Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion (JHEHP) is an international, quarterly, peer reviewed journal that aims to receive and publish high quality scientific papers involved in environmental health, public health, occupational health, and food hygiene from the scientists around the world. This academic journal published free of charge in both online and print forms, and welcomes manuscripts that meet the general criteria of novelty and scientific importance. One of the most important objectives of the JHEHP is to ensure that the papers reflect a wide range of topics regarding journal scopes; perform a fair, scientific, fast, as well as high quality peer review process; providing a wide and varied geographical coverage of articles worldwide; and publishing articles that have a reliable source of scientific information for the audience. Acceptable types of submissions include original article, review articles, short communication, case report, letter to the editor, editorial and book review on the journal's scopes research areas. JHEHP is an open access journal under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which allows users to read, download, copy, distribute, print or link to the full text of articles and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: This research investigated the effects of various iron fertilizers and the introducti... more Background: This research investigated the effects of various iron fertilizers and the introduction of Piriformospora indica (P. indica) fungus on the biodegradation of diesel oil in soil experiencing water deficiency. Methods: The treatments included applying pure Fe at rates of 0, 60, and 90 kg/ha, derived from Fe sulfate (FeSO4) and Fe slag (containing 58.2 % Fe2O3), in a diesel oilcontaminated soil with concentrations of 0 % and 8 % (W/W). These treatments were implemented in a corn plant cultivation system, where the plants were inoculated with P.indica fungus under conditions of drought stress. After 90 days, the plant and soil Fe concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Furthermore, the extent of diesel oil bio-degradation in the soil was assessed. Results: Applying 90 kg/ha pure Fe from Fe sulfate and Fe slag significantly enhanced the bio-degradation of diesel oil in the soil by 13.2 and 16.1 %, respectively. However, the efficiency of this process was lower under drought-stress conditions. In addition, Plant inoculation with P.indica significantly enhanced the diesel oil bio-degradation of the soil contaminated with 8 % (W/W) diesel oil under drought stress by 15.7 %. Moreover, the soil microbial activity was significantly increased by 14.1 %. Conclusion: The combined use of P.indica, along with iron slag and iron sulfate, markedly enhances the biodegradation process of diesel oil within the soil.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The advent of industrialization and the invention of the automobile have increased tr... more Background: The advent of industrialization and the invention of the automobile have increased traffic accidents, impacting the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of the safe driving self-efficacy tool using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factors extracted from the exploratory factor analysis stage and also to evaluate the reliability of this tool. Methods: This study involved 600 individuals residing in Tabriz, aged 20-50 years. The questionnaire utilized in this study was a researcher-made tool and evaluated for structural validity, goodness-of-fit, and internal consistency. Construct validity was tested using the first and second-order CFA using AMOS23 software. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α > 0.7). Results: The study analyzed 589 questionnaires from 600 participants, with a mean age of 35.04 years (SD = 8.367). The majority of respondents had a driving experience and a history of traffic accidents, primarily within urban areas. The CFA also confirmed five factors with 42 questions, which showed positive results. The value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all factors was more than 0.7. Conclusion: Out of the 60 items in the questionnaire, 42 items were confirmed with appropriate goodness-of-fit indicators. The amalgamation of these constructs within the model effectively measures the concept of safe driving self-efficacy, thereby establishing the tool's reliability. As a result, this survey can serve as a valuable benchmark for evaluating individuals' self-efficacy concerning safe driving practices. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Tabriz Drivers' Self-Efficacy Aghapour A, et al.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Environmental performance indexes are numerical values that provide insights into the... more Background: Environmental performance indexes are numerical values that provide insights into the condition of the environment and human health. This study focuses on the use of the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as a multidimensional tool for measuring environmental performance and health in mining companies. The application of SBSC is crucial in guiding mining companies towards sustainable development and human health objectives. Methods: Based on the literature and research background, 75 initial indicators were examined. Subsequently, 28 indicators were selected as final indicators. The Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) method was used for weighting and ranking the perspectives of the SBSC. Additionally, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was designed and distributed among the experts. Results: The research findings demonstrated that among various perspectives of the SBSC, the "growth and learning" perspective had the highest average weight of 0.48, indicating its superiority over other perspectives. The "society" perspective ranked second, with an average weight of 0.24, while the "environment and health" perspective ranked third, with an average weight of 0.22. Finally, the "economy" perspective ranked fourth with an average weight of 0.16 compared with the other perspectives. Conclusion: The primary objective of the present study was to identify, prioritise, and assess the aspects that influence sustainability, and after that provide a complete framework for evaluating sustainability performance in the mining industry. To achieve this, a sophisticated theoretical framework called SBSC was introduced. This framework provides a strong means of measuring and evaluating sustainable performance in mining and related sectors.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Mental health literacy (MHL) is an important determinant of mental health and influen... more Background: Mental health literacy (MHL) is an important determinant of mental health and influences individuals' decisions to seek mental health services. This study aimed to investigate the level of MHL in women referring to health centers in Khodabandeh, Zanjan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, involving 599 women of reproductive age in Khodabande, Zanjan. The data were collected using the Persian version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) and analyzed using SPSS 23 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: The participants' mean age was 30.47 (± 7.8). The MHL mean score was 81.53 (± 12.47). There was a statistically significant difference in MHL scores based on marital status, education level, income status, and employment status (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found based on age (P > 0.05). The main sources of information about mental health were the Internet and social networks, radio and TV programs, and mental health professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the MHL level among the women participating in the study was at a medium level. Therefore, implementing educational intervention programs can effectively improve women's MHL and ultimately improve their access to mental health services.