Background: India had highest number of under‑five deaths, 1.2 million deaths out of 5.9 million ... more Background: India had highest number of under‑five deaths, 1.2 million deaths out of 5.9 million (2015). As per the results from the first phase of National Family Health Survey (NFHS‑4), 2015–2016, under‑five mortality rate was highest in rural area of Madhya Pradesh (MP), 69/1000 live birth as compared to urban areas, 52/1000 live birth. The objective of the study was to identify potentially high‑risk districts (HRD). Methods: This study was carried out from the secondary data of 50 districts of MP State which was available from NFHS‑4 with information from 49,164 households. Scoring method was used to identify HRD by comparing variables related to maternal and child health care of rural MP with rural Tamil Nadu. Results: Eleven HRDs were identified with poor maternal and child health care along with high women’s illiteracy and high percentage of child marriages in women. Indore division had 3 topmost HRD, Alirajpur, Jhabua, and Barwani followed by Rewa division with 2, Singrauli and Sidhi along with Sagar division. Conclusions: HRDs should be considered for targeted interventions using the strategies for reducing under‑five mortality rate in rural MP. Keywords: Antenatal care, high‑risk districts, Madhya Pradesh, postnatal care, under‑five mortality rate
Introduction: Gender equality is fundamental to accelerate sustainable development. It is necessa... more Introduction: Gender equality is fundamental to accelerate sustainable development. It is necessary to conduct gender analyses to identify sex
In 2015, India had 20 percent share of global under-five deaths (1.2 million), highest number of ... more In 2015, India had 20 percent share of global under-five deaths (1.2 million), highest number of deaths in the world. In the era of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), to accomplish goal 3, target 3.2 to reduce child mortality to 25 per 1,000 live births, India needs to accelerate to achieve the same. India was taken off from the list of polio endemic countries by World Health Organization in February 2012. In 1997 the National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) was established as a joint partnership between the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. Why India need National Child Mortality Surveillance Project? As in Polio eradication program interaction between the health care providers and Surveillance Medical Officer (SMO), had provided the foundation for successful Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, same opportunity can be used for every child death. Each child death reported by reporting unit (RU) needs to be investigated in case investigation form (CIF) and the factors related to continuum of care for maternal, newborn and child health whichever responsible for child death needs to be identified for action. Another aim of this project will be to capture each and every child death occurring in the district and identifying the high risk blocks and accordingly training of health workers and private practitioner can be undertaken for capacity building. The feedback of factors identified for child death can be given to health officers of concerned district and same can be discussed in District Task Force meeting, so appropriate corrective action is initiated; also same can be reviewed at regional, state and national level meetings Resources National Child Mortality Surveillance Project can take the advantage of network of SMO already available with NPSP along with training modules and forms. Keywords: Child Mortality, Surveillance Project, India
Introduction: India was leading in total number of under-five deaths in 2015 with 1.2 million dea... more Introduction: India was leading in total number of under-five deaths in 2015 with 1.2 million deaths. The present study was planned to find the differences among the factors related to continuum of care for maternal, newborn and child health that may be associated with higher U5MR in Madhya Pradesh as compared Tamilnadu.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a foremost global health problem. In 2014, 1.5 million deaths we... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a foremost global health problem. In 2014, 1.5 million deaths were reported from TB worldwide. In the period of 2010–2014, there was a steady trend of died and defaulted among TB cases with 4% and 6%, respectively, in India. There were few studies regarding trends among died and defaulted in Bastar region and hence the study was planned to assess died and defaulted trends among registered TB patients from the year 2010 to 2014 at TU, Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, District Bastar of State Chhattisgarh. Objective: The present study was conducted with an attempt to assess trends among registered TB cases at Jagdalpur TU in Bastar during 5-year period, i.e., 2010–2014. Material and Methods: It was record based analysis of registered TB cases from year 2010 to 2014, data from TU Jagdalpur, District Bastar, of Chhattisgarh, India, registered from year 2010 to 2014. Collected secondary data were analyzed with the help of STAT/SE 14.1. Results: Overall percentages of died and defaulted among total of 2533 TB patients were 3.7% and 18.7%, respectively. Significant decline was found in died (P = 0.004) and defaulted (P = 0.000) from 2011 onwards. The mortality was highest in retreatment cases, 7.6%, followed by new smear positive (NSP), 4.9%. New smear negative (NSN) cases had the lowest mortality, 1.4%, and highest default rate, 19.9%. Both death and default rates were 14.8% among the HIV positives. Conclusions: There was significant decline in died and defaulted because of the treatment outcome in total registered TB cases, from year 2010 to 2014. While the death rate was low, the default rate was highest in NSN cases. The mortality was high among HIV-positive TB patients. KEY WORDS: Trend, died, defaulted, tuberculosis, Bastar
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. It causes ill-health among mill... more Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. It causes ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks alongside the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a leading cause of death worldwide. The study was planned to assess treatment outcome among tuberculosis patients registered in year 2013 at Tuberculosis Unit (TU), Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, district Bastar in Chhattisgarh.
