, marketing, and consumption of cowpea-leaves. The regression analysis shows that the adapted Porter's model used in the study is appropriate in analysing the competitiveness of the marketing of cowpea-leaves in the study area. The model rejected the hypothesis that no significant relationship exists between socioeconomic characteristics and marketing of cowpea-leaves. The study found that there are no formal or informal institutional structures available to the marketers of cowpea-leaves in the study area. The study concludes that, should the income of the current households consuming cowpea-leaves increase, they are likely to substitute other types of vegetables for this vegetable.
The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as... more The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as an indigenous vegetable in South Africa. The analysis shows that 42% of local retailers marketed pumpkin-leaves. Gender analysis of participants reveals that the majority of producers/harvesters (83%), marketers (65%) and consumers (83%) were female. The output of pumpkin leaves was significantly impacted upon by supply, profit and costs incurred per year. The commercialization of the indigenous vegetables could provide income and household food-security to the study area. The study revealed that pumpkin-leaves are being bought and sold. Government should support this process through policies and financial support.
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana ... more The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.
The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smallholder b... more The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smallholder broiler farmers. Primary data was used and the stochastic frontier production analysis was applied to determine efficiency in levels in broiler production by smallholder farmers. The results of the estimates showed that all the inputs used were significant at one percent. The overall return to scale is greater than one indicating that resources are under-utilized. The result also revealed that the estimated farm level technical efficiency ranged from eight to ninety-seven percent with a mean of seventy-five percent on average indicating that smallholder broiler farmers in the study area can improve technical efficiency by twenty-five percent. The study recommends that extension officers should increase the frequency of contact with individual broiler farmers and implement policies that will promote access to credit and transport as a means to helps farmers use their resources efficiently.
3rd International Conference on Food and Agricultural Economics, 25-26 April 2019, Alanya, Turkey. Proceedings Book (Full Texts-Abstracts-Posters), 2019
Achieving a clean audit report has been almost impossible for the local municipalities of the Nor... more Achieving a clean audit report has been almost impossible for the local municipalities of the North West province due to mismanagement of financial resources by the municipal role-players. In this regard, this study was aimed at exploring the key enablers to achieve financial accountability as well as propose a framework for financial accountability. The Stewardship Theory underpinned this study which emphasises the need for public servants to serve their employers with utmost truthfulness. The social constructivist research paradigm and a qualitative research approach was adopted. An exploratory research design was applied and a semi-structured interviews was used as a data collection method. A total of thirty six participants participated in the study. At the end of data collection, Atlas-ti software (version 8.2) was used to analyse data. Themes and categories were presented using Atlas-ti network diagram and these were well interpreted and discussed. Findings obtained from the s...
Abstract The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smal... more Abstract The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smallholder broiler farmers. Primary data was used and the stochastic frontier production analysis was applied to determine efficiency in levels in broiler production by smallholder farmers. The results of the estimates showed that all the inputs used were significant at one percent. The overall return to scale is greater than one indicating that resources are under- utilized. The result also revealed that the estimated farm level technical efficiency ranged from eight to ninety-seven percent with a mean of seventy-five percent on average indicating that smallholder broiler farmers in the study area can improve technical efficiency by twenty-five percent. The study recommends that extension officers should increase the frequency of contact with individual broiler farmers and implement policies that will promote access to credit and transport as a means to helps farmers use their resources efficiently.
The purpose of this study was to investigate technical efficiency, determinants of broiler produc... more The purpose of this study was to investigate technical efficiency, determinants of broiler production and chain analysis in Sekhukhune Stochastic frontier production. Value Chain Analysis (VCA) models were used to analyse technical efficiency, productivity and map the small-scale broiler value chain. Cross-sectional data were collected from 61 individual farmers in Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. Results showed that the number of day old chicks (1%), feed quantity (1%), miscellaneous production costs (5%) and labor (10%) were significant factors associated with changes in broiler production. Analysis of socioeconomic variables revealed that level of education, extension contact and years of farming experience were the most significant factors, accounting for variation in productivity among broiler farmers in the study area. The estimated variance parameter (σ 2 ) for farmers was 0.5538 (significant at 1% level). The estimated gamma (γ) parameter revealed variations in broiler...
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana ... more The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.