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of incorporating four different dietar... more Background: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of incorporating four different dietary fibers, namely orange fiber (OF), wheat fiber (WF), bamboo fiber (BF), and carrot fiber (CF), on the physico-chemical properties of mortadella sausage. Methods: The physical and chemical properties of the formulated mortadella sausages were assessed by measuring water activity (aw), pH, color, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) parameters. Results: The presence of fibers had negative effects on the aw measurements of the products, while pH values were less influenced. The analysis of color revealed that the treated sausages exhibited higher levels of lightness and yellowness, and lower levels of redness compared to the control group. Among the various fibers, OF made more changes than other fibers on product attributes at the end of the storage period with the following scores (P ≤ 0.05): pH (6.22), a* (4.84), b* (13.68), L* (67.76), whiteness Index (6.4.64), ΔE (6.24), and TBARs value (4.6 mg MDA/kg sample). Conclusion: The lipid stability examinations revealed that while all of the fibers could hinder the progress of oxidation, OF was more efficient (P < 0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that OF has the suitable potential to be formulated in mortadella sausage.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Lophomonas blattarum is a newly reported opportunistic protozoan parasite that may ca... more Background: Lophomonas blattarum is a newly reported opportunistic protozoan parasite that may cause pulmonary infections. Co-morbidity of this parasite and pulmonary viral infections, such as COVID-19 may exacerbate their pathological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of L. blattarum infection in patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods: In this study, mini bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples were taken from 93 patients with acute pneumonia due to COVID-19 infection in 2021. The samples were subjected to microscopic examination for the presence of L. blattarum, following smear preparation and staining with two specific methods of Giemsa and Papanicolao. Results: The patients included 49 males and 44 females with a mean age of 68.8 ± 14.8 years. Of the specimens studied after staining, only one specimen (1.08%) was positive for L. blattarum. It was found in a patient with diabetic underlying disease. Conclusion: It was concluded that the infection of L. blattarum in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia was low. However, the presence of this parasite in this group of patients should not be neglected. This is the first report of pulmonary infection with this protozoan parasite in Zanjan Province.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is employed in various forms, ranging from nano to macro, in ... more Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is employed in various forms, ranging from nano to macro, in food products and packaging to prolong shelf life. However, recent research has shown potential health risks associated with its use. This review investigates the health implications of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in food packaging or additives, while also examining TiO2's antimicrobial properties and related mechanisms. Methods: The research extensively explored TiO2 NPs' generation methods and antimicrobial potential, especially in the context of food packaging and cosmetics. A systematic search was conducted using Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant sources. A total of 97 sources were selected from 150, without date restrictions. These references, spanning 1972 to 2023, encompass diverse full-text English materials, including reviews, original research, conferences, handbooks, and book chapters. Results: Nanotechnology, specifically TiO2 NPs, enhances food packaging for safety and sustainability. Innovations such as reinforced, active, and biodegradable packaging have emerged to address industry challenges, improving mechanical performance and extending shelf life. However, despite the benefits, concerns about the health and environmental implications of TiO2 NPs have prompted regulatory reassessment. Conclusion: Addressing concerns about TiO2 NPs in food packaging is crucial due to potential health and environmental risks. The recent ban imposed by the European Union on TiO2 (E171) underscores the need for ongoing research and scrutiny to ensure the safe integration of nanotechnology in food packaging.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The coronavirus resulted in a global pandemic and infected millions of people worldwi... more Background: The coronavirus resulted in a global pandemic and infected millions of people worldwide in 2019. The number of chest CT scans significantly increased due to the virus's effect on the upper respiratory tract. This retrospective cross-sectional analytic study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 effect on the number of chest CT scans and to estimate the probability of radiation-induced cancers as a result of the incremental number of scans in hospitals in Zanjan, Iran. Methods: This study included all chest CT scans performed during a three-month period before the pandemic (2019) and the pandemic (2020). In 2020, the scans were meticulously examined for COVID-19 signs, and relevant epidemiological and dosimetric factors were recorded to calculate the risk of radiation-induced cancer using the IRCP103. Results: The results reveal a four-fold increase in the number of scans in 2020, with 9095 scans compared to 2235 in 2019. Patients referred for a chest CT scan during the COVID-19 outbreak were significantly younger. Although the Dose-length Product (DLP) decreased in 2020, the anticipated number of new cases of radiation-induced cancers exhibited an approximately four-fold increase for different organs in the thorax region. Also, 55.6 % of CT scans were considered normal in 2020. Conclusion: The current study shows that the high probability of radiation-induced cancers should be considered the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer Risk of COVID-19 Chest CT Scans Chehre H, et al.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the ergonomics of the office workplace and determine the... more Background: This study aimed to evaluate the ergonomics of the office workplace and determine the cutoff point of the workstation layout checklist (WSLC) and the work posture checklist (WPC) of computer users. Methods: The descriptive-analytical was performed among 200 office staff willing to cooperate at the university. To collect data and evaluate workstations and the posture of employees, the WSLC and WPC were used, respectively. The ROC curve was used to determine the cut point of the final score of the checklists. Results: The optimal cutoff point value for the WSLC was 14.5 (sensitivity = 91.2, specificity = 77.8, and area under the curve = 0.89). Similarly, the best cutoff point value for the WPC was identified as 8.5, with a sensitivity of 93.9, specificity of 71.8, and area under the curve of 0.88. The evaluation results showed that 25 % of the workstations and 32 % of the working postures of the employees were at an undesirable level. Conclusion: Determining the cutoff point for valid WSLC and WPC plays a crucial role in evaluating the cost, facilitation, speed, and repetition associated with office workplaces, thereby categorizing them as either desirable or undesirable. A quarter of the workstations and a third of the working postures of the employees were evaluated as undesirable.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals’ health. The objective of this study was to ... more Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals’ health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of Pb pollution in the cities of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces by measuring Pb concentrations in the blood of brown rats, which serve as omnivorous bioindicators living in the same habitat as humans.