INTRODUCTION: Heat stress is still the most neglected occupational hazard in tropical and subtrop... more INTRODUCTION: Heat stress is still the most neglected occupational hazard in tropical and subtropical countries. Intense hot environments are prevalent in the iron, steel, glass and ceramics units and many other industries. Physical work under heat stress impairs the health and efficiency of workers. AIM: The aim of present study was to compare heat stress and its effect between the group of glass factory workers and the comparison group. METHODS: Present study focuses on effects of heat stress recorded between 263 Glass factory workers and comparing findings with 263 study subjects from comparison group not working in similar environment. These were seen in different age groups , section wise effect of heat stress in raw, furnace, manufacturing, lehr and other (sorting and dispatch), duration of exposure and seasonal comparison(Summer Vs No summer). Thermal Environment Study at the workplace various sections was carried out using “Questemp034” (Quest technologies 2002) the Thermal Environment Monitor in the month of June 2004 by using predesigned, pretested and structured proforma. RESULTS: The results revealed that a total of 77 (22.3%) workers had effect of heat. 61(40.1%) workers from manufacturing section are affected .The effect of heat was more in the summer season compared to other seasons. The globe temperature reading at all sections except sorting was higher than dry bulb temperature, therefore radiant heat was a major contributor to heat stress. CONCLUSION: Overall, significant occurrence of effect of heat stress among glass factory workers and provision of cooling devices may be preventive measure. Key words: Heat stress, Heat exhaustion, Glass factory International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 8, October - 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org 2 IJERT
Introduction
The International Labour Organization has observed that an
estimated 50 million work... more Introduction The International Labour Organization has observed that an estimated 50 million work related injuries occur every year or 1,60,000 every day. In the lower income countries such as those of South Asia and Africa, injuries are one of the leading causes of adult mortality and a major contributor to disability1. Injuries are common in glass factory workers i.e. cuts, burns etc. The health hazard of glass factory have been enlisted in ILO encyclopedia2. Very few studies are there dealing with the prevalence of injuries in the glass factory workers. It was with this background that the present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of injuries in the Glass Factory workers, Nagpur. Material and Methods The study design was cross sectional study with comparison group. The Study duration was from December 2003 to June 2004 and the study setting was the Glass Factory, Nagpur situated at 12 km. from Government Medical College, Nagpur. The study population was 263 Glass Factory workers along with 263 from Comparison group from adjacent area; age, sex, socioeconomic status matched and not working in the similar working environment (Glass Factory). For matching, group matching was carried out. 10 to 15 workers were studied and then in the community the comparison group was matched for age (±2 years), sex and socioeconomic status (Using modified Kuppuswami’s scale). The purpose of the study was discussed with the workers. The time schedule was prepared, so that workers could participate in the study conveniently. The pilot study was carried out in the month of December 2003 with predisigned proforma. Interview technique and general observation were used for data collection. The pilot study was carried out on 30 workers and 30 from comparison group. Depending upon the findings of the pilot study, suitable corrections were made in the proforma and the proforma was modified. The predisigned, pretested proforma was used for data collection. In the statistical analysis Percentage and Chi-square test were used. Results Incised injury 156 (59.3%) in the workers and 32 (12.2%) in the comparison group. This difference was found to be statistically significant [c2=127.3, df=1, p<0.001].Burns were 73 (27.7%) and 0 (0.0%) in the workers and comparison group respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant (c2=84, p<0.001). In injury, blunt injury 08 (3%) in the workers and 20 (7.6%) in comparison group. This difference was found to be statistically significant (c2=4.5, p<0.05). Blunt injury was significantly more seen in comparison group. In injury, abrasion 08 (3%) and 52 (19.8%) in workers and the comparison group respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant when clubbed with laceration 6 (2.3%) in workers and 0(0.0%) in comparison group (c2=23.1, df=1, p<0.001). Abrasions were significantly more in comparison group.