Background and Objective: Controversies surrounds the term “Small scale” in South Africa because ... more Background and Objective: Controversies surrounds the term “Small scale” in South Africa because it is associated with backward, non-productive, non-commercial, subsistence, inefficiencies in production by farmers. Small scale agricultural are vital because they generate employment and income in rural regions of the country. The economic performance is therefore crucial because it is only good economic performance in production that can ensure the businesses continue performing their aforementioned vital role. However, studies on the technical efficiencies of these type of production at a local level in the country is lacking as similar studies have focussed on large scale commercial production. The objective of this study was to measure the level of technical inefficiencies amongest small scale small-stock farmers and hypothesised that socio-economic factors do not contribute to inefficiency of small-stock farmers. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 land reform small-stock farmers out of a total population of 1554 in which 330 are land reform farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The stochastic frontier production model was used to analyse levels of technical efficiencies among sample farmers. Results: Regression analysis reveals educational level, experience in small-stock production, access to transport, government support through extension services and educational levels were the most significant values. The average technical efficiency of famers was at 75% indicating that the average farmer could save 22.6% of costs and the most technical efficient could realise a 91.75%. The presence or absence of technical efficiency was tested using the log likelihood in the half normal model function (2) and the estimate was 0.422 which significantly differs from zero. The estimated lambda (λ) was 0.9999 indicating differences between actual (observed) and computed output suggesting that 99.99% of the variation in small-stock output in the district is due to socio-economic factors rather than differences in technical inefficiencies of farmers and therefore rejects the null hypothesis. Conclusion: The study reveals that farmers are producing below the production frontier and there is room for improvements if access to resources and special training targeting women are implemented. Furthermore, for small-stock farmers in the study area to become efficient, they will have to increase the amount of input used, while at the same time reallocating their existing inputs until a point where the marginal value product is equivalent to the marginal costs of that particular input.
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana ... more The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.
This paper examines the market analysis of Mahikeng Forestry, Nursery and Vegetable project. A to... more This paper examines the market analysis of Mahikeng Forestry, Nursery and Vegetable project. A total of 150 respondents were visited and interviewed using a well structured questionnaire aimed at acquiring market information. The study found that spinach topped the list of vegetables produce for consumption (38%), followed by cabbage, carrot, potato and tomato in that order. Twenty four percent of producer's intend to produce spinach for sale confirming it the most popular vegetable in the project area. In choosing crops for production either for consumption or for sale by households, potato top the list with 27%, followed by cabbage (21%), spinach (19%), carrot (18%) and tomato (16%). The study found that seedlings productions are the main activity currently at the site but these seedlings are provided to the community free of charge. If the project were to go commercial, this services cannot continue to be provided free of charge. The study revealed that vegetables were mostly demanded by the people in the area and most of the top ten vegetables consumed in this area come from Lichenburg, Klerksdorp and South Rand. [Lekunze J N Antwi, M.A Oladele O.I. Market Analysis: The Case of Mahikeng Forestry Nursery and Vegetable Project. Life Sci J 2013;10(2):548-554]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80
The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as... more The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as an indigenous vegetable in South Africa. The study utilizes an adapted Porter's model to address: threat to enter, competitive buying power, supply, and substitutes to the production/harvesting, marketing, and consumption of cowpea-leaves. The regression analysis shows that the adapted Porter's model used in the study is appropriate in analysing the competitiveness of the marketing of cowpea-leaves in the study area. The model rejected the hypothesis that no significant relationship exists between socioeconomic characteristics and marketing of cowpea-leaves. The study found that there are no formal or informal institutional structures available to the marketers of cowpea-leaves in the study area. The study concludes that, should the income of the current households consuming cowpea-leaves increase, they are likely to substitute other types of vegetables for this vegetable.
The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as... more The study uses North West Province as a case study to make a market analysis of pumpkin leaves as an indigenous vegetable in South Africa. The analysis shows that 42% of local retailers marketed pumpkin-leaves. Gender analysis of participants reveals that the majority of producers/harvesters (83%), marketers (65%) and consumers (83%) were female. The output of pumpkin leaves was significantly impacted upon by supply, profit and costs incurred per year. The commercialization of the indigenous vegetables could provide income and household food-security to the study area. The study revealed that pumpkin-leaves are being bought and sold. Government should support this process through policies and financial support.
