New Plant Type (NPT) breeding is one of the potential approaches for raising yield ceiling in irr... more New Plant Type (NPT) breeding is one of the potential approaches for raising yield ceiling in irrigated rice. Fourty two promising NPT selections along with 6 indica, 4 tropical japonica, 3 temperate japonica and 3 irrigated cultures were studied for the possibility of further exploitation of these lines for breaking yield ceiling. The analysis of variance revealed sufficient variation among the genotypes for all the ten quantitative characters, whereas significant G x E were observed for all the characters except panicle length, flag leaf length and width. High phenotypic (PCV), genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation and high heritability along with high expected genetic advance were recorded for panicle length, flag leaf length, fertile grains panicle−1, total no. of spikelet, 100 grain wt. and grain yield. Grain yield had positive association for most of the characters except test weight. Higher and positive direct effect on grain yield was exerted by panicle length, no. of fer...
High temperature stress is one of the devastating abiotic stresses which severely affect yield in... more High temperature stress is one of the devastating abiotic stresses which severely affect yield in rice. The present investigation analyzes the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance in yield related traits like panicle length, panicle neck length, panicle exsertion, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and days to 50% flowering of a set of genotypes under high temperature stress and normal condition and further validation of molecular markers linked to high temperature stress tolerance. The germplasm lines namely Annapurna, Wita-12, N22, CR 2599-2, Dular, IR83373-B-B-24-4, IR88836-4-1-3-2, IR88963-31-6-1-1-IRRI, IR 84887-B-157-38-1-1-3, IR84899B-183-6-1-1-2 were identified as tolerant to high temperature stress. Molecular markers viz., RM547, RM212, RM566, RM127, RM225 and RM242 reported in mapping of high temperature stress tolerance were validated in these donor lines.
Rice has rich genetic diversity in the form of thousands of landraces, elite breeding lines, high... more Rice has rich genetic diversity in the form of thousands of landraces, elite breeding lines, high yielding varieties and 21 wild species. These differ tremendously in the levels of grain yield, quality of grains, input use efficiency, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses with immense variation. Hence, rice consist of a rich source of naturally occurring alleles for the improvement of several traits including yield. The yield levels of rice varieties are greatly influenced by the environmental conditions and field management practices. There are remarkable interactions between genotypes and environments in such a way that varieties are adapted to specific environmental conditions. It is increasingly being recognized that exploitation of gene pools of rice germplasm is the fastest and acceptable approach to achieve the twin goals of high productivity and adaptability (Gur and Zamir 2004; Kovach and McCouch 2008). Development of high yielding varieties is possible by accumulati...
Reeta is a popular late-maturing high-yielding rice variety recommended for cultivation in the ea... more Reeta is a popular late-maturing high-yielding rice variety recommended for cultivation in the eastern Indian states. The cultivar is highly sensitive to submergence stress. Phosphorus deficiency is an additional constraint for realizing high yield. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Sub1, for submergence and Pup1 for low phosphorus stress tolerance along with narrow-grained trait, GW5 were introgressed into the variety from the donor parent, Swarna-Sub1 through marker-assisted breeding. In addition, phenotypic selections for higher panicle weight, grain number, and spikelet fertility were performed in each segregating generation. Foreground selection detected the 3 target QTLs in 9, 8 and 7 progenies in the BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 generation, respectively. Recurrent parent’s genome recovery was analyzed using 168 SSR polymorphic markers. The foreground analysis in 452 BC3F2 progenies showed five pyramided lines in homozygous condition for the target QTLs. No donor fragment drag wa...