Methods: Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar.
Conclusion: The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals' health. The objective of this study was to ... more Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals' health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of Pb pollution in the cities of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces by measuring Pb concentrations in the bloods of brown rats, which serve as omnivorous bioindicators living in the same habitat as humans. Methods: Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar. Conclusion: The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Assessing the changes in public attitudes toward pandemics is crucial in adapting pub... more Background: Assessing the changes in public attitudes toward pandemics is crucial in adapting public health strategies to changing circumstances. This study aims to assess the community's attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic using the Social Profile Ratio (SPR) method among different occupational groups in Ardabil province. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional survey design, this research assessed the attitudes of 230 respondents toward the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020. Then, the standard SPR method, along with the Index of Resolution (IR), was utilized to analyze the SPR scores, considering different aspects (prevention, control, treatment, and impacts) of the pandemic. Results: According to the SPR values, the occupational groups had different points of view. The highest life expectancy (30 years) was attributed to employees, students, collegians, and instructors. Notably, employees and university professors had the highest SPR and IR values (9.343 and 1) for the prevention indicator. Regarding the control indicator, the unemployed and university professors had SPR and IR values of 5.36 and 0.733, respectively. The highest SPR value of 44.11 in terms of treatment was attributed to employees, while students had the highest SPR value of 10.03 in terms of impact indicator. Conclusion: The study identified employees, university professors, and the unemployed as the most effective groups across prevention, control, treatment, and impact indicators. Determining the Community Attitude SPR Kateb F, et al.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: During the early days of COVID-19 pandemic, due to the shortage of N95 respirators in... more Background: During the early days of COVID-19 pandemic, due to the shortage of N95 respirators in hospitals and healthcare centers, the reuse of N95 respirators was posed as a crisis capacity strategy. Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of various decontamination methods on N95 respirators of well-known and approved brands. However, fundamental question is whether decontamination and reuse methods can be applied to all types of respirators. Methods: Six types of respirators were selected from well-known and lesser-known brands which their manufacturers claimed to be N95. The selected respirators decontaminated with dry heat, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, and ethylene oxide methods in seven consecutive cycles and their particle filtration efficiency and pressure drop were measured before and after each decontamination cycle. Results: As the initial measurements revealed, 4 respirators (group A) showed a sharp drop in efficiency and also, negative efficiency in removing 2.5 and 4 µm particles in most of the experiments. In these respirators (group A), the maximum efficiency in removing 0.5 µm particles was 74.4 %, while the last two respirators (group B) achieved an efficiency of 98 %. Subsequent experiments following the decontamination process revealed that the non-authentic N95 respirators within group A which were not resistant to decontamination. However, the second group demonstrated a removal rate of over 95 % of particles ranging from 0.5 to 10 µm after six consecutive decontamination cycles using all three methods. The results demonstrated that ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and ethylene oxide methods could eradicate the covid-19 virus from respirators. Conclusion: The results indicated that decontamination can be successfully applied to original N95 respirators, not low-quality respirators, even under critical conditions.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: This study investigates consumer behavior in chronic disease management, specifically... more Background: This study investigates consumer behavior in chronic disease management, specifically type 2 diabetes. Adherence to disciplined disease management is critical for individuals affected by this condition. We explore how patient attitudes and behaviors are influenced by their environment and resources, including family support, medical guidance, emotions, habits, and self-efficacy. This research aims to provide insights into promoting discipline and positive behaviors in consumers managing lifelong chronic illness. Methods: To achieve our research objectives, we employed a Glaserian grounded theory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as their family members. Theoretical sampling was used to elucidate the role of social interactions in influencing adherence. Results: The analysis of the collected data yielded three core categories that represent the spectrum of consumer discipline: indiscipline, disrupted discipline, and absolute discipline. The section on disrupted discipline highlights how disruptions in patients’ interactions with their families and healthcare professionals impact their discipline. Conclusion: Consumer discipline involves a dynamic interplay between the individual and their immediate environment. This study examines the influence of familial and medical support as key mediating factors in shaping consumer health behavior. Drawing on cognitive and emotional capacities, habits, and self-efficacy, consumer disciplinary practices are shaped through a diverse range of personal and social resources. By recognizing the intermediary roles of family members and healthcare providers, policymakers can gain valuable insights to inform efforts aimed at enhancing self-discipline and ultimately improving public health outcomes.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy products results from the ingestion of f... more Background: The presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy products results from the ingestion of feedstuffs contaminated with aflatoxin B1 by ruminants. The current study aimed to determine the AFM1 concentration in commercial pasteurized cow milk samples obtained from the Iranian market. Methods: A total of 54 pasteurized cow milk samples, manufactured between January and April 2019, were purchased from different cities in Iran, including Tehran, Isfahan,