Introduction: The health hazard of glass factory has been enlisted in ILO encyclopedia. Morbid co... more Introduction: The health hazard of glass factory has been enlisted in ILO encyclopedia. Morbid conditions in glass factory workers are injuries, heat exhaustion, respiratory morbidity, ophthalmic morbidity, nephrolithiasis etc. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of morbidity in the glass factory workers and compare it with comparison group. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with comparison group, which was matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status, unexposed to similar working environment from adjacent area. The Glass Factory is situated at Kamptee Road, Nagpur. 263 workers were studied along with 263 comparison group. Interview technique, general observation was used for data collection by using Pre-designed Proforma. Sampling design was Convenience sampling Technique. Statistical analysis was done with Epi Info 2002. Results: Total morbidities were 442 and 153 in the workers and in the comparison group respectively. Mean no. of morbidity in the worker was 1.7 with SD 0.94 and in the comparison group it was 0.6 with SD 0.83. The difference was statistically significant [Z=13.76, p<0.01, highly significant]. Of the total morbidities i.e. 442 in workers, injury constituted 251 (56.9%). Incised injury 156 (59.3%) in the workers and 32 (12.2%) in the comparison group. Conclusion: Prevalence of injury and effect of environment in the workers of Glass Factory was more than subjects in comparison group.
Background: As per NFHS-4, the percentage of mothers who had full antenatal care was lowest, 03 %... more Background: As per NFHS-4, the percentage of mothers who had full antenatal care was lowest, 03 % in rural Bihar compared to all other states. So, the present study was the analysis of districts for the differences among factors related to the maternal health care with the objective to identify high priority districts among total 38 districts in Bihar.
Background: India had highest number of under‑five deaths, 1.2 million deaths out of 5.9 million ... more Background: India had highest number of under‑five deaths, 1.2 million deaths out of 5.9 million (2015). As per the results from the first phase of National Family Health Survey (NFHS‑4), 2015–2016, under‑five mortality rate was highest in rural area of Madhya Pradesh (MP), 69/1000 live birth as compared to urban areas, 52/1000 live birth. The objective of the study was to identify potentially high‑risk districts (HRD). Methods: This study was carried out from the secondary data of 50 districts of MP State which was available from NFHS‑4 with information from 49,164 households. Scoring method was used to identify HRD by comparing variables related to maternal and child health care of rural MP with rural Tamil Nadu. Results: Eleven HRDs were identified with poor maternal and child health care along with high women’s illiteracy and high percentage of child marriages in women. Indore division had 3 topmost HRD, Alirajpur, Jhabua, and Barwani followed by Rewa division with 2, Singrauli and Sidhi along with Sagar division. Conclusions: HRDs should be considered for targeted interventions using the strategies for reducing under‑five mortality rate in rural MP. Keywords: Antenatal care, high‑risk districts, Madhya Pradesh, postnatal care, under‑five mortality rate
Introduction: Gender equality is fundamental to accelerate sustainable development. It is necessa... more Introduction: Gender equality is fundamental to accelerate sustainable development. It is necessary to conduct gender analyses to identify sex
In 2015, India had 20 percent share of global under-five deaths (1.2 million), highest number of ... more In 2015, India had 20 percent share of global under-five deaths (1.2 million), highest number of deaths in the world. In the era of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), to accomplish goal 3, target 3.2 to reduce child mortality to 25 per 1,000 live births, India needs to accelerate to achieve the same. India was taken off from the list of polio endemic countries by World Health Organization in February 2012. In 1997 the National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) was established as a joint partnership between the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. Why India need National Child Mortality Surveillance Project? As in Polio eradication program interaction between the health care providers and Surveillance Medical Officer (SMO), had provided the foundation for successful Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, same opportunity can be used for every child death. Each child death reported by reporting unit (RU) needs to be investigated in case investigation form (CIF) and the factors related to continuum of care for maternal, newborn and child health whichever responsible for child death needs to be identified for action. Another aim of this project will be to capture each and every child death occurring in the district and identifying the high risk blocks and accordingly training of health workers and private practitioner can be undertaken for capacity building. The feedback of factors identified for child death can be given to health officers of concerned district and same can be discussed in District Task Force meeting, so appropriate corrective action is initiated; also same can be reviewed at regional, state and national level meetings Resources National Child Mortality Surveillance Project can take the advantage of network of SMO already available with NPSP along with training modules and forms. Keywords: Child Mortality, Surveillance Project, India