Antioxidant-rich rice is a cheaper way to solve stress-related disorders and other health benefit... more Antioxidant-rich rice is a cheaper way to solve stress-related disorders and other health benefits for the global rice-eating population. Five antioxidant traits, namely, superoxide dismutase, flavonoids, anthocyanins, γ-oryzanol and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) activity were mapped using a representative panel population through association mapping. Potential landraces carrying multiple antioxidant compounds were identified from the population. The population represented four genetic groups and correspondence for presence of antioxidants traits in each group was noticed. The population showed linkage disequilibrium for the studied traits based on the Fst values. A total of 14 significant marker–trait associations were detected for these antioxidant traits. The study validated the QTLs, qANC3 and qPAC12-2 for anthocyanin content and qAC12 for ABTS activity will be useful in marker-assisted breeding. Eleven QTLs such as qTAC1.1 and qTAC5.1 controlling ...
Ranidhan is a popular late-maturing rice variety of Odisha state, India. The farmers of the state... more Ranidhan is a popular late-maturing rice variety of Odisha state, India. The farmers of the state suffer heavy loss in years with flash floods as the variety is sensitive to submergence. Bacterial blight (BB) disease is a major yield-limiting factor, and the variety is susceptible to the disease. BB resistance genes Xa21, xa13, and xa5, along with the Sub1 QTL, for submergence stress tolerance were transferred into the variety using marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Foreground selection using direct and closely linked markers detected the progenies carrying all four target genes in the BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 generations, and the positive progenies carrying these genes with maximum similarity to the recipient parent, Ranidhan, were backcrossed into each segregating generation. Foreground selection in the BC1F1 generation progenies detected all target genes in 11 progenies. The progeny carrying all target genes and similar to the recipient parent in terms of phenotype was ...
We studied variation in adaptive traits and genetic association to understand the low P responses... more We studied variation in adaptive traits and genetic association to understand the low P responses, including the symbiotic association of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization in Oryza species (O. sativa, O. nivara, and O. rufipogon). In the present experiment, we performed the phenotypic variability of the morphometric and geometric traits for P deficiency tolerance and conducted the association studies in GLM and MLM methods. A positive association between the geometric trait of the top-view area and root traits suggested the possibility of exploring a non-destructive approach in screening genotypes under low P. The AMOVA revealed a higher proportion of variation among the individuals as they belonged to different species of Oryza and the NM value was 2.0, indicating possible gene flow between populations. A sub-cluster with superior-performing accessions had a higher proportion of landraces (42.85%), and O. rufipogon (33.3%) was differentiated by four Pup1-specific mark...
Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along wit... more Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along with parents for combining ability and gene action in basmati rice. The general combining ability (GCA) and specifi c combining ability (SCA) were signifi cant for all the characters, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. But it is found that there was predominance of non-additive genetic components for expression of different traits in the present set of materials. Amongst the male parental lines, Taraori Basmati, Pusa 2503-693-1, Pusa 1235-95-73-1 and Pusa 2512-97-83-98-4 were best general combiners for grain yield along with other traits. The female cms line IR 68281A was best general combiner for grain yield along with other traits. The most promising specifi c combiners for grain yield and other traits were IR 68281A x UPRI 93-63-2, Pusa 3A x Taraori Basmati, Pusa 3A x UPR 2268-4-1, IR 58025A x Pusa 2511-97-107, IR 68281A x UPR 1840-31-1-1 and ...
The bacterial blight (BB) disease of rice is a major disease that reduces yield heavily in suscep... more The bacterial blight (BB) disease of rice is a major disease that reduces yield heavily in susceptible varieties. Ranidhan is a late maturing popular rice variety but shows high susceptibility to the disease. Two BB resistance genes were transferred into the variety through a marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Tightly linked molecular markers were deployed to track the BB resistance genes in the plants carrying the target genes in each backcross generation. Foreground screening detected 17, 16 and 15 progenies to carry the 3 BB resistance genes in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC3F1 generations, respectively. The selected BC3F1 plant was selfed and three different combinations of BB resistance genes were tracked in homozygous state in seven BC3F2 plants. The pyramided lines carrying three resistance genes in homozygous conditions were evaluated for BB disease resistance by inoculating with eight virulent Xoo strains. Five pyramided lines carrying two resistance gene combinations (Xa21+...
Bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major biotic constrain... more Bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major biotic constraint on obtaining higher grain yields in rice. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was performed by the pyramiding of Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 resistance genes in the popular variety, Ranidhan. A foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 progenies detected all the target genes in 12, 7 and 16 progenies by using the closely linked markers from a population size of 446, 410, and 530, respectively. The BB-positive progenies carrying the target genes with a maximal similarity to the recipient parent was backcrossed in each backcross generation. A total of 1784 BC3F2 seeds were obtained from the best BC3F1 progeny. The screening of the BC3F2 progenies for the four target genes resulted in eight plants carrying all the four target genes. A bioassay of the pyramided lines conferred very high levels of resistance to the predominant isolates of bacterial blight disease. In addition, these...
Ten aromatic long and short grained rice varieties were evaluated for physico-chemical and proxim... more Ten aromatic long and short grained rice varieties were evaluated for physico-chemical and proximate analysis to find out better varieties. It was revealed that high head rice recovery was observed in Kalajira (68.0%). Kernel length was highest in Pusa sugandh-2 (7.6 mm) and lowest in Kalajira (4.3 mm). Kernel breadth ranged from 1.72 (Pusa basmati-1) to 2.18 mm(Kalajira). Kernel length after cooking (KLAC) ranged from 7.33 (Tulsiphool) to 13.3 mm (Pusa basmati-1). Amylose content varied from 16.8 (CRM-839) to 25.05% (Geetanjali). Protein content was lowest in Dubraj (7.2%) and highest in Tarori basmati (8.96%). Carbohydrate content ranged from 64.6 (Pusa sugandh-2) to 89.15% (Kalanamak). The basmati varieties had more fat than the mean value whereas the aromatic short grained had low fat content. The sugar content varied from 0.54 (Kalanamak) to 0.87% (Pusabasmati-1). Low iron content was reported in Pusa sugandh-2 (7.09 mg/kg) and highest iron in Kalanamak (19.16 mg/kg). Zinc cont...
Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along wit... more Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along with parents for combining ability and gene action in basmati rice. The general combining ability (GCA) and specifi c combining ability (SCA) were signifi cant for all the characters, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. But it is found that there was predominance of non-additive genetic components for expression of different traits in the present set of materials. Amongst the male parental lines, Taraori Basmati, Pusa 2503-693-1, Pusa 1235-95-73-1 and Pusa 2512-97-83-98-4 were best general combiners for grain yield along with other traits. The female cms line IR 68281A was best general combiner for grain yield along with other traits. The most promising specifi c combiners for grain yield and other traits were IR 68281A x UPRI 93-63-2, Pusa 3A x Taraori Basmati, Pusa 3A x UPR 2268-4-1, IR 58025A x Pusa 2511-97-107, IR 68281A x UPR 1840-31-1-1 and ...
Submergence stress due to flash floods reduces rice yield drastically in sensitive varieties. Mau... more Submergence stress due to flash floods reduces rice yield drastically in sensitive varieties. Maudamani is a high yielding popular rice variety but is highly susceptible to submergence stress. The selection of progenies carrying Sub1 and GW5 (wide-grain) enhanced the submergence stress tolerance and grain yield of theMaudamani variety by following the marker-assisted backcross breeding method. Foreground screening detected 14 BC1F1, 17 BC2F1, and 12 BC3F1 backcross progenies that carried the target QTLs for submergence tolerance and grain width. Background screening was performed in the progenies carrying the target QTL and enhanced the recovery of a recipient parent’s genome by upto 96.875% in the BC3 pyramided line. The BC3F1 plant containing the highest recipient parent genome content and the target QTLs was self-pollinated. In BC3F2 generation, the target QTLs the Sub1 and GW5 (wide-grain) alleles and recipient parent’s yield component QTL OsSPL14 were tracked for homozygous sta...