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: As cities are the focus of health services and diseases, it is noteworthy that two-th... more Background: As cities are the focus of health services and diseases, it is noteworthy that two-thirds of the global population affected by diabetes, totaling 415 million individuals, live in urban areas. Consequently, cities have become the main centers of health interventions aimed at reducing the growing curve of diabetes. The current study aims to investigate the effect of urban factors on the prevalence of diabetes, with a particular focus on the spatial and spatial differences in Zanjan City, with an applied developmental goal. Methods: The current study employs a descriptive survey method. Geographic information systems (GIS) have been used to understand the spatial difference in the incidence of diabetes. For this purpose, after collecting information, a database was created in ArcCatalog, and spatial statistics tools in ArcMap. Results: The analysis, supported by Movaren's index with a coefficient of 1.64 confirms the presence of special clusters in diabetes distribution within Zanjan City. Cold spots, indicating lower prevalence, are centered in the southern and southwestern regions, while higher incidence is observed in the northeastern and northwestern parts of the city, with a statistically significant confidence level of 99 %. The regression results also show a strong and positive relationship between certain occupational sectors, such as art and entertainment (coefficient of 2.5), transportation (coefficient of 3.5), and the food industry (coefficient of 2.01) with this disease. In terms of the spatial distribution of diabetes, there is a significant relationship. A strong and positive correlation at the 99 % confidence level can be seen in Darmangah, Shahrak Shahada, and Qeysarieh. Conclusion: The findings of the present study underscore the existence of a cluster pattern in the occurrence of diabetes within Zanjan City.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Today, chronic diseases have spread all over the world. The World Health Organization... more Background: Today, chronic diseases have spread all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions air pollution as the biggest environmental health hazard, attributing 7 million premature deaths every year to this pollution, which includes suspended particles and gases with concentrations that are detrimental to human health. Factors of interest in this field are micrometer diameter particles, tropospheric ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The purpose of this research is to increase public awareness of air pollution and its side effects on different parts of the digestive system. Methods: A narrative review was done using several databases, including PubMed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published from 1990-2021 were identified. Results: Globally, ecological studies have demonstrated a relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and several gastrointestinal diseases. Conclusion: The results of these studies showed that pollutants have a direct effect on the increased prevalence and number of cases of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The results of this research can inform policymakers in making comprehensive decisions to solve the problem, individuals who are exposed to pollutants, and the public in raising awareness and promoting the use of protective equipment.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2023
Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an alginate coating containing pepp... more Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an alginate coating containing peppermint essential oil (PEO) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157: H7 inoculated on beef fillets and subsequently stored at a temperature of 4 ± 1 °C for 12 days. Methods: Beef fillet samples were divided into four groups: CON group (without any coating solution), ALG group (coated with alginate solution), ALG + PEO group (coated with alginate solution containing 0.1 % (w/v) PEO), and ALG + SLN-PEO group (with alginate solution in combination SLN containing 0.1 % (w/v) PEO). The samples were then analyzed for the presence of inoculated E. coli O157: H7 and S. Typhimurium during refrigerated storage. Results: The ALG + SLN-PEO coating had a larger impact in controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria on beef fillets compared to the other treatment groups. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the ALG + SLN-PEO coating could potentially be used in the food industry to reduce the risks associated with contamination of beef fillets by E. coli O157: H7 and S. Typhimurium.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2023
Background: This study aimed to evaluate microbial counts of beverage samples fermented using kom... more Background: This study aimed to evaluate microbial counts of beverage samples fermented using kombucha, including total acetic acid bacteria (AAB), total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and total microbial count (TMC). Methods: A fermented orange beverage was produced using yogurt whey at three different concentrations (0 %, 10 %, and 20 % v/v) and kombucha at four different concentrations (1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 % w/v) as the starter culture. Next, the microbial counts of the produced samples were evaluated at the end of the incubation and during cold storage at 4 ℃. The results were expressed as log CFU/mL. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in the viability of AAB, TMC, and yeasts with increasing yogurt whey concentrations in the samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increasing the kombucha percentage in beverage samples resulted in the viability increment of TMC, AAB, LAB, and yeasts. Over time, the number of yeasts and viability of LAB increased in the samples. Moreover, the viability of TMC and AAB increased in the samples from days 7 to 10 and decreased from days 10 to 14 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing yogurt whey and kombucha percentages affect microbial counts of beverage samples fermented using kombucha.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: This research investigated the effects of various iron fertilizers and the introducti... more Background: This research investigated the effects of various iron fertilizers and the introduction of Piriformospora indica (P. indica) fungus on the biodegradation of diesel oil in soil experiencing water deficiency. Methods: The treatments included applying pure Fe at rates of 0, 60, and 90 kg/ha, derived from Fe sulfate (FeSO4) and Fe slag (containing 58.2 % Fe2O3), in a diesel oilcontaminated soil with concentrations of 0 % and 8 % (W/W). These treatments were implemented in a corn plant cultivation system, where the plants were inoculated with P.indica fungus under conditions of drought stress. After 90 days, the plant and soil Fe concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Furthermore, the extent of diesel oil bio-degradation in the soil was assessed. Results: Applying 90 kg/ha pure Fe from Fe sulfate and Fe slag significantly enhanced the bio-degradation of diesel oil in the soil by 13.2 and 16.1 %, respectively. However, the efficiency of this process was lower under drought-stress conditions. In addition, Plant inoculation with P.indica significantly enhanced the diesel oil bio-degradation of the soil contaminated with 8 % (W/W) diesel oil under drought stress by 15.7 %. Moreover, the soil microbial activity was significantly increased by 14.1 %. Conclusion: The combined use of P.indica, along with iron slag and iron sulfate, markedly enhances the biodegradation process of diesel oil within the soil.