Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a lethal condition of metabolic disturbances that arise f... more Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a lethal condition of metabolic disturbances that arise from the sudden switch of metabolism from a state of starvation to one of nourishment. Quick recognition would reduce health complications. Physicians who are unaware of the syndrome will not identify and treat it. As nutritional risk is associated with the risk of RFS, physicians should be aware of it. Aim: To determine whether the physicians of King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah know of RFS and, if so, have skills in diagnosis and managing the syndrome. Methods: One hundred and fifty-nine physicians of KAMC were recruited in a cross-sectional study. They were asked to complete a questionnaire by face-to-face interview. The questionnaire was designed to capture physicians’ knowledge and ability to manage RFS based on the awarding of certain scoring points. Results: The level of knowledge among physicians had a significant association between knowledge and age (p = 0.021) and med...
Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular s... more Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. Aim: To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p < 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p < 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.
Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular s... more Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. Aim: To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p < 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p < 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads continuously worldwide. The new vaccines and dr... more The coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads continuously worldwide. The new vaccines and drugs have been approved. The prevention of disease is crucial, and some studies reveal the promising effect of alternative therapies such as vitamin D supplementations on COVID-19 prevention, but they still require sufficient evidence. Therefore, the current retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study aims to determine the primary association between the vitamin D status of hospitalized COVID-19 and its severity as well as mortality. A total of 197 COVID-19 were admitted at King Faisal Hospital, Al Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, and at Complex King Faisal Hospital in Taif in the Westering region of Saudi Arabia (SA) between June and August 2020. The demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory tests included serum 25(OH)D and admission for intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in the hospital, mechanical ventilation (MV) support, and mortality were recorded and analyz...
BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both men and ... more BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both men and women. In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer has been the most prevalent type of cancer in women, for the past few years. Dietary habits and cultural beliefs vary according to region, and further studies are required to demonstrate the relationship between these dietary habits and cultural beliefs and the risk of developing breast cancer. This study is aimed to discover the relationship between preventive dietary factors of the Mediterranean diet and rates of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in King Abdulla Medical City Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia and included 432 Saudi female participants: 218 in the control group and 214 breast cancer patients. All participants were postmenopausal, around the same age, and all were ethnically Arab Saudis. Data were obtained using a self-administered validated questionnai...
Coffee is obtained from the fruits of coffee tree and is one of the most consumed beverages world... more Coffee is obtained from the fruits of coffee tree and is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. It has more several compounds that have an important functional foods. The presented study was planned to study the effect of Arabian coffee (Saudi coffee) consumption on body mass index (BMI), blood glucose level and blood pressure in some normal population of Makkah region. A cross-sectional study was accomplished on a random sample (men and women) who consume Arabian coffee. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Anthropometric measurements, blood glucose levels and blood pressure were determined. The obtained results revealed that people who consumed low amounts of Saudi coffee (1-3 cups) have no significant increase in BMI values and blood pressure, compared to that of who consumed high amounts (≥ 4 cups). In addition to, random blood glucose levels for the three different days during the one week was higher in people who consumed the lowest amount of Saudi coffee compared to that those of who consumed the highest amount. Finally, the present study concluded that Saudi coffee lower BMI values, blood glucose levels and blood pressure. These effects were more detectable with increasing the consumption rate of it.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the key fa... more Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the key factors mediating cardiovascular disease risk, and the underlying atherogenic disease process, is disturbances to metabolism in the postprandial state, particularly with respect to lipoprotein metabolism. A number of studies have demonstrated that prior exercise can reduce postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations, with recent evidence indicating that increased clearance from the circulation of large very low density lipoproteins (VLDL1) plays an important role. However, it was unclear how exercise facilitated this potentially beneficial effect and this was the focus of the present work. The first experimental study in this thesis demonstrated, in 10 overweight/obese men, that 90 minutes of prior moderate exercise increased the affinity of VLDL1 for TG hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase by 2.2-fold in the fasted state (p = 0.02) and 2.6-fold in the postprandial state (p = 0.001), but did...
Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both males ... more Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both males and females. In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer has been the most prevalent type of cancer for the past few years in females. Dietary habits and cultural beliefs vary according to region, and further studies are required to demonstrate the relationship between these dietary habits and cultural beliefs and the risk of developing breast cancer. This study aims to discover the relationship between preventative dietary factors and rates of breast cancer among postmenopausal females in the Mecca region. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at King Abdulla Medical City hospital in Mecca and included 432 Saudi female participants: 218 in a control group and 214 breast cancer patients. All participants were postmenopausal, around the same age, and all were ethnically Arab Saudis. Data was obtained using a self-administered validated questionnaire. Results: Study results showed that a diet inc...
International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 2021
In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi A... more In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased rates of hospital admission, morbidity, and mortality. Globally, the most common causes of ESRD are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, infections, and chronic obstruction. However, very limited data have been presented regarding the etiology of ESRD in Saudi Arabia, especially in Makkah City. Therefore, this cross-sectional study is designed to determine the underlying etiologies of ESRD in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted among 306 patients who were recruited from Makkah hospitals and HD centers. The obtained data showed that diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (34.3%), followed by hypertension (20.9%), drug misuse (12.1%), hereditary conditions (10.1%), urinary tract obstruction, and urinary retention (9.8%), unknown reason (8.2%), and chronic inflammation of the kidneys (3.3%)....
Background There are various factors that play a major role in influencing the overall health con... more Background There are various factors that play a major role in influencing the overall health conditions of women diagnosed with breast cancer. The population of women in Makkah region are diverse, therefore it is significant to highlight the possible determinants of breast cancer in this population. This is a case-control study that assessed determinants of breast cancer including socioeconomic factors, health-related characteristics, menstrual histories and breastfeeding among postmenopausal women in Makkah region in Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 432 female participants (214 cases and 218 controls) were recruited for this study. A validated questionnaire was completed by trained dietitians at King Abdullah Medical City Hospital in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Results Results displayed that determinants of breast cancer were associated significantly (P < 0.05) with unemployment, large family size, lack of knowledge and awareness about breast cancer, obesity, sedentary l...
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Jan 13, 2015
Postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentration is independently associated with cardiovascular dise... more Postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentration is independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Exercise reduces postprandial TG concentrations but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. To determine the effects of exercise on affinity of chylomicrons, large very low density lipoproteins (VLDL1) and smaller VLDL (VLDL2) for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediated TG hydrolysis. Within-participant cross-over study Setting: A University metabolic investigation unit. Ten overweight/obese men. Participants undertook two oral fat tolerance tests, separated by 7-14 days, in which they had blood taken fasting and for 4 hours after a high-fat mixed meal. On the afternoon before one test, they performed a 90-minute treadmill walk at 50% maximal oxygen uptake (EX); no exercise was performed before the control test (CON). Circulating TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations; affinity of chylomicrons, VLDL1, VLDL2 for LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis. Exercise significantly reduced fasting VLDL1-TG c...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi A... more In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased rates of hospital admission, morbidity, and mortality. Globally, the most common causes of ESRD are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, infections, and chronic obstruction. However, very limited data have been presented regarding the etiology of ESRD in Saudi Arabia, especially in Makkah City. Therefore, this crosssectional study is designed to determine the underlying etiologies of ESRD in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted among 306 patients who were recruited from Makkah hospitals and HD centers. The obtained data showed that diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (34.3%), followed by hypertension (20.9%), drug misuse (12.1%), hereditary conditions (10.1%), urinary tract obstruction, and urinary retention (9.8%), unknown reason (8.2%), and chronic inflammation of the kidneys (3.3%). In conclusion, this study highlights the most important factors contributing to ESRD in the Makkah region. Thus, national campaigns should be performed to increase awareness about these factors and to possibly reduce the incidence of the disease.
Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a lethal condition of metabolic disturbances that arise f... more Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a lethal condition of metabolic disturbances that arise from the sudden switch of metabolism from a state of starvation to one of nourishment. Quick recognition would reduce health complications. Physicians who are unaware of the syndrome will not identify and treat it. As nutritional risk is associated with the risk of RFS, physicians should be aware of it. Aim: To determine whether the physicians of King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah know of RFS and, if so, have skills in diagnosis and managing the syndrome. Methods: One hundred and fifty-nine physicians of KAMC were recruited in a cross-sectional study. They were asked to complete a questionnaire by face-to-face interview. The questionnaire was designed to capture physicians’ knowledge and ability to manage RFS based on the awarding of certain scoring points. Results: The level of knowledge among physicians had a significant association between knowledge and age (p = 0.021) and med...
Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular s... more Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. Aim: To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p &lt; 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p &lt; 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.
Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular s... more Background: Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. Aim: To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p < 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p < 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads continuously worldwide. The new vaccines and dr... more The coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads continuously worldwide. The new vaccines and drugs have been approved. The prevention of disease is crucial, and some studies reveal the promising effect of alternative therapies such as vitamin D supplementations on COVID-19 prevention, but they still require sufficient evidence. Therefore, the current retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study aims to determine the primary association between the vitamin D status of hospitalized COVID-19 and its severity as well as mortality. A total of 197 COVID-19 were admitted at King Faisal Hospital, Al Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, and at Complex King Faisal Hospital in Taif in the Westering region of Saudi Arabia (SA) between June and August 2020. The demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory tests included serum 25(OH)D and admission for intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in the hospital, mechanical ventilation (MV) support, and mortality were recorded and analyz...
BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both men and ... more BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both men and women. In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer has been the most prevalent type of cancer in women, for the past few years. Dietary habits and cultural beliefs vary according to region, and further studies are required to demonstrate the relationship between these dietary habits and cultural beliefs and the risk of developing breast cancer. This study is aimed to discover the relationship between preventive dietary factors of the Mediterranean diet and rates of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in King Abdulla Medical City Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia and included 432 Saudi female participants: 218 in the control group and 214 breast cancer patients. All participants were postmenopausal, around the same age, and all were ethnically Arab Saudis. Data were obtained using a self-administered validated questionnai...
Coffee is obtained from the fruits of coffee tree and is one of the most consumed beverages world... more Coffee is obtained from the fruits of coffee tree and is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. It has more several compounds that have an important functional foods. The presented study was planned to study the effect of Arabian coffee (Saudi coffee) consumption on body mass index (BMI), blood glucose level and blood pressure in some normal population of Makkah region. A cross-sectional study was accomplished on a random sample (men and women) who consume Arabian coffee. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Anthropometric measurements, blood glucose levels and blood pressure were determined. The obtained results revealed that people who consumed low amounts of Saudi coffee (1-3 cups) have no significant increase in BMI values and blood pressure, compared to that of who consumed high amounts (≥ 4 cups). In addition to, random blood glucose levels for the three different days during the one week was higher in people who consumed the lowest amount of Saudi coffee compared to that those of who consumed the highest amount. Finally, the present study concluded that Saudi coffee lower BMI values, blood glucose levels and blood pressure. These effects were more detectable with increasing the consumption rate of it.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the key fa... more Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the key factors mediating cardiovascular disease risk, and the underlying atherogenic disease process, is disturbances to metabolism in the postprandial state, particularly with respect to lipoprotein metabolism. A number of studies have demonstrated that prior exercise can reduce postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations, with recent evidence indicating that increased clearance from the circulation of large very low density lipoproteins (VLDL1) plays an important role. However, it was unclear how exercise facilitated this potentially beneficial effect and this was the focus of the present work. The first experimental study in this thesis demonstrated, in 10 overweight/obese men, that 90 minutes of prior moderate exercise increased the affinity of VLDL1 for TG hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase by 2.2-fold in the fasted state (p = 0.02) and 2.6-fold in the postprandial state (p = 0.001), but did...
Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both males ... more Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both males and females. In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer has been the most prevalent type of cancer for the past few years in females. Dietary habits and cultural beliefs vary according to region, and further studies are required to demonstrate the relationship between these dietary habits and cultural beliefs and the risk of developing breast cancer. This study aims to discover the relationship between preventative dietary factors and rates of breast cancer among postmenopausal females in the Mecca region. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at King Abdulla Medical City hospital in Mecca and included 432 Saudi female participants: 218 in a control group and 214 breast cancer patients. All participants were postmenopausal, around the same age, and all were ethnically Arab Saudis. Data was obtained using a self-administered validated questionnaire. Results: Study results showed that a diet inc...
International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 2021
In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi A... more In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased rates of hospital admission, morbidity, and mortality. Globally, the most common causes of ESRD are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, infections, and chronic obstruction. However, very limited data have been presented regarding the etiology of ESRD in Saudi Arabia, especially in Makkah City. Therefore, this cross-sectional study is designed to determine the underlying etiologies of ESRD in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted among 306 patients who were recruited from Makkah hospitals and HD centers. The obtained data showed that diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (34.3%), followed by hypertension (20.9%), drug misuse (12.1%), hereditary conditions (10.1%), urinary tract obstruction, and urinary retention (9.8%), unknown reason (8.2%), and chronic inflammation of the kidneys (3.3%)....
Background There are various factors that play a major role in influencing the overall health con... more Background There are various factors that play a major role in influencing the overall health conditions of women diagnosed with breast cancer. The population of women in Makkah region are diverse, therefore it is significant to highlight the possible determinants of breast cancer in this population. This is a case-control study that assessed determinants of breast cancer including socioeconomic factors, health-related characteristics, menstrual histories and breastfeeding among postmenopausal women in Makkah region in Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 432 female participants (214 cases and 218 controls) were recruited for this study. A validated questionnaire was completed by trained dietitians at King Abdullah Medical City Hospital in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Results Results displayed that determinants of breast cancer were associated significantly (P < 0.05) with unemployment, large family size, lack of knowledge and awareness about breast cancer, obesity, sedentary l...
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Jan 13, 2015
Postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentration is independently associated with cardiovascular dise... more Postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentration is independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Exercise reduces postprandial TG concentrations but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. To determine the effects of exercise on affinity of chylomicrons, large very low density lipoproteins (VLDL1) and smaller VLDL (VLDL2) for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediated TG hydrolysis. Within-participant cross-over study Setting: A University metabolic investigation unit. Ten overweight/obese men. Participants undertook two oral fat tolerance tests, separated by 7-14 days, in which they had blood taken fasting and for 4 hours after a high-fat mixed meal. On the afternoon before one test, they performed a 90-minute treadmill walk at 50% maximal oxygen uptake (EX); no exercise was performed before the control test (CON). Circulating TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations; affinity of chylomicrons, VLDL1, VLDL2 for LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis. Exercise significantly reduced fasting VLDL1-TG c...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi A... more In recent years, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased rates of hospital admission, morbidity, and mortality. Globally, the most common causes of ESRD are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, infections, and chronic obstruction. However, very limited data have been presented regarding the etiology of ESRD in Saudi Arabia, especially in Makkah City. Therefore, this crosssectional study is designed to determine the underlying etiologies of ESRD in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted among 306 patients who were recruited from Makkah hospitals and HD centers. The obtained data showed that diabetes was the most common cause of ESRD (34.3%), followed by hypertension (20.9%), drug misuse (12.1%), hereditary conditions (10.1%), urinary tract obstruction, and urinary retention (9.8%), unknown reason (8.2%), and chronic inflammation of the kidneys (3.3%). In conclusion, this study highlights the most important factors contributing to ESRD in the Makkah region. Thus, national campaigns should be performed to increase awareness about these factors and to possibly reduce the incidence of the disease.
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