New Plant Type (NPT) breeding is one of the potential approaches for raising yield ceiling in irr... more New Plant Type (NPT) breeding is one of the potential approaches for raising yield ceiling in irrigated rice. Fourty two promising NPT selections along with 6 indica, 4 tropical japonica, 3 temperate japonica and 3 irrigated cultures were studied for the possibility of further exploitation of these lines for breaking yield ceiling. The analysis of variance revealed sufficient variation among the genotypes for all the ten quantitative characters, whereas significant G x E were observed for all the characters except panicle length, flag leaf length and width. High phenotypic (PCV), genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation and high heritability along with high expected genetic advance were recorded for panicle length, flag leaf length, fertile grains panicle−1, total no. of spikelet, 100 grain wt. and grain yield. Grain yield had positive association for most of the characters except test weight. Higher and positive direct effect on grain yield was exerted by panicle length, no. of fer...
High temperature stress is one of the devastating abiotic stresses which severely affect yield in... more High temperature stress is one of the devastating abiotic stresses which severely affect yield in rice. The present investigation analyzes the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance in yield related traits like panicle length, panicle neck length, panicle exsertion, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and days to 50% flowering of a set of genotypes under high temperature stress and normal condition and further validation of molecular markers linked to high temperature stress tolerance. The germplasm lines namely Annapurna, Wita-12, N22, CR 2599-2, Dular, IR83373-B-B-24-4, IR88836-4-1-3-2, IR88963-31-6-1-1-IRRI, IR 84887-B-157-38-1-1-3, IR84899B-183-6-1-1-2 were identified as tolerant to high temperature stress. Molecular markers viz., RM547, RM212, RM566, RM127, RM225 and RM242 reported in mapping of high temperature stress tolerance were validated in these donor lines.
Rice has rich genetic diversity in the form of thousands of landraces, elite breeding lines, high... more Rice has rich genetic diversity in the form of thousands of landraces, elite breeding lines, high yielding varieties and 21 wild species. These differ tremendously in the levels of grain yield, quality of grains, input use efficiency, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses with immense variation. Hence, rice consist of a rich source of naturally occurring alleles for the improvement of several traits including yield. The yield levels of rice varieties are greatly influenced by the environmental conditions and field management practices. There are remarkable interactions between genotypes and environments in such a way that varieties are adapted to specific environmental conditions. It is increasingly being recognized that exploitation of gene pools of rice germplasm is the fastest and acceptable approach to achieve the twin goals of high productivity and adaptability (Gur and Zamir 2004; Kovach and McCouch 2008). Development of high yielding varieties is possible by accumulati...
Reeta is a popular late-maturing high-yielding rice variety recommended for cultivation in the ea... more Reeta is a popular late-maturing high-yielding rice variety recommended for cultivation in the eastern Indian states. The cultivar is highly sensitive to submergence stress. Phosphorus deficiency is an additional constraint for realizing high yield. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Sub1, for submergence and Pup1 for low phosphorus stress tolerance along with narrow-grained trait, GW5 were introgressed into the variety from the donor parent, Swarna-Sub1 through marker-assisted breeding. In addition, phenotypic selections for higher panicle weight, grain number, and spikelet fertility were performed in each segregating generation. Foreground selection detected the 3 target QTLs in 9, 8 and 7 progenies in the BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 generation, respectively. Recurrent parent’s genome recovery was analyzed using 168 SSR polymorphic markers. The foreground analysis in 452 BC3F2 progenies showed five pyramided lines in homozygous condition for the target QTLs. No donor fragment drag wa...