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The advent of industrialization and the invention of the automobile have increased tr... more Background: The advent of industrialization and the invention of the automobile have increased traffic accidents, impacting the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of the safe driving self-efficacy tool using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factors extracted from the exploratory factor analysis stage and also to evaluate the reliability of this tool. Methods: This study involved 600 individuals residing in Tabriz, aged 20-50 years. The questionnaire utilized in this study was a researcher-made tool and evaluated for structural validity, goodness-of-fit, and internal consistency. Construct validity was tested using the first and second-order CFA using AMOS23 software. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α > 0.7). Results: The study analyzed 589 questionnaires from 600 participants, with a mean age of 35.04 years (SD = 8.367). The majority of respondents had a driving experience and a history of traffic accidents, primarily within urban areas. The CFA also confirmed five factors with 42 questions, which showed positive results. The value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all factors was more than 0.7. Conclusion: Out of the 60 items in the questionnaire, 42 items were confirmed with appropriate goodness-of-fit indicators. The amalgamation of these constructs within the model effectively measures the concept of safe driving self-efficacy, thereby establishing the tool's reliability. As a result, this survey can serve as a valuable benchmark for evaluating individuals' self-efficacy concerning safe driving practices. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Tabriz Drivers' Self-Efficacy Aghapour A, et al.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Environmental performance indexes are numerical values that provide insights into the... more Background: Environmental performance indexes are numerical values that provide insights into the condition of the environment and human health. This study focuses on the use of the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as a multidimensional tool for measuring environmental performance and health in mining companies. The application of SBSC is crucial in guiding mining companies towards sustainable development and human health objectives. Methods: Based on the literature and research background, 75 initial indicators were examined. Subsequently, 28 indicators were selected as final indicators. The Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) method was used for weighting and ranking the perspectives of the SBSC. Additionally, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was designed and distributed among the experts. Results: The research findings demonstrated that among various perspectives of the SBSC, the "growth and learning" perspective had the highest average weight of 0.48, indicating its superiority over other perspectives. The "society" perspective ranked second, with an average weight of 0.24, while the "environment and health" perspective ranked third, with an average weight of 0.22. Finally, the "economy" perspective ranked fourth with an average weight of 0.16 compared with the other perspectives. Conclusion: The primary objective of the present study was to identify, prioritise, and assess the aspects that influence sustainability, and after that provide a complete framework for evaluating sustainability performance in the mining industry. To achieve this, a sophisticated theoretical framework called SBSC was introduced. This framework provides a strong means of measuring and evaluating sustainable performance in mining and related sectors.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Mental health literacy (MHL) is an important determinant of mental health and influen... more Background: Mental health literacy (MHL) is an important determinant of mental health and influences individuals' decisions to seek mental health services. This study aimed to investigate the level of MHL in women referring to health centers in Khodabandeh, Zanjan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, involving 599 women of reproductive age in Khodabande, Zanjan. The data were collected using the Persian version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) and analyzed using SPSS 23 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: The participants' mean age was 30.47 (± 7.8). The MHL mean score was 81.53 (± 12.47). There was a statistically significant difference in MHL scores based on marital status, education level, income status, and employment status (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found based on age (P > 0.05). The main sources of information about mental health were the Internet and social networks, radio and TV programs, and mental health professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the MHL level among the women participating in the study was at a medium level. Therefore, implementing educational intervention programs can effectively improve women's MHL and ultimately improve their access to mental health services.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of incorporating four different dietar... more Background: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of incorporating four different dietary fibers, namely orange fiber (OF), wheat fiber (WF), bamboo fiber (BF), and carrot fiber (CF), on the physico-chemical properties of mortadella sausage. Methods: The physical and chemical properties of the formulated mortadella sausages were assessed by measuring water activity (aw), pH, color, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) parameters. Results: The presence of fibers had negative effects on the aw measurements of the products, while pH values were less influenced. The analysis of color revealed that the treated sausages exhibited higher levels of lightness and yellowness, and lower levels of redness compared to the control group. Among the various fibers, OF made more changes than other fibers on product attributes at the end of the storage period with the following scores (P ≤ 0.05): pH (6.22), a* (4.84), b* (13.68), L* (67.76), whiteness Index (6.4.64), ΔE (6.24), and TBARs value (4.6 mg MDA/kg sample). Conclusion: The lipid stability examinations revealed that while all of the fibers could hinder the progress of oxidation, OF was more efficient (P < 0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that OF has the suitable potential to be formulated in mortadella sausage.