Short papers by Katalin Nagy
Határtalan Régészet, 2017
A tudomány és az oktatás szolgálatában A tudomány és az oktatás szolgálatában Buday, a római koro... more A tudomány és az oktatás szolgálatában A tudomány és az oktatás szolgálatában Buday, a római koros régész Buday Árpád erdélyi ró-mai koros régészeti kutatá-sai mindössze egy rövid, de annál intenzívebb időszakra terjednek ki. Legkorábbi tu-dományos publikációi a római felirattanhoz kötődnek, me-lyekben főként az Erdély terü-letéről előkerült feliratos em-lékeket közölte le. 1912-ben pedig megjelentette a Római felirattan című kézikönyvét. A Pósta Béla által vezetett kolozsvári régészeti iskolában a római limes tanulmányozása kiemelt szerepet kapott. Ennek megszervezésével, gyakorlati lebonyolításával és kivitelezésé-vel Buday Árpádot bízták meg. Akárcsak Torma Károly, Buday Árpád is Dacia északnyu-gati limesszakaszával kezdte meg a munkát. 1911 júliusában bejárta a limes Sebesvár (Kolozs megye) és Tihó (Szilágy me-gye) közötti szakaszát, majd az ókori Porolissum (Mojgrád, Szilágy megye) környékét vizsgálta át a római határvédelem szempontjából. Bár megfigyelései sok esetben helyesnek bi-zonyultak, a meszesi töltésrendszerről a későbbi kutatások egyértelműen bebizonyították, hogy az nem volt folytonos, hanem számos őrtoronyból állt. Buday vitathatatlan érdemei között szerepel azonban, hogy kísérletet tett a limesrendszer relatív időrendjének megállapítására, és az erődítési rendszer elemeinek pontos megfigyelései is az ő nevéhez fűződnek. Buday fő életcélját a teljes daciai limes kutatásában látta. Behatóbban foglalkozott Dacia délkeleti határának elméleti problémáival, a daciai határvédelem többlépcsős, fokozatos kiépítésével, valamint a Dacia és Pannonia között lévő Duna-Tisza köze déli végében elhelyezkedő római töltésrendszer beazonosítá-sával is. Ásatási jelentései és eredményeinek közlései alapos, rend-szeres és mai szemmel nézve is korszerű feltárásokról árulkodnak. Már másodéves hallga-tóként bekapcsolódott a Pósta Béla által újjá-szervezett régészeti intézetben és a ré-giségtárban folyó munkákba. Az évek során mestere "jobb-keze" lett, és a tudomá-nyos ranglétra szinte minden lépcsőfokát kijárta. 1905-ben házasodtak össze menyasszonyával, Hilf Margittal. A családban "Édinek" becézett felesége hűsé-ges társa volt Budaynak, biztos, harmonikus családi hátteret teremtett számára. Házasságukból négy gyermek született, köztük az ismert grafikus-és fametszőművész, György. Erdély 1918-as román megszállása a Buday család életét is gyökeresen megváltoztatta. Pósta halálát követően, 1919-ben átvette az intézet és a múzeum irányítását, azonban még ebben az évben letartóztatták. A hadbíróság-bár az ügyész a halálra ítélésére tett indítványt-fél év után felmentette. Bu-day Árpádot alacsonyabb beosztásban, de visszavették az in-tézetbe, viszont addigi munkája teljesen ellehetetlenült. Budayt 1924 májusában nevezték ki a Kolozsvárról áttele-pült szegedi egyetem Régészeti Intézetének élére, és még eb-ben az évben át is költözött a családjával a dél-alföldi városba, ahol haláláig vezette az intézetet, de emellett számos egyete-mi tisztséget is betöltött (így a bölcsészkar dékánja is volt). Bu-day kiemelt fontosságúnak tartotta, hogy felkeltse tudománya iránt a nagyközönség figyelmét. Ezért számos ismeretterjesztő előadást tartott, főként a szegedi évei során. A Buday házaspár számára történész fiuk, Kálmán 1936-os tragikus halála hatal-mas csapást jelentett. Feltehetőleg ez is hozzájárult Buday be-tegségének felgyorsulásához, aki végül 1937-ben, 58 évesen, hosszas szenvedés után hunyt el Szegeden. A latin szerzők a limes szót a megjelölt vagy megerősített határszakasz megnevezésére használták. A modern kor történészei e kifeje-zést a Római Birodalom határvé-delmi rendszerével tették egyenértékűvé.
