In this paper, a new hybrid minkowski shape fractal antenna is designed for C and X band applicat... more In this paper, a new hybrid minkowski shape fractal antenna is designed for C and X band applications. A simple and planner structure of proposed antenna fulfills the requirements of Radar, Native communication and networking and also the Space communication at a very low budget. The structure of proposed antenna is obtained by mixing two minkowski curves. Multiband behavior of antenna is achieved and better values of Gain (G), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Radiation pattern is achieved. The simulated and measured results of proposed antenna covers five resonant frequencies (6.30, 7.30, 7.40, 8.30, 8.60) GHz in C and X band. HFSS Simulation software is used to simulate the proposed antenna and MATLAB software is used to generate the scripting of proposed antenna
With the increase in application of wireless communications including wireless LAN, wireless cabl... more With the increase in application of wireless communications including wireless LAN, wireless cable TV the demand for reliable digital transmission has been increased. Antennas are essential part of wireless communication system and antenna design affects the performance of link. An antenna is used to transform an RF signal traveling on a conductor, into electromagnetic waves in free space. The study of different types of linear antenna arrays such as broadside, binomial, Dolph-Tchebysheff arrays has been performed in this book. Then their comparison has been done on the basis of the currents flowing through the radiating elements, calculating the radiation pattern and plotting it to visualize it is one of the tasks of antenna analysis with the help of MATLAB. The rectangular antenna arrays are studied and are synthesized with the help of different commands available in the form of DSP tools. The rectangular array along with their array factor has been studied and on the basis of whi...
2015 Fifth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies, 2015
In this paper a compact rectangular and circular micro strip patch antenna array is designed usin... more In this paper a compact rectangular and circular micro strip patch antenna array is designed using series feed network for traffic speed detector application. Proposed antenna array has been designed using method of moment based IE3D software. Proposed antenna array operates at the resonant frequency 10.40GHz. Roger/RT duroid with dielectric constant 2.2 and height 1.588 mm has been used as a substrate material for the design of this antenna. RF power to the antenna patch has been fed by quarter wave transformer feeding method. Comparison of these antenna arrays have been done by demonstrating example of 8x1 antenna arrays. The different parameters such as return loss, gain, directivity, VSWR, antenna efficiency and radiation efficiency have been computed and compared using the IE3d simulator.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, 2012
ABSTRACT In recent years the art of using artificial neural networks for wireless communication e... more ABSTRACT In recent years the art of using artificial neural networks for wireless communication engineers has been gaining momentum. In this paper a general procedure is suggested for estimating the resonant frequency of circular microstrip patch antenna using artificial neural networks. The method of moments (MOM) based IE3D software was used to generate data dictionary for training and validation set of ANN. The proposed technique uses multilayer feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network with one hidden layers for estimating the resonant frequency of a circular microstrip antenna. A relative performance of the different training algorithms is carried out for estimating the resonant frequency with particular attention paid to the speed of computation and accuracy achieved. This type of performance comparison has not been attempted so far.
Bacillus coagulans RCS3 isolated from hot water springs secreted five isozymes i.e. β-gal I–V of ... more Bacillus coagulans RCS3 isolated from hot water springs secreted five isozymes i.e. β-gal I–V of β-galactosidase. β-gal III isozyme was purified using DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G 100 column chromatography. Its molecular weight characterization showed a single band at 315 kD in Native PAGE, while two subunits of 50.1 and 53.7 kD in SDS PAGE. β-Gal III had pH optima in the range of 6–7 and temperature optima at 65 °C. It preferred nitro-aryl-β-d-galactoside as substrate having Km of 4.16 mM with ONPG. More than 85% and 80% hydrolysis of lactose (1–5%, w/v) was recorded within 48 h of incubation at 55 °C and 50 °C respectively and pH range of 6–7. About 78–86% hydrolysis of lactose in various brands of standardized milk was recorded at incubation temperature of 50 °C. These results marked the applications of β-gal III in processing of milk/whey industry.
Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) was produced from mesophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. NV1 from l... more Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) was produced from mesophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. NV1 from local milk plant. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate (20-70%). The optimum 0 temperature of β-galactosidase was 40 C and pH range was 6-7. The enzyme was quite stable and lost 40% 0 0 activity in 6 h at 50 C with t of 3 h at 55 C. The enzyme 1/2 3+ 2+ was slightly inhibited by Fe and Cu and activated by + + + + 2+ Na , Ni , Ca and Zn , Co with K of 20.83 mM and V m max of 204.08 U/ml. The partially purified enzyme hydrolyzed 98% of lactose (5%) within 12 h of incubation thereby making this enzyme useful for various industrial purposes. Introduction:
In this paper, a new hybrid minkowski shape fractal antenna is designed for C and X band applicat... more In this paper, a new hybrid minkowski shape fractal antenna is designed for C and X band applications. A simple and planner structure of proposed antenna fulfills the requirements of Radar, Native communication and networking and also the Space communication at a very low budget. The structure of proposed antenna is obtained by mixing two minkowski curves. Multiband behavior of antenna is achieved and better values of Gain (G), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Radiation pattern is achieved. The simulated and measured results of proposed antenna covers five resonant frequencies (6.30, 7.30, 7.40, 8.30, 8.60) GHz in C and X band. HFSS Simulation software is used to simulate the proposed antenna and MATLAB software is used to generate the scripting of proposed antenna
With the increase in application of wireless communications including wireless LAN, wireless cabl... more With the increase in application of wireless communications including wireless LAN, wireless cable TV the demand for reliable digital transmission has been increased. Antennas are essential part of wireless communication system and antenna design affects the performance of link. An antenna is used to transform an RF signal traveling on a conductor, into electromagnetic waves in free space. The study of different types of linear antenna arrays such as broadside, binomial, Dolph-Tchebysheff arrays has been performed in this book. Then their comparison has been done on the basis of the currents flowing through the radiating elements, calculating the radiation pattern and plotting it to visualize it is one of the tasks of antenna analysis with the help of MATLAB. The rectangular antenna arrays are studied and are synthesized with the help of different commands available in the form of DSP tools. The rectangular array along with their array factor has been studied and on the basis of whi...
2015 Fifth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies, 2015
In this paper a compact rectangular and circular micro strip patch antenna array is designed usin... more In this paper a compact rectangular and circular micro strip patch antenna array is designed using series feed network for traffic speed detector application. Proposed antenna array has been designed using method of moment based IE3D software. Proposed antenna array operates at the resonant frequency 10.40GHz. Roger/RT duroid with dielectric constant 2.2 and height 1.588 mm has been used as a substrate material for the design of this antenna. RF power to the antenna patch has been fed by quarter wave transformer feeding method. Comparison of these antenna arrays have been done by demonstrating example of 8x1 antenna arrays. The different parameters such as return loss, gain, directivity, VSWR, antenna efficiency and radiation efficiency have been computed and compared using the IE3d simulator.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, 2012
ABSTRACT In recent years the art of using artificial neural networks for wireless communication e... more ABSTRACT In recent years the art of using artificial neural networks for wireless communication engineers has been gaining momentum. In this paper a general procedure is suggested for estimating the resonant frequency of circular microstrip patch antenna using artificial neural networks. The method of moments (MOM) based IE3D software was used to generate data dictionary for training and validation set of ANN. The proposed technique uses multilayer feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network with one hidden layers for estimating the resonant frequency of a circular microstrip antenna. A relative performance of the different training algorithms is carried out for estimating the resonant frequency with particular attention paid to the speed of computation and accuracy achieved. This type of performance comparison has not been attempted so far.
Bacillus coagulans RCS3 isolated from hot water springs secreted five isozymes i.e. β-gal I–V of ... more Bacillus coagulans RCS3 isolated from hot water springs secreted five isozymes i.e. β-gal I–V of β-galactosidase. β-gal III isozyme was purified using DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G 100 column chromatography. Its molecular weight characterization showed a single band at 315 kD in Native PAGE, while two subunits of 50.1 and 53.7 kD in SDS PAGE. β-Gal III had pH optima in the range of 6–7 and temperature optima at 65 °C. It preferred nitro-aryl-β-d-galactoside as substrate having Km of 4.16 mM with ONPG. More than 85% and 80% hydrolysis of lactose (1–5%, w/v) was recorded within 48 h of incubation at 55 °C and 50 °C respectively and pH range of 6–7. About 78–86% hydrolysis of lactose in various brands of standardized milk was recorded at incubation temperature of 50 °C. These results marked the applications of β-gal III in processing of milk/whey industry.
Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) was produced from mesophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. NV1 from l... more Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) was produced from mesophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. NV1 from local milk plant. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate (20-70%). The optimum 0 temperature of β-galactosidase was 40 C and pH range was 6-7. The enzyme was quite stable and lost 40% 0 0 activity in 6 h at 50 C with t of 3 h at 55 C. The enzyme 1/2 3+ 2+ was slightly inhibited by Fe and Cu and activated by + + + + 2+ Na , Ni , Ca and Zn , Co with K of 20.83 mM and V m max of 204.08 U/ml. The partially purified enzyme hydrolyzed 98% of lactose (5%) within 12 h of incubation thereby making this enzyme useful for various industrial purposes. Introduction:
Studies on the alpha-amylase-producing thermophilic bacterium isolated and identified from a hot ... more Studies on the alpha-amylase-producing thermophilic bacterium isolated and identified from a hot spring in Jordan and designated as Geobacillus stearothermophilus JT2 were carried out. The optimum conditions for growth and enzyme production were pH 7 and 55 degrees C. The study of the kinetics of cellular growth indicated a mu(max) of 0.22/h, a K(s) of 1.2 g/L, a tau(d) of 3.15 h and a Y(x/s) of 0.43 g cell/g starch. In addition, the activation energy for growth and death were estimated and found to be 30.5 and 210 J/mol, respectively. The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the cellular growth was tested.
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