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Lophomonas blattarum is a newly reported opportunistic protozoan parasite that may ca... more Background: Lophomonas blattarum is a newly reported opportunistic protozoan parasite that may cause pulmonary infections. Co-morbidity of this parasite and pulmonary viral infections, such as COVID-19 may exacerbate their pathological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of L. blattarum infection in patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods: In this study, mini bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples were taken from 93 patients with acute pneumonia due to COVID-19 infection in 2021. The samples were subjected to microscopic examination for the presence of L. blattarum, following smear preparation and staining with two specific methods of Giemsa and Papanicolao. Results: The patients included 49 males and 44 females with a mean age of 68.8 ± 14.8 years. Of the specimens studied after staining, only one specimen (1.08%) was positive for L. blattarum. It was found in a patient with diabetic underlying disease. Conclusion: It was concluded that the infection of L. blattarum in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia was low. However, the presence of this parasite in this group of patients should not be neglected. This is the first report of pulmonary infection with this protozoan parasite in Zanjan Province.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is employed in various forms, ranging from nano to macro, in ... more Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is employed in various forms, ranging from nano to macro, in food products and packaging to prolong shelf life. However, recent research has shown potential health risks associated with its use. This review investigates the health implications of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in food packaging or additives, while also examining TiO2's antimicrobial properties and related mechanisms. Methods: The research extensively explored TiO2 NPs' generation methods and antimicrobial potential, especially in the context of food packaging and cosmetics. A systematic search was conducted using Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant sources. A total of 97 sources were selected from 150, without date restrictions. These references, spanning 1972 to 2023, encompass diverse full-text English materials, including reviews, original research, conferences, handbooks, and book chapters. Results: Nanotechnology, specifically TiO2 NPs, enhances food packaging for safety and sustainability. Innovations such as reinforced, active, and biodegradable packaging have emerged to address industry challenges, improving mechanical performance and extending shelf life. However, despite the benefits, concerns about the health and environmental implications of TiO2 NPs have prompted regulatory reassessment. Conclusion: Addressing concerns about TiO2 NPs in food packaging is crucial due to potential health and environmental risks. The recent ban imposed by the European Union on TiO2 (E171) underscores the need for ongoing research and scrutiny to ensure the safe integration of nanotechnology in food packaging.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The coronavirus resulted in a global pandemic and infected millions of people worldwi... more Background: The coronavirus resulted in a global pandemic and infected millions of people worldwide in 2019. The number of chest CT scans significantly increased due to the virus's effect on the upper respiratory tract. This retrospective cross-sectional analytic study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 effect on the number of chest CT scans and to estimate the probability of radiation-induced cancers as a result of the incremental number of scans in hospitals in Zanjan, Iran. Methods: This study included all chest CT scans performed during a three-month period before the pandemic (2019) and the pandemic (2020). In 2020, the scans were meticulously examined for COVID-19 signs, and relevant epidemiological and dosimetric factors were recorded to calculate the risk of radiation-induced cancer using the IRCP103. Results: The results reveal a four-fold increase in the number of scans in 2020, with 9095 scans compared to 2235 in 2019. Patients referred for a chest CT scan during the COVID-19 outbreak were significantly younger. Although the Dose-length Product (DLP) decreased in 2020, the anticipated number of new cases of radiation-induced cancers exhibited an approximately four-fold increase for different organs in the thorax region. Also, 55.6 % of CT scans were considered normal in 2020. Conclusion: The current study shows that the high probability of radiation-induced cancers should be considered the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer Risk of COVID-19 Chest CT Scans Chehre H, et al.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the ergonomics of the office workplace and determine the... more Background: This study aimed to evaluate the ergonomics of the office workplace and determine the cutoff point of the workstation layout checklist (WSLC) and the work posture checklist (WPC) of computer users. Methods: The descriptive-analytical was performed among 200 office staff willing to cooperate at the university. To collect data and evaluate workstations and the posture of employees, the WSLC and WPC were used, respectively. The ROC curve was used to determine the cut point of the final score of the checklists. Results: The optimal cutoff point value for the WSLC was 14.5 (sensitivity = 91.2, specificity = 77.8, and area under the curve = 0.89). Similarly, the best cutoff point value for the WPC was identified as 8.5, with a sensitivity of 93.9, specificity of 71.8, and area under the curve of 0.88. The evaluation results showed that 25 % of the workstations and 32 % of the working postures of the employees were at an undesirable level. Conclusion: Determining the cutoff point for valid WSLC and WPC plays a crucial role in evaluating the cost, facilitation, speed, and repetition associated with office workplaces, thereby categorizing them as either desirable or undesirable. A quarter of the workstations and a third of the working postures of the employees were evaluated as undesirable.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals’ health. The objective of this study was to ... more Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals’ health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of Pb pollution in the cities of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces by measuring Pb concentrations in the blood of brown rats, which serve as omnivorous bioindicators living in the same habitat as humans.
Methods: Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar.