Books by Katalin Nagy
Following Alba Iulia and Nyíregyháza, the third conference on museum history was organized in Sze... more Following Alba Iulia and Nyíregyháza, the third conference on museum history was organized in Szeged – first postponed by the pandemic, then arranged online. Though 10–11 November 2021 still fell in the Covid-period, still it was a happy time that now we tend to call the pre-war era. Today we know that it was a peaceful and friendly period, when composing the mailing list of the invitees we did not have to consider the citizenship of the participants.
The present volume includes 21 contributions from the researchers of Romania, Russia, Crimea, and Hungary. They cover wide and varied topics of general museum history, exhibitions, museum history and archaeology, public education, and archaeological parks. Even though participants come from different institutions (big and small museums, universities, research centres) of different countries, during the days of the conference and now, turning the pages of the present volume we see a lot of similarities in the history, foundation circumstances, building problems of our museums, and the enumeration can be continued…
I close this short introduction by expressing the hope that the series of conferences on museum history (the most precious of which is a personal meeting with colleagues) will continue in the nearest – peaceful! – future.
On the behalf of the organizers
Valéria Kulcsár
Edited books by Katalin Nagy
Papers by Katalin Nagy
Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 2010
ABSTRACT: We investigate the structure and stability of armchair [3,3] carbon nanotube junctions.... more ABSTRACT: We investigate the structure and stability of armchair [3,3] carbon nanotube junctions. The structures are constructed by opening a fullerene at the core hexagon in the sumanene unit. Series of objects are built up by increasing the tube length. The changes appearing ...
Dolgozatok az Erdélyi Múzeum Érem- és Régiségtárából, Új Sorozat XII–XIII., 2017
Árpád Buday was one of the most important Roman archaeologists at the rise of the archaeological ... more Árpád Buday was one of the most important Roman archaeologists at the rise of the archaeological research in Transylvania in the beginning of the 20th century. The results of his very diverse activity are mostly accepted by scholars even today; his works are constantly cited in scientific papers. This article tends to explore and determine the scientific profile of this very productive scholar, and meanwhile, to highlight the impact of the social, political and cultural ideologies of his own era on his studies and scientific outputs.
Prior to 1924, the date of his emigration to Szeged, Hungary, following the annexation of Transylvania to Romania, his archaeological field investigations in Transylvania were focusing on four different domains. He was best-known in his own age for his landmark research related to the Roman limes in Dacia. His results in this domain, however, are not discussed here, since a separate article deals with them in the same volume. What is very relevant from the perspective of my investigation, is the fact that he was the first archaeologist who has carried out modern and very systematic excavations on Roman villa sites (Mănerău, Hunedoara County: Pl. 4; Apahida/Tarcea Mică, Cluj County: Pl. 5; Gârbou, Sălaj County: Pl. 6). No later excavations were undertaken at these sites since his investigations, so his results are the
only evidences of Roman villa culture at these parts of the province.
Beside the villas, Buday is mostly renowned for his pioneer researches in Porolissum (Moigrad, Sălaj County). Altough many attempts have been done prior Buday’s activity to identify the Roman settlement Porolissum known from inscriptions, he was undoubtedly the first scholar who managed to localize it, and to reconstruct some basic chronological and topographical aspects of the Roman settlement. His excavations carried out in 1908, 1909, and 1913 in a presumed insula of the city
were among the most meticulous ones in that period (Pl. 1–3). Later excavations near his site using modern technology (geomagnetic surveys) have also confirmed the assumption of Buday regarding
the existence of the medieval Saint Margaret monastery (11th–12th c.) at Meseș (excavations from 1915), which has been known only from written documents (Pl. 3). The consecutive campaigns at
this site delivered a large quantity of small finds which were published in a very professional manner. Find context, precise dimensions, analogies, spatial distribution were all mentioned in these reports.
Hence, his small find publications meet even the requirements of our modern standards. Buday’s fourth main research domain is, without any doubt, the Roman small find processing. He has published not only the finds recovered during his own excavations, but also pieces of the rich Numismatic and Archaeological Collection of the Transylvanian Museum Society in Cluj (Pl. 7–8).
