The effects of water restriction following feeding under heat stress conditions on nutrient diges... more The effects of water restriction following feeding under heat stress conditions on nutrient digestibilities, milk yield and composition and some blood hormones in lactating Holstein cows were evaluated. The design was completely randomized with 30 high producing lactating Holstein cows (80.8±40.5 DIM) which were assigned to two treatment groups (15 cows per treatment). Treatments were free access to water (FAW) and 2 h water restriction (2hWR) following feeding. Average temperature-humidity index (THI) in the farm was over 80 throughout the experiment which defines heat stress conditions. Neutral detergent fibre, organic matter and ether extract digestibilities increased by water restriction (P0.05). Water intake was recorded daily during the digestibility period and was not different between FAW and 2hWR group (P>0.05). Fat corrected milk was higher in 2hWR group than FAW group (P0.05). Somatic cell counts were greater in 2hWR than FAW group (P0.05). Blood prolactin and growth hormone were higher in 2hWR group than the FAW group (P<0.05). It is concluded that water restriction for 2 hours following feeding improved nutrient digestibility of some dietary components and increased milk fat percentage in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of β-glucan on growth perfor- mance, nutr... more Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of β-glucan on growth perfor- mance, nutrient digestibility, and immunity in wean- ling pigs. In Exp. 1, 210 weanling pigs (6.38 ± 0.92 kg of BW) were fed dietary β-glucan (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, or 0.04%) for 5 wk. In Exp. 2, 168 pigs (6.18 ± 1.31 kg of BW) were fed
A previous study showed that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation ... more A previous study showed that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation inhibits glucose uptake in bovine aortic endothelial cells. We hypothesize that inhibition of PPARβ/δ can increase glucose uptake in immortalized bovine mammary alveolar cells (MACT) and increases lactose synthesis. To test our hypothesis, we treated MACT cells with PPARβ/δ synthetic agonist (GW501516) and antagonist (GSK3787) and assessed PPARβ/δ activation, live and dead cell count, and glucose uptake. MACT cells plated at 10,000 cells/well in 96 well plates were transfected with a PPAR Response Element (PPRE X3-TK-Luc) plasmid using 0.3μL/well of TransIT-X2® Dynamic Delivery System (Mirus, USA) in Opti-MEM®media without fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were treated 24h after transfection in triplicates with 10 and 1,000nM of GW501516, GSK3787, or a 1:1 combination of them plus ethanol as control in high-glucose DMEM media with FBS. After 24h of treatment, a nuclear staining (NucBlue® L...
This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and g... more This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of dairy calves. The study utilized 12 Holstein male dairy calves (100 d of age) divided into 2 groups of 6 calves each for 155 d. Control group calves received 1.8 kg/(calf × day) of concentrate, whereas calves in the restricted group only received 1 kg/(calf × day). Good quality forage (Timothy hay) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and at fortnightly intervals. Blood samples were collected at start and approximately 50 d interval. On d 100 and 155, liver biopsies were collected from all animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at the end of the study, however, at 6,7,8 and 9 fortnights higher (P < 0.05) BW were recorded in the control group than the restricted. Total BW gain in the control group was 114 kg as opposed to 98.2 kg in restricted...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2009
ABSTRACT Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to i... more ABSTRACT Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to investigate their effects on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood metabolites and hormones in multiparous sows. Twenty-four sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments according to a 22 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates comprising 1 sow. Two cereal (corn or wheat) and two fat (tallow or soybean oil) sources were used to prepare iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Sows fed corn-based diets lost less body weight (p = 0.003) and backfat thickness (p = 0.034), consumed more feed (p = 0.032) and had shorter wean-to-estrus interval (p = 0.016) than sows fed wheat-based diets. Fewer piglets and lower body weight of piglets (p0.05) of dietary fat source and its interaction with dietary cereal source on sow body condition and reproductive performance were observed during lactation. Feeding of a corn-based diet improved (p
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2004
ABSTRACT This research was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin E (VE) when supplemented i... more ABSTRACT This research was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin E (VE) when supplemented in either feed or water on the performance and meat quality of broilers. For a six-week feeding trial, a total of 330 broiler chicks were allotted to five treatments. The treatments were 1) 0 ppm VE, 2) 10 ppm VE in feed, 3) 20 ppm VE in feed, 4) 5 ppm VE in water and 5) 10 ppm VE in water. During the starter phase (0-3 weeks) chicks on non-supplemented groups grew slower (p
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of various animal an... more ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of various animal and plant protein sources on piglet’ performance, digestibility of amino acids and gut morphology in weaned pigs until 28 days after weaning. The plant protein sources used were soybean meal (SBM), fermented soy protein (FSP), rice protein concentrate (RPC); and animal protein sources tested were, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and fishmeal (FM). Iso-proteinous (21%) diets were formulated and lysine (1.55%) content was similar in all the diets. The level of each protein source added was 6% by replacing SBM to the same extent from the control diet containing 15% SBM. The ADG was higher (p
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005
ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary combinations of vitamin A (V... more ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary combinations of vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE) and methionine (Met) on growth performance, meat quality and immunity in commercial broilers. Ross chicks (n=3,630) were allocated to five experimental treatments with three replicates per diet. The dietary treatments were: VA 8,000 IU, VE 10 IU (diet 1); VA 12,000 IU, VE 10 IU (diet 2); VA 8,000 IU, VE 100 IU (diet 3); VA 12,000 IU, VE 100 IU (diet 4) and; VA 12,000 IU, VE 100 IU/kg diet and 20% Met higher than other groups (diet 5). The Met content in diet 1 to diet 4 were as per the requirement suggested by NRC. Separate vitamin premixes were prepared for each treatment diet as per the requirement of study. The 35 d study revealed significantly (p