Conclusion: The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals' health. The objective of this study was to ... more Background: Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals' health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of Pb pollution in the cities of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces by measuring Pb concentrations in the bloods of brown rats, which serve as omnivorous bioindicators living in the same habitat as humans. Methods: Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar. Conclusion: The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Assessing the changes in public attitudes toward pandemics is crucial in adapting pub... more Background: Assessing the changes in public attitudes toward pandemics is crucial in adapting public health strategies to changing circumstances. This study aims to assess the community's attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic using the Social Profile Ratio (SPR) method among different occupational groups in Ardabil province. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional survey design, this research assessed the attitudes of 230 respondents toward the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020. Then, the standard SPR method, along with the Index of Resolution (IR), was utilized to analyze the SPR scores, considering different aspects (prevention, control, treatment, and impacts) of the pandemic. Results: According to the SPR values, the occupational groups had different points of view. The highest life expectancy (30 years) was attributed to employees, students, collegians, and instructors. Notably, employees and university professors had the highest SPR and IR values (9.343 and 1) for the prevention indicator. Regarding the control indicator, the unemployed and university professors had SPR and IR values of 5.36 and 0.733, respectively. The highest SPR value of 44.11 in terms of treatment was attributed to employees, while students had the highest SPR value of 10.03 in terms of impact indicator. Conclusion: The study identified employees, university professors, and the unemployed as the most effective groups across prevention, control, treatment, and impact indicators. Determining the Community Attitude SPR Kateb F, et al.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: During the early days of COVID-19 pandemic, due to the shortage of N95 respirators in... more Background: During the early days of COVID-19 pandemic, due to the shortage of N95 respirators in hospitals and healthcare centers, the reuse of N95 respirators was posed as a crisis capacity strategy. Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of various decontamination methods on N95 respirators of well-known and approved brands. However, fundamental question is whether decontamination and reuse methods can be applied to all types of respirators. Methods: Six types of respirators were selected from well-known and lesser-known brands which their manufacturers claimed to be N95. The selected respirators decontaminated with dry heat, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, and ethylene oxide methods in seven consecutive cycles and their particle filtration efficiency and pressure drop were measured before and after each decontamination cycle. Results: As the initial measurements revealed, 4 respirators (group A) showed a sharp drop in efficiency and also, negative efficiency in removing 2.5 and 4 µm particles in most of the experiments. In these respirators (group A), the maximum efficiency in removing 0.5 µm particles was 74.4 %, while the last two respirators (group B) achieved an efficiency of 98 %. Subsequent experiments following the decontamination process revealed that the non-authentic N95 respirators within group A which were not resistant to decontamination. However, the second group demonstrated a removal rate of over 95 % of particles ranging from 0.5 to 10 µm after six consecutive decontamination cycles using all three methods. The results demonstrated that ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and ethylene oxide methods could eradicate the covid-19 virus from respirators. Conclusion: The results indicated that decontamination can be successfully applied to original N95 respirators, not low-quality respirators, even under critical conditions.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: This study investigates consumer behavior in chronic disease management, specifically... more Background: This study investigates consumer behavior in chronic disease management, specifically type 2 diabetes. Adherence to disciplined disease management is critical for individuals affected by this condition. We explore how patient attitudes and behaviors are influenced by their environment and resources, including family support, medical guidance, emotions, habits, and self-efficacy. This research aims to provide insights into promoting discipline and positive behaviors in consumers managing lifelong chronic illness. Methods: To achieve our research objectives, we employed a Glaserian grounded theory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as their family members. Theoretical sampling was used to elucidate the role of social interactions in influencing adherence. Results: The analysis of the collected data yielded three core categories that represent the spectrum of consumer discipline: indiscipline, disrupted discipline, and absolute discipline. The section on disrupted discipline highlights how disruptions in patients’ interactions with their families and healthcare professionals impact their discipline. Conclusion: Consumer discipline involves a dynamic interplay between the individual and their immediate environment. This study examines the influence of familial and medical support as key mediating factors in shaping consumer health behavior. Drawing on cognitive and emotional capacities, habits, and self-efficacy, consumer disciplinary practices are shaped through a diverse range of personal and social resources. By recognizing the intermediary roles of family members and healthcare providers, policymakers can gain valuable insights to inform efforts aimed at enhancing self-discipline and ultimately improving public health outcomes.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: The presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy products results from the ingestion of f... more Background: The presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy products results from the ingestion of feedstuffs contaminated with aflatoxin B1 by ruminants. The current study aimed to determine the AFM1 concentration in commercial pasteurized cow milk samples obtained from the Iranian market. Methods: A total of 54 pasteurized cow milk samples, manufactured between January and April 2019, were purchased from different cities in Iran, including Tehran, Isfahan,
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: As cities are the focus of health services and diseases, it is noteworthy that two-th... more Background: As cities are the focus of health services and diseases, it is noteworthy that two-thirds of the global population affected by diabetes, totaling 415 million individuals, live in urban areas. Consequently, cities have become the main centers of health interventions aimed at reducing the growing curve of diabetes. The current study aims to investigate the effect of urban factors on the prevalence of diabetes, with a particular focus on the spatial and spatial differences in Zanjan City, with an applied developmental goal. Methods: The current study employs a descriptive survey method. Geographic information systems (GIS) have been used to understand the spatial difference in the incidence of diabetes. For this purpose, after collecting information, a database was created in ArcCatalog, and spatial statistics tools in ArcMap. Results: The analysis, supported by Movaren's index with a coefficient of 1.64 confirms the presence of special clusters in diabetes distribution within Zanjan City. Cold spots, indicating lower prevalence, are centered in the southern and southwestern regions, while higher incidence is observed in the northeastern and northwestern parts of the city, with a statistically significant confidence level of 99 %. The regression results also show a strong and positive relationship between certain occupational sectors, such as art and entertainment (coefficient of 2.5), transportation (coefficient of 3.5), and the food industry (coefficient of 2.01) with this disease. In terms of the spatial distribution of diabetes, there is a significant relationship. A strong and positive correlation at the 99 % confidence level can be seen in Darmangah, Shahrak Shahada, and Qeysarieh. Conclusion: The findings of the present study underscore the existence of a cluster pattern in the occurrence of diabetes within Zanjan City.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2024
Background: Today, chronic diseases have spread all over the world. The World Health Organization... more Background: Today, chronic diseases have spread all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions air pollution as the biggest environmental health hazard, attributing 7 million premature deaths every year to this pollution, which includes suspended particles and gases with concentrations that are detrimental to human health. Factors of interest in this field are micrometer diameter particles, tropospheric ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The purpose of this research is to increase public awareness of air pollution and its side effects on different parts of the digestive system. Methods: A narrative review was done using several databases, including PubMed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published from 1990-2021 were identified. Results: Globally, ecological studies have demonstrated a relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and several gastrointestinal diseases. Conclusion: The results of these studies showed that pollutants have a direct effect on the increased prevalence and number of cases of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The results of this research can inform policymakers in making comprehensive decisions to solve the problem, individuals who are exposed to pollutants, and the public in raising awareness and promoting the use of protective equipment.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2023
Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an alginate coating containing pepp... more Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an alginate coating containing peppermint essential oil (PEO) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157: H7 inoculated on beef fillets and subsequently stored at a temperature of 4 ± 1 °C for 12 days. Methods: Beef fillet samples were divided into four groups: CON group (without any coating solution), ALG group (coated with alginate solution), ALG + PEO group (coated with alginate solution containing 0.1 % (w/v) PEO), and ALG + SLN-PEO group (with alginate solution in combination SLN containing 0.1 % (w/v) PEO). The samples were then analyzed for the presence of inoculated E. coli O157: H7 and S. Typhimurium during refrigerated storage. Results: The ALG + SLN-PEO coating had a larger impact in controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria on beef fillets compared to the other treatment groups. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the ALG + SLN-PEO coating could potentially be used in the food industry to reduce the risks associated with contamination of beef fillets by E. coli O157: H7 and S. Typhimurium.
