Background In this report the phytochemical profile of Nitraria. Retusa (N. Retusa) leaf extracts... more Background In this report the phytochemical profile of Nitraria. Retusa (N. Retusa) leaf extracts were identified and their ability to induce apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia (K562) was evaluated. Methods Apoptosis of the human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia (K562) was evidenced by investigating DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and caspases 3 and 8 inducing activities, in the presence of N. retusa extracts. Results Our study revealed that the tested extracts from N. Retusa contain many useful bioactive compounds. They induced in a time-dependent manner the apoptosis the tested cancerous our cell line. This result was confirmed by ladder DNA fragmentation profile and PARP cleavage, as well as a release in caspase-3 and caspase-8 level. Conclusion Our results indicate that the tested compounds have a significant antiproliferative effect which may be due to their involvement in the induction of the extrinsic apoptosic pathway.
The purpose of this study was to assess the antitumoral effect of the methanol extract (MeOH) fro... more The purpose of this study was to assess the antitumoral effect of the methanol extract (MeOH) from Nitraria retusa leaves and to investigate its immunomodulatory activity that mediated the prevention of tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice. Balb/c mice weighing 18-20 g were subcutaneously implanted with B16-F10 cells then injected intra-peritoneally, 7 days later with (200 mg/kg bw) of MeOH extract, for 21 days. After euthanization on day 21, the tumors were weighed. Lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and NK activity were evaluated using the MTT assay. Macrophage phagocytosis was studied by measuring their lysosomal activity and nitric oxide production. The methanol extract inhibited significantly the growth of the implanted tumor, and increased remarkably splenocyte proliferation as well as NK and CTL activities, in tumor-bearing mice. It also promoted lysosomal activity of treated animal macrophages. Our findings suggest that antitumoral effect of MeOH extract is related with to immunomodulatory activity.
ABSTRACT Nitraria retusa leaf extracts have been investigated for their ability to induce antioxi... more ABSTRACT Nitraria retusa leaf extracts have been investigated for their ability to induce antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects in a human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of N. retusa products were explored using antioxidant and the assays, respectively. Hex, Chl and MeOH extracts decreased oxidation induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride in human cells, with IC50 concentrations of 0.6, 0.52 and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively, reflecting significant antioxidant potential. The same products inhibited the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals in the same human cell line, by 67% at 600 µg/mL, 74% at 780 µg/mL and 81.5% at 800 µg/mL, respectively.
The extract enriched in total oligomer flavonoids (TOF), and the aqueous, methanol, and ethyl ace... more The extract enriched in total oligomer flavonoids (TOF), and the aqueous, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Acacia salicina were investigated for their polyphenolic compound content, antioxidative activity in the nitro blue tetrazolium/riboflavin assay system, antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial reference strains, antigenotoxic activity tested with the Ames assay, and cytotoxic activity against the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line and L1210 leukemia murine cells. TOF extract was effective at inhibiting nitro blue tetrazolium reduction by superoxide radical in a nonenzymatic O(2)(*-)-generating system. Significant activity against bacterial reference strains Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium was shown with all the tested extracts. These extracts significantly decreased the genotoxicity induced by sodium azide and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. A pronounced cytotoxic effect on both leukemia cell lines was detected in TOF, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and cytotoxic activities exhibited by A. salicina depended on the chemical composition of the tested extracts.
Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Phlomis mauritanica: lyophilized infusion, total o... more Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Phlomis mauritanica: lyophilized infusion, total oligomer flavonoids, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts. The antimutagenic properties of these extracts were investigated by assessing the inhibition of the mutagenic effects of direct-acting mutagens such as sodium azide and 4-nitrophenylenediamine and indirect-acting mutagens like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using the Ames assay. The four extracts prepared from P. mauritanica strongly inhibit the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 in both Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 assay systems. Lyophilized infusion and methanol extracts at the dose of 250 microg per plate reduced AFB1 mutagenicity by 93% and 91%, respectively, in S. typhymurium strain TA 100. We examined also the antioxidant effect of these extracts by the enzymatic xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay. Result indicated that total oligomer flavonoids and ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase activity. In contrast, lyophilized infusion, total oligomer flavonoids, and methanol extracts exhibited a high degree of superoxide anion scavenging. Our findings emphasize the potential of P. mauritanica extracts to prevent mutations and oxidant effects. Furthermore, the results presented here could be an additional argument to support the use of this species as a medicinal and dietary plant.