The effects of water restriction following feeding under heat stress conditions on nutrient diges... more The effects of water restriction following feeding under heat stress conditions on nutrient digestibilities, milk yield and composition and some blood hormones in lactating Holstein cows were evaluated. The design was completely randomized with 30 high producing lactating Holstein cows (80.8±40.5 DIM) which were assigned to two treatment groups (15 cows per treatment). Treatments were free access to water (FAW) and 2 h water restriction (2hWR) following feeding. Average temperature-humidity index (THI) in the farm was over 80 throughout the experiment which defines heat stress conditions. Neutral detergent fibre, organic matter and ether extract digestibilities increased by water restriction (P0.05). Water intake was recorded daily during the digestibility period and was not different between FAW and 2hWR group (P&gt;0.05). Fat corrected milk was higher in 2hWR group than FAW group (P0.05). Somatic cell counts were greater in 2hWR than FAW group (P0.05). Blood prolactin and growth hormone were higher in 2hWR group than the FAW group (P&lt;0.05). It is concluded that water restriction for 2 hours following feeding improved nutrient digestibility of some dietary components and increased milk fat percentage in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of β-glucan on growth perfor- mance, nutr... more Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of β-glucan on growth perfor- mance, nutrient digestibility, and immunity in wean- ling pigs. In Exp. 1, 210 weanling pigs (6.38 ± 0.92 kg of BW) were fed dietary β-glucan (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, or 0.04%) for 5 wk. In Exp. 2, 168 pigs (6.18 ± 1.31 kg of BW) were fed
A previous study showed that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation ... more A previous study showed that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation inhibits glucose uptake in bovine aortic endothelial cells. We hypothesize that inhibition of PPARβ/δ can increase glucose uptake in immortalized bovine mammary alveolar cells (MACT) and increases lactose synthesis. To test our hypothesis, we treated MACT cells with PPARβ/δ synthetic agonist (GW501516) and antagonist (GSK3787) and assessed PPARβ/δ activation, live and dead cell count, and glucose uptake. MACT cells plated at 10,000 cells/well in 96 well plates were transfected with a PPAR Response Element (PPRE X3-TK-Luc) plasmid using 0.3μL/well of TransIT-X2® Dynamic Delivery System (Mirus, USA) in Opti-MEM®media without fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were treated 24h after transfection in triplicates with 10 and 1,000nM of GW501516, GSK3787, or a 1:1 combination of them plus ethanol as control in high-glucose DMEM media with FBS. After 24h of treatment, a nuclear staining (NucBlue® L...
This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and g... more This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of dairy calves. The study utilized 12 Holstein male dairy calves (100 d of age) divided into 2 groups of 6 calves each for 155 d. Control group calves received 1.8 kg/(calf × day) of concentrate, whereas calves in the restricted group only received 1 kg/(calf × day). Good quality forage (Timothy hay) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and at fortnightly intervals. Blood samples were collected at start and approximately 50 d interval. On d 100 and 155, liver biopsies were collected from all animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at the end of the study, however, at 6,7,8 and 9 fortnights higher (P < 0.05) BW were recorded in the control group than the restricted. Total BW gain in the control group was 114 kg as opposed to 98.2 kg in restricted...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2009
ABSTRACT Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to i... more ABSTRACT Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to investigate their effects on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood metabolites and hormones in multiparous sows. Twenty-four sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments according to a 22 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates comprising 1 sow. Two cereal (corn or wheat) and two fat (tallow or soybean oil) sources were used to prepare iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Sows fed corn-based diets lost less body weight (p = 0.003) and backfat thickness (p = 0.034), consumed more feed (p = 0.032) and had shorter wean-to-estrus interval (p = 0.016) than sows fed wheat-based diets. Fewer piglets and lower body weight of piglets (p0.05) of dietary fat source and its interaction with dietary cereal source on sow body condition and reproductive performance were observed during lactation. Feeding of a corn-based diet improved (p
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2004
ABSTRACT This research was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin E (VE) when supplemented i... more ABSTRACT This research was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin E (VE) when supplemented in either feed or water on the performance and meat quality of broilers. For a six-week feeding trial, a total of 330 broiler chicks were allotted to five treatments. The treatments were 1) 0 ppm VE, 2) 10 ppm VE in feed, 3) 20 ppm VE in feed, 4) 5 ppm VE in water and 5) 10 ppm VE in water. During the starter phase (0-3 weeks) chicks on non-supplemented groups grew slower (p
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of various animal an... more ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of various animal and plant protein sources on piglet’ performance, digestibility of amino acids and gut morphology in weaned pigs until 28 days after weaning. The plant protein sources used were soybean meal (SBM), fermented soy protein (FSP), rice protein concentrate (RPC); and animal protein sources tested were, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and fishmeal (FM). Iso-proteinous (21%) diets were formulated and lysine (1.55%) content was similar in all the diets. The level of each protein source added was 6% by replacing SBM to the same extent from the control diet containing 15% SBM. The ADG was higher (p
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005
ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary combinations of vitamin A (V... more ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary combinations of vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE) and methionine (Met) on growth performance, meat quality and immunity in commercial broilers. Ross chicks (n=3,630) were allocated to five experimental treatments with three replicates per diet. The dietary treatments were: VA 8,000 IU, VE 10 IU (diet 1); VA 12,000 IU, VE 10 IU (diet 2); VA 8,000 IU, VE 100 IU (diet 3); VA 12,000 IU, VE 100 IU (diet 4) and; VA 12,000 IU, VE 100 IU/kg diet and 20% Met higher than other groups (diet 5). The Met content in diet 1 to diet 4 were as per the requirement suggested by NRC. Separate vitamin premixes were prepared for each treatment diet as per the requirement of study. The 35 d study revealed significantly (p
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