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2023
Background: This study aimed to evaluate microbial counts of beverage samples fermented using kom... more Background: This study aimed to evaluate microbial counts of beverage samples fermented using kombucha, including total acetic acid bacteria (AAB), total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and total microbial count (TMC). Methods: A fermented orange beverage was produced using yogurt whey at three different concentrations (0 %, 10 %, and 20 % v/v) and kombucha at four different concentrations (1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 % w/v) as the starter culture. Next, the microbial counts of the produced samples were evaluated at the end of the incubation and during cold storage at 4 ℃. The results were expressed as log CFU/mL. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in the viability of AAB, TMC, and yeasts with increasing yogurt whey concentrations in the samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increasing the kombucha percentage in beverage samples resulted in the viability increment of TMC, AAB, LAB, and yeasts. Over time, the number of yeasts and viability of LAB increased in the samples. Moreover, the viability of TMC and AAB increased in the samples from days 7 to 10 and decreased from days 10 to 14 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing yogurt whey and kombucha percentages affect microbial counts of beverage samples fermented using kombucha.
Uploads
Methods: Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar.
Conclusion: The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.
Methods: To achieve our research objectives, we employed a Glaserian grounded theory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as their family members. Theoretical sampling was used to elucidate the role of social interactions in influencing adherence.
Results: The analysis of the collected data yielded three core categories that represent the spectrum of consumer discipline: indiscipline, disrupted discipline, and absolute discipline. The section on disrupted discipline highlights how disruptions in patients’ interactions with their families and healthcare professionals impact their discipline.
Conclusion: Consumer discipline involves a dynamic interplay between the individual and their immediate environment. This study examines the influence of familial and medical support as key mediating factors in shaping consumer health behavior. Drawing on cognitive and emotional capacities, habits, and self-efficacy, consumer disciplinary practices are shaped through a diverse range of personal and social resources. By recognizing the intermediary roles of family members and healthcare providers, policymakers can gain valuable insights to inform efforts aimed at enhancing self-discipline and ultimately improving public health outcomes.
Methods: A narrative review was done using several databases, including PubMed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published from 1990-2021 were identified.
Results: Globally, ecological studies have demonstrated a relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and several gastrointestinal diseases.
Conclusion: The results of these studies showed that pollutants have a direct effect on the increased prevalence and number of cases of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The results of this research can inform policymakers in making comprehensive decisions to solve the problem, individuals who are exposed to pollutants, and the public in raising awareness and promoting the use of protective equipment.
Methods: Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar.
Conclusion: The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.
Methods: To achieve our research objectives, we employed a Glaserian grounded theory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as their family members. Theoretical sampling was used to elucidate the role of social interactions in influencing adherence.
Results: The analysis of the collected data yielded three core categories that represent the spectrum of consumer discipline: indiscipline, disrupted discipline, and absolute discipline. The section on disrupted discipline highlights how disruptions in patients’ interactions with their families and healthcare professionals impact their discipline.
Conclusion: Consumer discipline involves a dynamic interplay between the individual and their immediate environment. This study examines the influence of familial and medical support as key mediating factors in shaping consumer health behavior. Drawing on cognitive and emotional capacities, habits, and self-efficacy, consumer disciplinary practices are shaped through a diverse range of personal and social resources. By recognizing the intermediary roles of family members and healthcare providers, policymakers can gain valuable insights to inform efforts aimed at enhancing self-discipline and ultimately improving public health outcomes.
Methods: A narrative review was done using several databases, including PubMed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published from 1990-2021 were identified.
Results: Globally, ecological studies have demonstrated a relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and several gastrointestinal diseases.
Conclusion: The results of these studies showed that pollutants have a direct effect on the increased prevalence and number of cases of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The results of this research can inform policymakers in making comprehensive decisions to solve the problem, individuals who are exposed to pollutants, and the public in raising awareness and promoting the use of protective equipment.