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana ... more The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavioural response of Boer goats and Tswana goats to successive handling. Boer goats and Tswana goats were subjected to aging and tail restrain during handling. Behavioural response was recorded through the vocalisation score (VS), crush score (CS), flight speed (FS), and flight time (FT) scores twice a week for eight weeks. A total of thirty six Boer goats and Tswana goats were used in this experiment. The results indicated that the Tswana goats were the most temperament (p < 0.05) and Boer goats were the calmest. Behavioural scores significantly increased throughout the experiment.
The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smallholder b... more The objective of the paper was to determine the level of resource use efficiency by smallholder broiler farmers. Primary data was used and the stochastic frontier production analysis was applied to determine efficiency in levels in broiler production by smallholder farmers. The results of the estimates showed that all the inputs used were significant at one percent. The overall return to scale is greater than one indicating that resources are under-utilized. The result also revealed that the estimated farm level technical efficiency ranged from eight to ninety-seven percent with a mean of seventy-five percent on average indicating that smallholder broiler farmers in the study area can improve technical efficiency by twenty-five percent. The study recommends that extension officers should increase the frequency of contact with individual broiler farmers and implement policies that will promote access to credit and transport as a means to helps farmers use their resources efficiently.
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Papers by J N Lekunze
non-productive, non-commercial, subsistence, inefficiencies in production by farmers. Small scale agricultural are vital because they
generate employment and income in rural regions of the country. The economic performance is therefore crucial because it is only
good economic performance in production that can ensure the businesses continue performing their aforementioned vital role. However,
studies on the technical efficiencies of these type of production at a local level in the country is lacking as similar studies have
focussed on large scale commercial production. The objective of this study was to measure the level of technical inefficiencies amongest
small scale small-stock farmers and hypothesised that socio-economic factors do not contribute to inefficiency of small-stock farmers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 land reform small-stock farmers out of a total population of 1554 in which 330 are land reform
farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The stochastic frontier production model was used to analyse levels of technical
efficiencies among sample farmers. Results: Regression analysis reveals educational level, experience in small-stock production, access
to transport, government support through extension services and educational levels were the most significant values. The average
technical efficiency of famers was at 75% indicating that the average farmer could save 22.6% of costs and the most technical efficient
could realise a 91.75%. The presence or absence of technical efficiency was tested using the log likelihood in the half normal model
function (2) and the estimate was 0.422 which significantly differs from zero. The estimated lambda (λ) was 0.9999 indicating
differences between actual (observed) and computed output suggesting that 99.99% of the variation in small-stock output in the district
is due to socio-economic factors rather than differences in technical inefficiencies of farmers and therefore rejects the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: The study reveals that farmers are producing below the production frontier and there is room for improvements if access
to resources and special training targeting women are implemented. Furthermore, for small-stock farmers in the study area to become
efficient, they will have to increase the amount of input used, while at the same time reallocating their existing inputs until a point where
the marginal value product is equivalent to the marginal costs of that particular input.
non-productive, non-commercial, subsistence, inefficiencies in production by farmers. Small scale agricultural are vital because they
generate employment and income in rural regions of the country. The economic performance is therefore crucial because it is only
good economic performance in production that can ensure the businesses continue performing their aforementioned vital role. However,
studies on the technical efficiencies of these type of production at a local level in the country is lacking as similar studies have
focussed on large scale commercial production. The objective of this study was to measure the level of technical inefficiencies amongest
small scale small-stock farmers and hypothesised that socio-economic factors do not contribute to inefficiency of small-stock farmers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 land reform small-stock farmers out of a total population of 1554 in which 330 are land reform
farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The stochastic frontier production model was used to analyse levels of technical
efficiencies among sample farmers. Results: Regression analysis reveals educational level, experience in small-stock production, access
to transport, government support through extension services and educational levels were the most significant values. The average
technical efficiency of famers was at 75% indicating that the average farmer could save 22.6% of costs and the most technical efficient
could realise a 91.75%. The presence or absence of technical efficiency was tested using the log likelihood in the half normal model
function (2) and the estimate was 0.422 which significantly differs from zero. The estimated lambda (λ) was 0.9999 indicating
differences between actual (observed) and computed output suggesting that 99.99% of the variation in small-stock output in the district
is due to socio-economic factors rather than differences in technical inefficiencies of farmers and therefore rejects the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: The study reveals that farmers are producing below the production frontier and there is room for improvements if access
to resources and special training targeting women are implemented. Furthermore, for small-stock farmers in the study area to become
efficient, they will have to increase the amount of input used, while at the same time reallocating their existing inputs until a point where
the marginal value product is equivalent to the marginal costs of that particular input.