The present study was undertaken to provide a set of data on the safety of an aqueous extract (AQ... more The present study was undertaken to provide a set of data on the safety of an aqueous extract (AQE) from Moricandia arvensis. For this reason, Escherichia coli tested strains PQ35 and PQ37 were used to detect induction of DNA lesions by AQE. The SOS Chromotest showed that AQE induced a marginally genotoxic effect, as expressed by the induction factor (IF) value only with E. coli PQ37 tested strain (IF=1.77 at a dose of 250 microg/assay). The measurement of the anti-genotoxic activity of the AQE was also studied by inhibition of beta-galactosidase induction. A significant anti-genotoxic effect was observed with different tested doses of AQE, which suggests that M. arvensis extract has the potential to protect DNA from the action of nitrofurantoïn (NF) and free radicals generated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition to anti-genotoxic activity, AQE showed a free-radical-scavenging capacity towards ABTS+* and DPPH*. Total phenolic content was also evaluated following Folin-Ciocalteu method and results indicated high correlation between total phenol content and anti-genotoxic and antioxidant activities for AQE, but the highest correlation was showed with its capacity to stabilize ABTS+* (R2=0.9944).
The effect of extracts obtained from Teucrium ramosissimum leaves on genotoxicity and SOS respons... more The effect of extracts obtained from Teucrium ramosissimum leaves on genotoxicity and SOS response induced by aflatoxin B(1) (0.5 μg/assay) as well as nitrofurantoin (5 μg/assay) was investigated in a bacterial assay system, i.e., the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The T. ramosissimum tested extracts exhibited no genotoxicity either with or without the external S9 activation mixture. However, all the extracts, particularly the total oligomers flavonoids (TOF) extract significantly decreased the genotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B(1) and nitrofurantoin. Antioxidant capacity of the tested extracts was evaluated using the enzymatic (xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay) (X/XOD) and the non-enzymatic (NBT/Riboflavine assay) systems. TOF extract was the most effective one in inhibiting both xanthine oxidase activity and NBT reduction. Our findings emphasize the potential of T. ramosissimum to prevent mutations and also its antioxidant effect.
Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Nitraria retusa; methanol, ethyl acetate, chlorofo... more Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Nitraria retusa; methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts. An assay for the ability of these extracts to prevent mutations induced by various oxidants in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA 104 strains was conducted. These extracts from leaf parts of N. retusa showed no mutagenicity either with or without the metabolic enzyme preparation (microsome fraction). The highest protection against methylmethanesulfonate induced mutagenicity was observed with chloroform and methanol extracts with inhibition percentages of 44.93% (at 50 microg/plate in the presence of TA102 strain) and 38% (at 10 microg/plate in the presence of TA104 strain), respectively. Whereas Hexane and chloroform extracts reduced the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminoanthracene by 83.4% (using the S. typhimurium TA104 assay system) and 65.3% (using the S. typhimurium TA 102 assay system), respectively. Antioxidant activity of N. retusa extracts was determined by the ability of each extract to protect plasmid DNA against strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals. Chloroform extract exhibited the highest ability to protect plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radical induced DNA damages and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, with 0.95mM trolox equivalent when tested by the ferric reducing/antioxidant method.
For centuries, plants have been used in traditional medicines, and there has been recent interest... more For centuries, plants have been used in traditional medicines, and there has been recent interest in the chemopreventive properties of compounds derived from plants. In the present study, we investigated the free-radical-scavenging, antioxidant, and antimutagenic potential of polar extracts from Phlomis crinita Cav. flowers. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol extracts were prepared from powdered Phlomis flowers and characterized for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, iridoids, sterols, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones. All the extracts showed increased activity in scavenging the ABTS free radical, but only ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were active in scavenging the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. In addition, all the extracts significantly decreased the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminoanthracene in the presence of a metabolizing homogenate (S9) and methyl methane sulfonate in the absence of metabolizing system, using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA104. The present study indicates that extracts of P. crinita flowers are a significant source of compounds with antigenotoxic and antioxidant activity (most likely phenolic compounds) and thus may be useful candidates for chemoprevention studies.
