This study evaluated a neglected parameterization approach by Rindskof (1984) and its application... more This study evaluated a neglected parameterization approach by Rindskof (1984) and its application to analyzing Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) data. Through taking analyses on a Monte Carlo simulation study and a large review of MTMM studies, I examined the Rindskopf raparameterization model (CTCM-R model) and compared its performance with the other two widely applied CFA-MTMM models, namely, the correlated trait-correlated method model (CTCM) and the correlated trait-correlated uniqueness model (CTCU), in regards to their convergence, admissibility, model fit, and parameter estimation biases. Results from analyzing both simulated MTMM data and previous published MTMM data showed that the CTCM-R model serves as a favorable alternative approach to MTMM studies. INDEX WORDS: Multitrait-Multimethod, Monte Carlo Simulation, Rindskopf
Using a large sample of employees from a Midwestern healthcare organization, this study examines ... more Using a large sample of employees from a Midwestern healthcare organization, this study examines perceived exclusion by dominant group members in a multicultural context. Specifically, this study recognizes diversity resistance as a potential concern for perceived exclusion in multicultural organizations. Leadership remedies such as role modeling diversity practices and communication are explored as behaviors to mitigate exclusion perceptions. Finally, departmental diversity values are tested as a moderator to understand contextual factors which may impact these leadership remedies’ success. Findings indicate that both leadership behaviors are associated with an increased sense of inclusion among dominant group members, which subsequently shows to be related to increased employee engagement. Furthermore, departmental values of diversity did impact the effectiveness of communication behaviors by leaders. This study highlights dominant group exclusion as a potential indicator of resis...
These studies investigate whether individuals with high narcissism scores would be more likely to... more These studies investigate whether individuals with high narcissism scores would be more likely to emerge as leaders during leaderless group discussions. The authors hypothesized that narcissists would emerge as group leaders. In three studies, participants completed personality questionnaires and engaged in four-person leaderless group discussions. Results from all three studies reveal a link between narcissism and leader emergence. Studies 1 and 2 further reveal that the power dimension of narcissism predicted reported leader emergence while controlling for sex, self-esteem, and the Big Five personality traits. Study 3 demonstrates an association between narcissism and expert ratings of leader emergence in a group of executives. The implications of the propensity of narcissists to emerge as leaders are discussed.
The present study addressed many of the questions raised by I/O psychologists about emotional int... more The present study addressed many of the questions raised by I/O psychologists about emotional intelligence. Specifically this research examined the relationship between trait EI and three life outcomes that are expected to be related to EI, life satisfaction, powerlessness, and loneliness. The study also explored the factor structure of the Bar-On EQ-i using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The research also examined the relationship between trait EI and three organizationally relevant variables, job performance, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with multiple regression. Emotional labor has been identified as a moderating variable in the relationship between EI and organizational outcome variables, so these relationships were explored in light of the degree to which the respondent’s work role requires a measure of emotional labor. Finally, a t-test was used to explore any gender differences that exist in overall trait emotional intelligence. A sample of adults working in...
This study investigates the predictive ability of Leadership Developmental Levels (Constructive/D... more This study investigates the predictive ability of Leadership Developmental Levels (Constructive/Developmental Theory) in a model of leader performance. Using 67 executive leaders from a Leadership Development Consulting firm, Leadership Developmental Level was found to predict leader performance for males, but not for females. This study investigates potential sources of this discrepancy, including rater bias, Performance Differences, Developmental Differences, Interpersonal Connection Style, and Gender Moderation. It is found that the source of the gender distinction is in Interpersonal Connection Style.
Journal of College Orientation, Transition, and Retention
Helping first-year students become involved in college via semester- or year-long first-year orie... more Helping first-year students become involved in college via semester- or year-long first-year orientation programs is a major undertaking for college and university administrators. The effect of a weekend-long orientation program on students' involvement in college had yet to be determined until the current study. The authors describe such a program and evaluate its utility. Results revealed that incoming first-year students who attended a weekend-long orientation program were involved in school during their first year, than those who did not attend the program.