Introduction: India was leading in total number of under-five deaths in 2015 with 1.2 million dea... more Introduction: India was leading in total number of under-five deaths in 2015 with 1.2 million deaths. The present study was planned to find the differences among the factors related to continuum of care for maternal, newborn and child health that may be associated with higher U5MR in Madhya Pradesh as compared Tamilnadu.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a foremost global health problem. In 2014, 1.5 million deaths we... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a foremost global health problem. In 2014, 1.5 million deaths were reported from TB worldwide. In the period of 2010–2014, there was a steady trend of died and defaulted among TB cases with 4% and 6%, respectively, in India. There were few studies regarding trends among died and defaulted in Bastar region and hence the study was planned to assess died and defaulted trends among registered TB patients from the year 2010 to 2014 at TU, Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, District Bastar of State Chhattisgarh. Objective: The present study was conducted with an attempt to assess trends among registered TB cases at Jagdalpur TU in Bastar during 5-year period, i.e., 2010–2014. Material and Methods: It was record based analysis of registered TB cases from year 2010 to 2014, data from TU Jagdalpur, District Bastar, of Chhattisgarh, India, registered from year 2010 to 2014. Collected secondary data were analyzed with the help of STAT/SE 14.1. Results: Overall percentages of died and defaulted among total of 2533 TB patients were 3.7% and 18.7%, respectively. Significant decline was found in died (P = 0.004) and defaulted (P = 0.000) from 2011 onwards. The mortality was highest in retreatment cases, 7.6%, followed by new smear positive (NSP), 4.9%. New smear negative (NSN) cases had the lowest mortality, 1.4%, and highest default rate, 19.9%. Both death and default rates were 14.8% among the HIV positives. Conclusions: There was significant decline in died and defaulted because of the treatment outcome in total registered TB cases, from year 2010 to 2014. While the death rate was low, the default rate was highest in NSN cases. The mortality was high among HIV-positive TB patients. KEY WORDS: Trend, died, defaulted, tuberculosis, Bastar
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. It causes ill-health among mill... more Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. It causes ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks alongside the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a leading cause of death worldwide. The study was planned to assess treatment outcome among tuberculosis patients registered in year 2013 at Tuberculosis Unit (TU), Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, district Bastar in Chhattisgarh.
INTRODUCTION: Heat stress is still the most neglected occupational hazard in tropical and subtrop... more INTRODUCTION: Heat stress is still the most neglected occupational hazard in tropical and subtropical countries. Intense hot environments are prevalent in the iron, steel, glass and ceramics units and many other industries. Physical work under heat stress impairs the health and efficiency of workers. AIM: The aim of present study was to compare heat stress and its effect between the group of glass factory workers and the comparison group. METHODS: Present study focuses on effects of heat stress recorded between 263 Glass factory workers and comparing findings with 263 study subjects from comparison group not working in similar environment. These were seen in different age groups , section wise effect of heat stress in raw, furnace, manufacturing, lehr and other (sorting and dispatch), duration of exposure and seasonal comparison(Summer Vs No summer). Thermal Environment Study at the workplace various sections was carried out using “Questemp034” (Quest technologies 2002) the Thermal Environment Monitor in the month of June 2004 by using predesigned, pretested and structured proforma. RESULTS: The results revealed that a total of 77 (22.3%) workers had effect of heat. 61(40.1%) workers from manufacturing section are affected .The effect of heat was more in the summer season compared to other seasons. The globe temperature reading at all sections except sorting was higher than dry bulb temperature, therefore radiant heat was a major contributor to heat stress. CONCLUSION: Overall, significant occurrence of effect of heat stress among glass factory workers and provision of cooling devices may be preventive measure. Key words: Heat stress, Heat exhaustion, Glass factory International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 8, October - 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org 2 IJERT