As a citizen of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, his working method and approach is totally positivist, as many of other scholars of his age at the turn of the 20th century. From his footnotes and references it is obvious that his formation and education is related to the German-Austrian education system. Most of his references, analogies for constructions and small finds are taken from German literature. It is very interesting, though, that Buday is totally indifferent to the trends and subjects which have dominated the discourse of historical and archaeological studies of the Roman Age in his
time, such as Romanization, for instance. He does not reflect on cultural processes and is not interested in the possible acculturation of the local population, either. Instead, he projects the social and cultural
structures of his own age to the Roman realities. His interpretations on the architectural elements, for instance, are totally defined by these. A reoccurring element in the planimetry of the buildings unearthed by him is the delimitation of the so-called “manor” and “servant” part of the constructions (he consequently calls Roman slaves “servants”, just like in his own age). The classification of building
parts based on social aspects is so deeply set that he determines the function of other rooms according to these categories. The other scholarly cliché he uses frequently in his interpretations, is the forced
identification of the atrium in the case of provincial habitual buildings or villas which could be due to his classical formation.
Árpád Buday may not be the most influential Roman archaeologist in the first half of the 20th century, his excavations carried out in Transylvania are all exploratory investigations though. His results in the topography of Porolissum or in the architecture of villas in Transylvania, not to mention
his find publications are impossible to ignore today. Despite his humorous interpretations in some cases, his results turned to be surprisingly correct.
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Short papers by Katalin Nagy
Books by Katalin Nagy
The present volume includes 21 contributions from the researchers of Romania, Russia, Crimea, and Hungary. They cover wide and varied topics of general museum history, exhibitions, museum history and archaeology, public education, and archaeological parks. Even though participants come from different institutions (big and small museums, universities, research centres) of different countries, during the days of the conference and now, turning the pages of the present volume we see a lot of similarities in the history, foundation circumstances, building problems of our museums, and the enumeration can be continued…
I close this short introduction by expressing the hope that the series of conferences on museum history (the most precious of which is a personal meeting with colleagues) will continue in the nearest – peaceful! – future.
On the behalf of the organizers
Valéria Kulcsár
Edited books by Katalin Nagy
Papers by Katalin Nagy
Prior to 1924, the date of his emigration to Szeged, Hungary, following the annexation of Transylvania to Romania, his archaeological field investigations in Transylvania were focusing on four different domains. He was best-known in his own age for his landmark research related to the Roman limes in Dacia. His results in this domain, however, are not discussed here, since a separate article deals with them in the same volume. What is very relevant from the perspective of my investigation, is the fact that he was the first archaeologist who has carried out modern and very systematic excavations on Roman villa sites (Mănerău, Hunedoara County: Pl. 4; Apahida/Tarcea Mică, Cluj County: Pl. 5; Gârbou, Sălaj County: Pl. 6). No later excavations were undertaken at these sites since his investigations, so his results are the
only evidences of Roman villa culture at these parts of the province.
Beside the villas, Buday is mostly renowned for his pioneer researches in Porolissum (Moigrad, Sălaj County). Altough many attempts have been done prior Buday’s activity to identify the Roman settlement Porolissum known from inscriptions, he was undoubtedly the first scholar who managed to localize it, and to reconstruct some basic chronological and topographical aspects of the Roman settlement. His excavations carried out in 1908, 1909, and 1913 in a presumed insula of the city
were among the most meticulous ones in that period (Pl. 1–3). Later excavations near his site using modern technology (geomagnetic surveys) have also confirmed the assumption of Buday regarding
the existence of the medieval Saint Margaret monastery (11th–12th c.) at Meseș (excavations from 1915), which has been known only from written documents (Pl. 3). The consecutive campaigns at
this site delivered a large quantity of small finds which were published in a very professional manner. Find context, precise dimensions, analogies, spatial distribution were all mentioned in these reports.
Hence, his small find publications meet even the requirements of our modern standards. Buday’s fourth main research domain is, without any doubt, the Roman small find processing. He has published not only the finds recovered during his own excavations, but also pieces of the rich Numismatic and Archaeological Collection of the Transylvanian Museum Society in Cluj (Pl. 7–8).
As a citizen of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, his working method and approach is totally positivist, as many of other scholars of his age at the turn of the 20th century. From his footnotes and references it is obvious that his formation and education is related to the German-Austrian education system. Most of his references, analogies for constructions and small finds are taken from German literature. It is very interesting, though, that Buday is totally indifferent to the trends and subjects which have dominated the discourse of historical and archaeological studies of the Roman Age in his
time, such as Romanization, for instance. He does not reflect on cultural processes and is not interested in the possible acculturation of the local population, either. Instead, he projects the social and cultural
structures of his own age to the Roman realities. His interpretations on the architectural elements, for instance, are totally defined by these. A reoccurring element in the planimetry of the buildings unearthed by him is the delimitation of the so-called “manor” and “servant” part of the constructions (he consequently calls Roman slaves “servants”, just like in his own age). The classification of building
parts based on social aspects is so deeply set that he determines the function of other rooms according to these categories. The other scholarly cliché he uses frequently in his interpretations, is the forced
identification of the atrium in the case of provincial habitual buildings or villas which could be due to his classical formation.