This study evaluated a neglected parameterization approach by Rindskof (1984) and its application... more This study evaluated a neglected parameterization approach by Rindskof (1984) and its application to analyzing Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) data. Through taking analyses on a Monte Carlo simulation study and a large review of MTMM studies, I examined the Rindskopf raparameterization model (CTCM-R model) and compared its performance with the other two widely applied CFA-MTMM models, namely, the correlated trait-correlated method model (CTCM) and the correlated trait-correlated uniqueness model (CTCU), in regards to their convergence, admissibility, model fit, and parameter estimation biases. Results from analyzing both simulated MTMM data and previous published MTMM data showed that the CTCM-R model serves as a favorable alternative approach to MTMM studies. INDEX WORDS: Multitrait-Multimethod, Monte Carlo Simulation, Rindskopf
Using a large sample of employees from a Midwestern healthcare organization, this study examines ... more Using a large sample of employees from a Midwestern healthcare organization, this study examines perceived exclusion by dominant group members in a multicultural context. Specifically, this study recognizes diversity resistance as a potential concern for perceived exclusion in multicultural organizations. Leadership remedies such as role modeling diversity practices and communication are explored as behaviors to mitigate exclusion perceptions. Finally, departmental diversity values are tested as a moderator to understand contextual factors which may impact these leadership remedies’ success. Findings indicate that both leadership behaviors are associated with an increased sense of inclusion among dominant group members, which subsequently shows to be related to increased employee engagement. Furthermore, departmental values of diversity did impact the effectiveness of communication behaviors by leaders. This study highlights dominant group exclusion as a potential indicator of resis...
These studies investigate whether individuals with high narcissism scores would be more likely to... more These studies investigate whether individuals with high narcissism scores would be more likely to emerge as leaders during leaderless group discussions. The authors hypothesized that narcissists would emerge as group leaders. In three studies, participants completed personality questionnaires and engaged in four-person leaderless group discussions. Results from all three studies reveal a link between narcissism and leader emergence. Studies 1 and 2 further reveal that the power dimension of narcissism predicted reported leader emergence while controlling for sex, self-esteem, and the Big Five personality traits. Study 3 demonstrates an association between narcissism and expert ratings of leader emergence in a group of executives. The implications of the propensity of narcissists to emerge as leaders are discussed.
The present study addressed many of the questions raised by I/O psychologists about emotional int... more The present study addressed many of the questions raised by I/O psychologists about emotional intelligence. Specifically this research examined the relationship between trait EI and three life outcomes that are expected to be related to EI, life satisfaction, powerlessness, and loneliness. The study also explored the factor structure of the Bar-On EQ-i using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The research also examined the relationship between trait EI and three organizationally relevant variables, job performance, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with multiple regression. Emotional labor has been identified as a moderating variable in the relationship between EI and organizational outcome variables, so these relationships were explored in light of the degree to which the respondent’s work role requires a measure of emotional labor. Finally, a t-test was used to explore any gender differences that exist in overall trait emotional intelligence. A sample of adults working in...
This study investigates the predictive ability of Leadership Developmental Levels (Constructive/D... more This study investigates the predictive ability of Leadership Developmental Levels (Constructive/Developmental Theory) in a model of leader performance. Using 67 executive leaders from a Leadership Development Consulting firm, Leadership Developmental Level was found to predict leader performance for males, but not for females. This study investigates potential sources of this discrepancy, including rater bias, Performance Differences, Developmental Differences, Interpersonal Connection Style, and Gender Moderation. It is found that the source of the gender distinction is in Interpersonal Connection Style.
Journal of College Orientation, Transition, and Retention
Helping first-year students become involved in college via semester- or year-long first-year orie... more Helping first-year students become involved in college via semester- or year-long first-year orientation programs is a major undertaking for college and university administrators. The effect of a weekend-long orientation program on students' involvement in college had yet to be determined until the current study. The authors describe such a program and evaluate its utility. Results revealed that incoming first-year students who attended a weekend-long orientation program were involved in school during their first year, than those who did not attend the program.
Authentic Leadership Theory and Practice: Origins, Effects and Development, 2005
Based on research with 21 top executives, we have identified a measurable characteristic that hig... more Based on research with 21 top executives, we have identified a measurable characteristic that highly effective leaders have in common: Leadership Development Level (or LDL). LDLs are developmental levels of maturity that shape the mental and moral capacities of the leader. While the highest LDLs are associated with authentic leadership, the theory behind LDL focuses on the leader's developmental understanding of his or her world, and how that understanding differs at each LDL. In this way, LDL describes the process by which leaders become authentic leaders. In this chapter, we explain what LDL is, how it works, and it's utility for understanding leadership development and leader effectiveness. Over the past century we have struggled with how to accurately identify and develop future leaders. The truth is we often know effective leadership when we see it and most of us know from experience the impact of poor leadership
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