Introduction
The International Labour Organization has observed that an
estimated 50 million work... more Introduction The International Labour Organization has observed that an estimated 50 million work related injuries occur every year or 1,60,000 every day. In the lower income countries such as those of South Asia and Africa, injuries are one of the leading causes of adult mortality and a major contributor to disability1. Injuries are common in glass factory workers i.e. cuts, burns etc. The health hazard of glass factory have been enlisted in ILO encyclopedia2. Very few studies are there dealing with the prevalence of injuries in the glass factory workers. It was with this background that the present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of injuries in the Glass Factory workers, Nagpur. Material and Methods The study design was cross sectional study with comparison group. The Study duration was from December 2003 to June 2004 and the study setting was the Glass Factory, Nagpur situated at 12 km. from Government Medical College, Nagpur. The study population was 263 Glass Factory workers along with 263 from Comparison group from adjacent area; age, sex, socioeconomic status matched and not working in the similar working environment (Glass Factory). For matching, group matching was carried out. 10 to 15 workers were studied and then in the community the comparison group was matched for age (±2 years), sex and socioeconomic status (Using modified Kuppuswami’s scale). The purpose of the study was discussed with the workers. The time schedule was prepared, so that workers could participate in the study conveniently. The pilot study was carried out in the month of December 2003 with predisigned proforma. Interview technique and general observation were used for data collection. The pilot study was carried out on 30 workers and 30 from comparison group. Depending upon the findings of the pilot study, suitable corrections were made in the proforma and the proforma was modified. The predisigned, pretested proforma was used for data collection. In the statistical analysis Percentage and Chi-square test were used. Results Incised injury 156 (59.3%) in the workers and 32 (12.2%) in the comparison group. This difference was found to be statistically significant [c2=127.3, df=1, p<0.001].Burns were 73 (27.7%) and 0 (0.0%) in the workers and comparison group respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant (c2=84, p<0.001). In injury, blunt injury 08 (3%) in the workers and 20 (7.6%) in comparison group. This difference was found to be statistically significant (c2=4.5, p<0.05). Blunt injury was significantly more seen in comparison group. In injury, abrasion 08 (3%) and 52 (19.8%) in workers and the comparison group respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant when clubbed with laceration 6 (2.3%) in workers and 0(0.0%) in comparison group (c2=23.1, df=1, p<0.001). Abrasions were significantly more in comparison group.
Introduction: The health hazard of glass factory has been enlisted in ILO encyclopedia. Morbid co... more Introduction: The health hazard of glass factory has been enlisted in ILO encyclopedia. Morbid conditions in glass factory workers are injuries, heat exhaustion, respiratory morbidity, ophthalmic morbidity, nephrolithiasis etc. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of morbidity in the glass factory workers and compare it with comparison group. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with comparison group, which was matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status, unexposed to similar working environment from adjacent area. The Glass Factory is situated at Kamptee Road, Nagpur. 263 workers were studied along with 263 comparison group. Interview technique, general observation was used for data collection by using Pre-designed Proforma. Sampling design was Convenience sampling Technique. Statistical analysis was done with Epi Info 2002. Results: Total morbidities were 442 and 153 in the workers and in the comparison group respectively. Mean no. of morbidity in the worker was 1.7 with SD 0.94 and in the comparison group it was 0.6 with SD 0.83. The difference was statistically significant [Z=13.76, p<0.01, highly significant]. Of the total morbidities i.e. 442 in workers, injury constituted 251 (56.9%). Incised injury 156 (59.3%) in the workers and 32 (12.2%) in the comparison group. Conclusion: Prevalence of injury and effect of environment in the workers of Glass Factory was more than subjects in comparison group.
Background: As per NFHS-4, the percentage of mothers who had full antenatal care was lowest, 03 %... more Background: As per NFHS-4, the percentage of mothers who had full antenatal care was lowest, 03 % in rural Bihar compared to all other states. So, the present study was the analysis of districts for the differences among factors related to the maternal health care with the objective to identify high priority districts among total 38 districts in Bihar.