This study evaluates genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of extracts from leaves of Moricandia ar... more This study evaluates genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of extracts from leaves of Moricandia arvensis, which are used in traditional cooking and medicines. Extracts showed no genotoxicity when tested with the SOS Chromotest using E. coli PQ37 and PQ35 strains, except for the ...
The lyophilized infusion, the methanol, the ethyl acetate, and the total oligomer flavonoid (TOF)... more The lyophilized infusion, the methanol, the ethyl acetate, and the total oligomer flavonoid (TOF)-enriched extracts prepared from the dried leaves of Phlomis crinita Cav. ssp. mauritanica Munby were investigated for the contents of flavonoids, tannins, coumarines and steroids. Antibacterial activity was investigated toward five bacterial strains. An inhibitory effect was observed against Staphyllococcus aureus and Enterococcus feacalis, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 5 mg/mL of extract. The tested extracts exhibit an important free radical scavenging activity toward the 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical; with IC(50) values of 30.5, 6, 32, and 31.5 microg/mL, respectively, in the presence of lyophilized infusion, the TOF, the methanol, and the ethyl acetate extracts. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of the different extracts were studied by using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The lyophilized infusion and TOF extracts obtained from P. crinita ssp. mauritanica showed no genotoxicity, whereas methanol and ethyl acetate extracts are considered as marginally genotoxic. On the other hand, we showed that each extract inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (10 microg/assay) and nifuroxazide (NF) (10 microg/assay). The ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest level of protection toward the genotoxicity induced by both directly and indirectly genotoxic NF and AFB1. These tests proved that the lyophilized infusion possesses an antiradical activity likewise, it showed no genotoxic effect; that is why we choose this extract to assess its antiulcerogenic activity by using an ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis model in the rat. This test demonstrates that 300 mg/kg of a P. crinita ssp. mauritanica lyophilized infusion was more effective than the reference compound, cimetidine.
Background In this report the phytochemical profile of Nitraria. Retusa (N. Retusa) leaf extracts... more Background In this report the phytochemical profile of Nitraria. Retusa (N. Retusa) leaf extracts were identified and their ability to induce apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia (K562) was evaluated. Methods Apoptosis of the human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia (K562) was evidenced by investigating DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and caspases 3 and 8 inducing activities, in the presence of N. retusa extracts. Results Our study revealed that the tested extracts from N. Retusa contain many useful bioactive compounds. They induced in a time-dependent manner the apoptosis the tested cancerous our cell line. This result was confirmed by ladder DNA fragmentation profile and PARP cleavage, as well as a release in caspase-3 and caspase-8 level. Conclusion Our results indicate that the tested compounds have a significant antiproliferative effect which may be due to their involvement in the induction of the extrinsic apoptosic pathway.
The purpose of this study was to assess the antitumoral effect of the methanol extract (MeOH) fro... more The purpose of this study was to assess the antitumoral effect of the methanol extract (MeOH) from Nitraria retusa leaves and to investigate its immunomodulatory activity that mediated the prevention of tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice. Balb/c mice weighing 18-20 g were subcutaneously implanted with B16-F10 cells then injected intra-peritoneally, 7 days later with (200 mg/kg bw) of MeOH extract, for 21 days. After euthanization on day 21, the tumors were weighed. Lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and NK activity were evaluated using the MTT assay. Macrophage phagocytosis was studied by measuring their lysosomal activity and nitric oxide production. The methanol extract inhibited significantly the growth of the implanted tumor, and increased remarkably splenocyte proliferation as well as NK and CTL activities, in tumor-bearing mice. It also promoted lysosomal activity of treated animal macrophages. Our findings suggest that antitumoral effect of MeOH extract is related with to immunomodulatory activity.
ABSTRACT Nitraria retusa leaf extracts have been investigated for their ability to induce antioxi... more ABSTRACT Nitraria retusa leaf extracts have been investigated for their ability to induce antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects in a human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of N. retusa products were explored using antioxidant and the assays, respectively. Hex, Chl and MeOH extracts decreased oxidation induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride in human cells, with IC50 concentrations of 0.6, 0.52 and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively, reflecting significant antioxidant potential. The same products inhibited the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals in the same human cell line, by 67% at 600 µg/mL, 74% at 780 µg/mL and 81.5% at 800 µg/mL, respectively.