Árpád Buday may not be the most influential Roman archaeologist in the first half of the 20th century, his excavations carried out in Transylvania are all exploratory investigations though. His results in the topography of Porolissum or in the architecture of villas in Transylvania, not to mention
his find publications are impossible to ignore today. Despite his humorous interpretations in some cases, his results turned to be surprisingly correct.
The present volume includes 21 contributions from the researchers of Romania, Russia, Crimea, and Hungary. They cover wide and varied topics of general museum history, exhibitions, museum history and archaeology, public education, and archaeological parks. Even though participants come from different institutions (big and small museums, universities, research centres) of different countries, during the days of the conference and now, turning the pages of the present volume we see a lot of similarities in the history, foundation circumstances, building problems of our museums, and the enumeration can be continued…
I close this short introduction by expressing the hope that the series of conferences on museum history (the most precious of which is a personal meeting with colleagues) will continue in the nearest – peaceful! – future.
On the behalf of the organizers
Valéria Kulcsár
Prior to 1924, the date of his emigration to Szeged, Hungary, following the annexation of Transylvania to Romania, his archaeological field investigations in Transylvania were focusing on four different domains. He was best-known in his own age for his landmark research related to the Roman limes in Dacia. His results in this domain, however, are not discussed here, since a separate article deals with them in the same volume. What is very relevant from the perspective of my investigation, is the fact that he was the first archaeologist who has carried out modern and very systematic excavations on Roman villa sites (Mănerău, Hunedoara County: Pl. 4; Apahida/Tarcea Mică, Cluj County: Pl. 5; Gârbou, Sălaj County: Pl. 6). No later excavations were undertaken at these sites since his investigations, so his results are the
only evidences of Roman villa culture at these parts of the province.
Beside the villas, Buday is mostly renowned for his pioneer researches in Porolissum (Moigrad, Sălaj County). Altough many attempts have been done prior Buday’s activity to identify the Roman settlement Porolissum known from inscriptions, he was undoubtedly the first scholar who managed to localize it, and to reconstruct some basic chronological and topographical aspects of the Roman settlement. His excavations carried out in 1908, 1909, and 1913 in a presumed insula of the city
were among the most meticulous ones in that period (Pl. 1–3). Later excavations near his site using modern technology (geomagnetic surveys) have also confirmed the assumption of Buday regarding
the existence of the medieval Saint Margaret monastery (11th–12th c.) at Meseș (excavations from 1915), which has been known only from written documents (Pl. 3). The consecutive campaigns at
this site delivered a large quantity of small finds which were published in a very professional manner. Find context, precise dimensions, analogies, spatial distribution were all mentioned in these reports.
Hence, his small find publications meet even the requirements of our modern standards. Buday’s fourth main research domain is, without any doubt, the Roman small find processing. He has published not only the finds recovered during his own excavations, but also pieces of the rich Numismatic and Archaeological Collection of the Transylvanian Museum Society in Cluj (Pl. 7–8).
As a citizen of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, his working method and approach is totally positivist, as many of other scholars of his age at the turn of the 20th century. From his footnotes and references it is obvious that his formation and education is related to the German-Austrian education system. Most of his references, analogies for constructions and small finds are taken from German literature. It is very interesting, though, that Buday is totally indifferent to the trends and subjects which have dominated the discourse of historical and archaeological studies of the Roman Age in his
time, such as Romanization, for instance. He does not reflect on cultural processes and is not interested in the possible acculturation of the local population, either. Instead, he projects the social and cultural
structures of his own age to the Roman realities. His interpretations on the architectural elements, for instance, are totally defined by these. A reoccurring element in the planimetry of the buildings unearthed by him is the delimitation of the so-called “manor” and “servant” part of the constructions (he consequently calls Roman slaves “servants”, just like in his own age). The classification of building
parts based on social aspects is so deeply set that he determines the function of other rooms according to these categories. The other scholarly cliché he uses frequently in his interpretations, is the forced
identification of the atrium in the case of provincial habitual buildings or villas which could be due to his classical formation.
Árpád Buday may not be the most influential Roman archaeologist in the first half of the 20th century, his excavations carried out in Transylvania are all exploratory investigations though. His results in the topography of Porolissum or in the architecture of villas in Transylvania, not to mention
his find publications are impossible to ignore today. Despite his humorous interpretations in some cases, his results turned to be surprisingly correct.