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Papers by Kishor Brahmapurkar
In the era of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), to accomplish goal 3, target 3.2 to reduce child mortality to 25 per
1,000 live births, India needs to accelerate to achieve the same.
India was taken off from the list of polio endemic countries by World Health Organization in February 2012. In 1997
the National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) was established as a joint partnership between the World Health
Organization and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India.
Why India need National Child Mortality Surveillance Project?
As in Polio eradication program interaction between the health care providers and Surveillance Medical Officer (SMO),
had provided the foundation for successful Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, same opportunity can be used
for every child death. Each child death reported by reporting unit (RU) needs to be investigated in case investigation
form (CIF) and the factors related to continuum of care for maternal, newborn and child health whichever responsible
for child death needs to be identified for action. Another aim of this project will be to capture each and every child
death occurring in the district and identifying the high risk blocks and accordingly training of health workers and
private practitioner can be undertaken for capacity building. The feedback of factors identified for child death can be
given to health officers of concerned district and same can be discussed in District Task Force meeting, so appropriate
corrective action is initiated; also same can be reviewed at regional, state and national level meetings
Resources
National Child Mortality Surveillance Project can take the advantage of network of SMO already available with NPSP
along with training modules and forms.
Keywords: Child Mortality, Surveillance Project, India
worldwide. In the period of 2010–2014, there was a steady trend of died and defaulted among TB cases with 4% and 6%,
respectively, in India. There were few studies regarding trends among died and defaulted in Bastar region and hence the
study was planned to assess died and defaulted trends among registered TB patients from the year 2010 to 2014 at TU,
Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, District Bastar of State Chhattisgarh.
Objective: The present study was conducted with an attempt to assess trends among registered TB cases at Jagdalpur
TU in Bastar during 5-year period, i.e., 2010–2014.
Material and Methods: It was record based analysis of registered TB cases from year 2010 to 2014, data from
TU Jagdalpur, District Bastar, of Chhattisgarh, India, registered from year 2010 to 2014. Collected secondary data were
analyzed with the help of STAT/SE 14.1.
Results: Overall percentages of died and defaulted among total of 2533 TB patients were 3.7% and 18.7%, respectively.
Significant decline was found in died (P = 0.004) and defaulted (P = 0.000) from 2011 onwards. The mortality was highest
in retreatment cases, 7.6%, followed by new smear positive (NSP), 4.9%. New smear negative (NSN) cases had the
lowest mortality, 1.4%, and highest default rate, 19.9%. Both death and default rates were 14.8% among the HIV positives.
Conclusions: There was significant decline in died and defaulted because of the treatment outcome in total registered
TB cases, from year 2010 to 2014. While the death rate was low, the default rate was highest in NSN cases. The mortality
was high among HIV-positive TB patients.
KEY WORDS: Trend, died, defaulted, tuberculosis, Bastar
METHODS:
Present study focuses on effects of heat stress recorded between 263 Glass factory workers and comparing findings with 263 study subjects from comparison group not working in similar environment. These were seen in different age groups , section wise effect of heat stress in raw, furnace, manufacturing, lehr and other (sorting and dispatch), duration of exposure and seasonal comparison(Summer Vs No summer). Thermal Environment Study at the workplace various sections was carried out using “Questemp034” (Quest technologies 2002) the Thermal Environment Monitor in the month of June 2004 by using predesigned, pretested and structured proforma. RESULTS: The results revealed that a total of 77 (22.3%) workers had effect of heat. 61(40.1%) workers from manufacturing section are affected .The effect of heat was more in the summer season compared to other seasons. The globe temperature reading at all sections except sorting was higher than dry bulb temperature, therefore radiant heat was a major contributor to heat stress. CONCLUSION: Overall, significant occurrence of effect of heat stress among glass factory workers and provision of cooling devices may be preventive measure. Key words: Heat stress, Heat exhaustion, Glass factory
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 8, October - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
www.ijert.org 2
IJERT
The International Labour Organization has observed that an
estimated 50 million work related injuries occur every year
or 1,60,000 every day. In the lower income countries such
as those of South Asia and Africa, injuries are one of the
leading causes of adult mortality and a major contributor to
disability1. Injuries are common in glass factory workers i.e.
cuts, burns etc. The health hazard of glass factory have been
enlisted in ILO encyclopedia2. Very few studies are there
dealing with the prevalence of injuries in the glass factory
workers. It was with this background that the present study
was undertaken to find out the prevalence of injuries in the
Glass Factory workers, Nagpur.