The extract enriched in total oligomer flavonoids (TOF), and the aqueous, methanol, and ethyl ace... more The extract enriched in total oligomer flavonoids (TOF), and the aqueous, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Acacia salicina were investigated for their polyphenolic compound content, antioxidative activity in the nitro blue tetrazolium/riboflavin assay system, antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial reference strains, antigenotoxic activity tested with the Ames assay, and cytotoxic activity against the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line and L1210 leukemia murine cells. TOF extract was effective at inhibiting nitro blue tetrazolium reduction by superoxide radical in a nonenzymatic O(2)(*-)-generating system. Significant activity against bacterial reference strains Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium was shown with all the tested extracts. These extracts significantly decreased the genotoxicity induced by sodium azide and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. A pronounced cytotoxic effect on both leukemia cell lines was detected in TOF, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and cytotoxic activities exhibited by A. salicina depended on the chemical composition of the tested extracts.
Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Phlomis mauritanica: lyophilized infusion, total o... more Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Phlomis mauritanica: lyophilized infusion, total oligomer flavonoids, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts. The antimutagenic properties of these extracts were investigated by assessing the inhibition of the mutagenic effects of direct-acting mutagens such as sodium azide and 4-nitrophenylenediamine and indirect-acting mutagens like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using the Ames assay. The four extracts prepared from P. mauritanica strongly inhibit the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 in both Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 assay systems. Lyophilized infusion and methanol extracts at the dose of 250 microg per plate reduced AFB1 mutagenicity by 93% and 91%, respectively, in S. typhymurium strain TA 100. We examined also the antioxidant effect of these extracts by the enzymatic xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay. Result indicated that total oligomer flavonoids and ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase activity. In contrast, lyophilized infusion, total oligomer flavonoids, and methanol extracts exhibited a high degree of superoxide anion scavenging. Our findings emphasize the potential of P. mauritanica extracts to prevent mutations and oxidant effects. Furthermore, the results presented here could be an additional argument to support the use of this species as a medicinal and dietary plant.
The present study was undertaken to provide a set of data on the safety of an aqueous extract (AQ... more The present study was undertaken to provide a set of data on the safety of an aqueous extract (AQE) from Moricandia arvensis. For this reason, Escherichia coli tested strains PQ35 and PQ37 were used to detect induction of DNA lesions by AQE. The SOS Chromotest showed that AQE induced a marginally genotoxic effect, as expressed by the induction factor (IF) value only with E. coli PQ37 tested strain (IF=1.77 at a dose of 250 microg/assay). The measurement of the anti-genotoxic activity of the AQE was also studied by inhibition of beta-galactosidase induction. A significant anti-genotoxic effect was observed with different tested doses of AQE, which suggests that M. arvensis extract has the potential to protect DNA from the action of nitrofurantoïn (NF) and free radicals generated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition to anti-genotoxic activity, AQE showed a free-radical-scavenging capacity towards ABTS+* and DPPH*. Total phenolic content was also evaluated following Folin-Ciocalteu method and results indicated high correlation between total phenol content and anti-genotoxic and antioxidant activities for AQE, but the highest correlation was showed with its capacity to stabilize ABTS+* (R2=0.9944).
The effect of extracts obtained from Teucrium ramosissimum leaves on genotoxicity and SOS respons... more The effect of extracts obtained from Teucrium ramosissimum leaves on genotoxicity and SOS response induced by aflatoxin B(1) (0.5 μg/assay) as well as nitrofurantoin (5 μg/assay) was investigated in a bacterial assay system, i.e., the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The T. ramosissimum tested extracts exhibited no genotoxicity either with or without the external S9 activation mixture. However, all the extracts, particularly the total oligomers flavonoids (TOF) extract significantly decreased the genotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B(1) and nitrofurantoin. Antioxidant capacity of the tested extracts was evaluated using the enzymatic (xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay) (X/XOD) and the non-enzymatic (NBT/Riboflavine assay) systems. TOF extract was the most effective one in inhibiting both xanthine oxidase activity and NBT reduction. Our findings emphasize the potential of T. ramosissimum to prevent mutations and also its antioxidant effect.
Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Nitraria retusa; methanol, ethyl acetate, chlorofo... more Four extracts were prepared from the leaves of Nitraria retusa; methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts. An assay for the ability of these extracts to prevent mutations induced by various oxidants in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA 104 strains was conducted. These extracts from leaf parts of N. retusa showed no mutagenicity either with or without the metabolic enzyme preparation (microsome fraction). The highest protection against methylmethanesulfonate induced mutagenicity was observed with chloroform and methanol extracts with inhibition percentages of 44.93% (at 50 microg/plate in the presence of TA102 strain) and 38% (at 10 microg/plate in the presence of TA104 strain), respectively. Whereas Hexane and chloroform extracts reduced the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminoanthracene by 83.4% (using the S. typhimurium TA104 assay system) and 65.3% (using the S. typhimurium TA 102 assay system), respectively. Antioxidant activity of N. retusa extracts was determined by the ability of each extract to protect plasmid DNA against strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals. Chloroform extract exhibited the highest ability to protect plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radical induced DNA damages and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, with 0.95mM trolox equivalent when tested by the ferric reducing/antioxidant method.
For centuries, plants have been used in traditional medicines, and there has been recent interest... more For centuries, plants have been used in traditional medicines, and there has been recent interest in the chemopreventive properties of compounds derived from plants. In the present study, we investigated the free-radical-scavenging, antioxidant, and antimutagenic potential of polar extracts from Phlomis crinita Cav. flowers. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol extracts were prepared from powdered Phlomis flowers and characterized for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, iridoids, sterols, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones. All the extracts showed increased activity in scavenging the ABTS free radical, but only ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were active in scavenging the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. In addition, all the extracts significantly decreased the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminoanthracene in the presence of a metabolizing homogenate (S9) and methyl methane sulfonate in the absence of metabolizing system, using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA104. The present study indicates that extracts of P. crinita flowers are a significant source of compounds with antigenotoxic and antioxidant activity (most likely phenolic compounds) and thus may be useful candidates for chemoprevention studies.
This study evaluates genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of extracts from leaves of Moricandia ar... more This study evaluates genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of extracts from leaves of Moricandia arvensis, which are used in traditional cooking and medicines. Extracts showed no genotoxicity when tested with the SOS Chromotest using E. coli PQ37 and PQ35 strains, except for the ...
The lyophilized infusion, the methanol, the ethyl acetate, and the total oligomer flavonoid (TOF)... more The lyophilized infusion, the methanol, the ethyl acetate, and the total oligomer flavonoid (TOF)-enriched extracts prepared from the dried leaves of Phlomis crinita Cav. ssp. mauritanica Munby were investigated for the contents of flavonoids, tannins, coumarines and steroids. Antibacterial activity was investigated toward five bacterial strains. An inhibitory effect was observed against Staphyllococcus aureus and Enterococcus feacalis, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 5 mg/mL of extract. The tested extracts exhibit an important free radical scavenging activity toward the 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical; with IC(50) values of 30.5, 6, 32, and 31.5 microg/mL, respectively, in the presence of lyophilized infusion, the TOF, the methanol, and the ethyl acetate extracts. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of the different extracts were studied by using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The lyophilized infusion and TOF extracts obtained from P. crinita ssp. mauritanica showed no genotoxicity, whereas methanol and ethyl acetate extracts are considered as marginally genotoxic. On the other hand, we showed that each extract inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (10 microg/assay) and nifuroxazide (NF) (10 microg/assay). The ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest level of protection toward the genotoxicity induced by both directly and indirectly genotoxic NF and AFB1. These tests proved that the lyophilized infusion possesses an antiradical activity likewise, it showed no genotoxic effect; that is why we choose this extract to assess its antiulcerogenic activity by using an ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis model in the rat. This test demonstrates that 300 mg/kg of a P. crinita ssp. mauritanica lyophilized infusion was more effective than the reference compound, cimetidine.
Uploads
Papers by Jihed Boubaker