Antioxidant-rich rice is a cheaper way to solve stress-related disorders and other health benefit... more Antioxidant-rich rice is a cheaper way to solve stress-related disorders and other health benefits for the global rice-eating population. Five antioxidant traits, namely, superoxide dismutase, flavonoids, anthocyanins, γ-oryzanol and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) activity were mapped using a representative panel population through association mapping. Potential landraces carrying multiple antioxidant compounds were identified from the population. The population represented four genetic groups and correspondence for presence of antioxidants traits in each group was noticed. The population showed linkage disequilibrium for the studied traits based on the Fst values. A total of 14 significant marker–trait associations were detected for these antioxidant traits. The study validated the QTLs, qANC3 and qPAC12-2 for anthocyanin content and qAC12 for ABTS activity will be useful in marker-assisted breeding. Eleven QTLs such as qTAC1.1 and qTAC5.1 controlling ...
Ranidhan is a popular late-maturing rice variety of Odisha state, India. The farmers of the state... more Ranidhan is a popular late-maturing rice variety of Odisha state, India. The farmers of the state suffer heavy loss in years with flash floods as the variety is sensitive to submergence. Bacterial blight (BB) disease is a major yield-limiting factor, and the variety is susceptible to the disease. BB resistance genes Xa21, xa13, and xa5, along with the Sub1 QTL, for submergence stress tolerance were transferred into the variety using marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Foreground selection using direct and closely linked markers detected the progenies carrying all four target genes in the BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 generations, and the positive progenies carrying these genes with maximum similarity to the recipient parent, Ranidhan, were backcrossed into each segregating generation. Foreground selection in the BC1F1 generation progenies detected all target genes in 11 progenies. The progeny carrying all target genes and similar to the recipient parent in terms of phenotype was ...
We studied variation in adaptive traits and genetic association to understand the low P responses... more We studied variation in adaptive traits and genetic association to understand the low P responses, including the symbiotic association of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization in Oryza species (O. sativa, O. nivara, and O. rufipogon). In the present experiment, we performed the phenotypic variability of the morphometric and geometric traits for P deficiency tolerance and conducted the association studies in GLM and MLM methods. A positive association between the geometric trait of the top-view area and root traits suggested the possibility of exploring a non-destructive approach in screening genotypes under low P. The AMOVA revealed a higher proportion of variation among the individuals as they belonged to different species of Oryza and the NM value was 2.0, indicating possible gene flow between populations. A sub-cluster with superior-performing accessions had a higher proportion of landraces (42.85%), and O. rufipogon (33.3%) was differentiated by four Pup1-specific mark...
Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along wit... more Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along with parents for combining ability and gene action in basmati rice. The general combining ability (GCA) and specifi c combining ability (SCA) were signifi cant for all the characters, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. But it is found that there was predominance of non-additive genetic components for expression of different traits in the present set of materials. Amongst the male parental lines, Taraori Basmati, Pusa 2503-693-1, Pusa 1235-95-73-1 and Pusa 2512-97-83-98-4 were best general combiners for grain yield along with other traits. The female cms line IR 68281A was best general combiner for grain yield along with other traits. The most promising specifi c combiners for grain yield and other traits were IR 68281A x UPRI 93-63-2, Pusa 3A x Taraori Basmati, Pusa 3A x UPR 2268-4-1, IR 58025A x Pusa 2511-97-107, IR 68281A x UPR 1840-31-1-1 and ...
The bacterial blight (BB) disease of rice is a major disease that reduces yield heavily in suscep... more The bacterial blight (BB) disease of rice is a major disease that reduces yield heavily in susceptible varieties. Ranidhan is a late maturing popular rice variety but shows high susceptibility to the disease. Two BB resistance genes were transferred into the variety through a marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Tightly linked molecular markers were deployed to track the BB resistance genes in the plants carrying the target genes in each backcross generation. Foreground screening detected 17, 16 and 15 progenies to carry the 3 BB resistance genes in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC3F1 generations, respectively. The selected BC3F1 plant was selfed and three different combinations of BB resistance genes were tracked in homozygous state in seven BC3F2 plants. The pyramided lines carrying three resistance genes in homozygous conditions were evaluated for BB disease resistance by inoculating with eight virulent Xoo strains. Five pyramided lines carrying two resistance gene combinations (Xa21+...
Bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major biotic constrain... more Bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major biotic constraint on obtaining higher grain yields in rice. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was performed by the pyramiding of Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 resistance genes in the popular variety, Ranidhan. A foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 progenies detected all the target genes in 12, 7 and 16 progenies by using the closely linked markers from a population size of 446, 410, and 530, respectively. The BB-positive progenies carrying the target genes with a maximal similarity to the recipient parent was backcrossed in each backcross generation. A total of 1784 BC3F2 seeds were obtained from the best BC3F1 progeny. The screening of the BC3F2 progenies for the four target genes resulted in eight plants carrying all the four target genes. A bioassay of the pyramided lines conferred very high levels of resistance to the predominant isolates of bacterial blight disease. In addition, these...
Ten aromatic long and short grained rice varieties were evaluated for physico-chemical and proxim... more Ten aromatic long and short grained rice varieties were evaluated for physico-chemical and proximate analysis to find out better varieties. It was revealed that high head rice recovery was observed in Kalajira (68.0%). Kernel length was highest in Pusa sugandh-2 (7.6 mm) and lowest in Kalajira (4.3 mm). Kernel breadth ranged from 1.72 (Pusa basmati-1) to 2.18 mm(Kalajira). Kernel length after cooking (KLAC) ranged from 7.33 (Tulsiphool) to 13.3 mm (Pusa basmati-1). Amylose content varied from 16.8 (CRM-839) to 25.05% (Geetanjali). Protein content was lowest in Dubraj (7.2%) and highest in Tarori basmati (8.96%). Carbohydrate content ranged from 64.6 (Pusa sugandh-2) to 89.15% (Kalanamak). The basmati varieties had more fat than the mean value whereas the aromatic short grained had low fat content. The sugar content varied from 0.54 (Kalanamak) to 0.87% (Pusabasmati-1). Low iron content was reported in Pusa sugandh-2 (7.09 mg/kg) and highest iron in Kalanamak (19.16 mg/kg). Zinc cont...
Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along wit... more Thirty-six hybrids generated from crossing three lines with twelve testers were studied along with parents for combining ability and gene action in basmati rice. The general combining ability (GCA) and specifi c combining ability (SCA) were signifi cant for all the characters, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. But it is found that there was predominance of non-additive genetic components for expression of different traits in the present set of materials. Amongst the male parental lines, Taraori Basmati, Pusa 2503-693-1, Pusa 1235-95-73-1 and Pusa 2512-97-83-98-4 were best general combiners for grain yield along with other traits. The female cms line IR 68281A was best general combiner for grain yield along with other traits. The most promising specifi c combiners for grain yield and other traits were IR 68281A x UPRI 93-63-2, Pusa 3A x Taraori Basmati, Pusa 3A x UPR 2268-4-1, IR 58025A x Pusa 2511-97-107, IR 68281A x UPR 1840-31-1-1 and ...
Submergence stress due to flash floods reduces rice yield drastically in sensitive varieties. Mau... more Submergence stress due to flash floods reduces rice yield drastically in sensitive varieties. Maudamani is a high yielding popular rice variety but is highly susceptible to submergence stress. The selection of progenies carrying Sub1 and GW5 (wide-grain) enhanced the submergence stress tolerance and grain yield of theMaudamani variety by following the marker-assisted backcross breeding method. Foreground screening detected 14 BC1F1, 17 BC2F1, and 12 BC3F1 backcross progenies that carried the target QTLs for submergence tolerance and grain width. Background screening was performed in the progenies carrying the target QTL and enhanced the recovery of a recipient parent’s genome by upto 96.875% in the BC3 pyramided line. The BC3F1 plant containing the highest recipient parent genome content and the target QTLs was self-pollinated. In BC3F2 generation, the target QTLs the Sub1 and GW5 (wide-grain) alleles and recipient parent’s yield component QTL OsSPL14 were tracked for homozygous sta...
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Papers by Jitendriya Meher