Material and Methods
The study design was cross sectional study with comparison
group. The Study duration was from December 2003 to June
2004 and the study setting was the Glass Factory, Nagpur
situated at 12 km. from Government Medical College, Nagpur.
The study population was 263 Glass Factory workers along
with 263 from Comparison group from adjacent area; age,
sex, socioeconomic status matched and not working in the
similar working environment (Glass Factory). For matching,
group matching was carried out. 10 to 15 workers were
studied and then in the community the comparison group was
matched for age (±2 years), sex and socioeconomic status
(Using modified Kuppuswami’s scale). The purpose of the
study was discussed with the workers. The time schedule
was prepared, so that workers could participate in the study
conveniently.
The pilot study was carried out in the month of December
2003 with predisigned proforma. Interview technique and
general observation were used for data collection. The pilot
study was carried out on 30 workers and 30 from comparison
group. Depending upon the findings of the pilot study, suitable
corrections were made in the proforma and the proforma was
modified. The predisigned, pretested proforma was used for
data collection. In the statistical analysis Percentage and
Chi-square test were used.
Results
Incised injury 156 (59.3%) in the workers and 32 (12.2%)
in the comparison group. This difference was found to
be statistically significant [c2=127.3, df=1, p<0.001].Burns were 73 (27.7%) and 0 (0.0%) in the workers and
comparison group respectively. This difference was found
to be statistically significant (c2=84, p<0.001). In injury, blunt
injury 08 (3%) in the workers and 20 (7.6%) in comparison
group. This difference was found to be statistically significant
(c2=4.5, p<0.05). Blunt injury was significantly more seen
in comparison group. In injury, abrasion 08 (3%) and 52
(19.8%) in workers and the comparison group respectively.
This difference was found to be statistically significant when
clubbed with laceration 6 (2.3%) in workers and 0(0.0%) in
comparison group (c2=23.1, df=1, p<0.001). Abrasions were
significantly more in comparison group.
In the era of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), to accomplish goal 3, target 3.2 to reduce child mortality to 25 per
1,000 live births, India needs to accelerate to achieve the same.
India was taken off from the list of polio endemic countries by World Health Organization in February 2012. In 1997
the National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) was established as a joint partnership between the World Health
Organization and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India.
Why India need National Child Mortality Surveillance Project?
As in Polio eradication program interaction between the health care providers and Surveillance Medical Officer (SMO),
had provided the foundation for successful Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, same opportunity can be used
for every child death. Each child death reported by reporting unit (RU) needs to be investigated in case investigation
form (CIF) and the factors related to continuum of care for maternal, newborn and child health whichever responsible
for child death needs to be identified for action. Another aim of this project will be to capture each and every child
death occurring in the district and identifying the high risk blocks and accordingly training of health workers and
private practitioner can be undertaken for capacity building. The feedback of factors identified for child death can be
given to health officers of concerned district and same can be discussed in District Task Force meeting, so appropriate
corrective action is initiated; also same can be reviewed at regional, state and national level meetings
Resources
National Child Mortality Surveillance Project can take the advantage of network of SMO already available with NPSP
along with training modules and forms.
Keywords: Child Mortality, Surveillance Project, India
worldwide. In the period of 2010–2014, there was a steady trend of died and defaulted among TB cases with 4% and 6%,
respectively, in India. There were few studies regarding trends among died and defaulted in Bastar region and hence the
study was planned to assess died and defaulted trends among registered TB patients from the year 2010 to 2014 at TU,
Maharani Hospital, Jagdalpur, District Bastar of State Chhattisgarh.
Objective: The present study was conducted with an attempt to assess trends among registered TB cases at Jagdalpur
TU in Bastar during 5-year period, i.e., 2010–2014.
Material and Methods: It was record based analysis of registered TB cases from year 2010 to 2014, data from
TU Jagdalpur, District Bastar, of Chhattisgarh, India, registered from year 2010 to 2014. Collected secondary data were
analyzed with the help of STAT/SE 14.1.
Results: Overall percentages of died and defaulted among total of 2533 TB patients were 3.7% and 18.7%, respectively.
Significant decline was found in died (P = 0.004) and defaulted (P = 0.000) from 2011 onwards. The mortality was highest
in retreatment cases, 7.6%, followed by new smear positive (NSP), 4.9%. New smear negative (NSN) cases had the
lowest mortality, 1.4%, and highest default rate, 19.9%. Both death and default rates were 14.8% among the HIV positives.
Conclusions: There was significant decline in died and defaulted because of the treatment outcome in total registered
TB cases, from year 2010 to 2014. While the death rate was low, the default rate was highest in NSN cases. The mortality
was high among HIV-positive TB patients.
KEY WORDS: Trend, died, defaulted, tuberculosis, Bastar
METHODS:
Present study focuses on effects of heat stress recorded between 263 Glass factory workers and comparing findings with 263 study subjects from comparison group not working in similar environment. These were seen in different age groups , section wise effect of heat stress in raw, furnace, manufacturing, lehr and other (sorting and dispatch), duration of exposure and seasonal comparison(Summer Vs No summer). Thermal Environment Study at the workplace various sections was carried out using “Questemp034” (Quest technologies 2002) the Thermal Environment Monitor in the month of June 2004 by using predesigned, pretested and structured proforma. RESULTS: The results revealed that a total of 77 (22.3%) workers had effect of heat. 61(40.1%) workers from manufacturing section are affected .The effect of heat was more in the summer season compared to other seasons. The globe temperature reading at all sections except sorting was higher than dry bulb temperature, therefore radiant heat was a major contributor to heat stress. CONCLUSION: Overall, significant occurrence of effect of heat stress among glass factory workers and provision of cooling devices may be preventive measure. Key words: Heat stress, Heat exhaustion, Glass factory
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 8, October - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
www.ijert.org 2
IJERT
The International Labour Organization has observed that an
estimated 50 million work related injuries occur every year
or 1,60,000 every day. In the lower income countries such
as those of South Asia and Africa, injuries are one of the
leading causes of adult mortality and a major contributor to
disability1. Injuries are common in glass factory workers i.e.
cuts, burns etc. The health hazard of glass factory have been
enlisted in ILO encyclopedia2. Very few studies are there
dealing with the prevalence of injuries in the glass factory
workers. It was with this background that the present study
was undertaken to find out the prevalence of injuries in the
Glass Factory workers, Nagpur.
Material and Methods
The study design was cross sectional study with comparison
group. The Study duration was from December 2003 to June
2004 and the study setting was the Glass Factory, Nagpur
situated at 12 km. from Government Medical College, Nagpur.
The study population was 263 Glass Factory workers along
with 263 from Comparison group from adjacent area; age,
sex, socioeconomic status matched and not working in the
similar working environment (Glass Factory). For matching,
group matching was carried out. 10 to 15 workers were
studied and then in the community the comparison group was
matched for age (±2 years), sex and socioeconomic status
(Using modified Kuppuswami’s scale). The purpose of the
study was discussed with the workers. The time schedule
was prepared, so that workers could participate in the study
conveniently.
The pilot study was carried out in the month of December
2003 with predisigned proforma. Interview technique and
general observation were used for data collection. The pilot
study was carried out on 30 workers and 30 from comparison
group. Depending upon the findings of the pilot study, suitable
corrections were made in the proforma and the proforma was
modified. The predisigned, pretested proforma was used for
data collection. In the statistical analysis Percentage and
Chi-square test were used.
Results
Incised injury 156 (59.3%) in the workers and 32 (12.2%)
in the comparison group. This difference was found to
be statistically significant [c2=127.3, df=1, p<0.001].Burns were 73 (27.7%) and 0 (0.0%) in the workers and
comparison group respectively. This difference was found
to be statistically significant (c2=84, p<0.001). In injury, blunt
injury 08 (3%) in the workers and 20 (7.6%) in comparison
group. This difference was found to be statistically significant
(c2=4.5, p<0.05). Blunt injury was significantly more seen
in comparison group. In injury, abrasion 08 (3%) and 52
(19.8%) in workers and the comparison group respectively.
This difference was found to be statistically significant when
clubbed with laceration 6 (2.3%) in workers and 0(0.0%) in
comparison group (c2=23.1, df=1, p<0.001). Abrasions were
significantly more in comparison group.