Proximal tubular sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) transports glucose and sodium with a 1:1... more Proximal tubular sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) transports glucose and sodium with a 1:1 stoichiometry. However, studies have indicated that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors does not substantially increase the urinary excretion rate of sodium, while that of glucose is markedly increased. These data suggest that urinary sodium is reabsorbed by other mechanisms distal to the nephron during SGLT2 inhibition. Here, we aimed to investigate whether diuretics affect the SGLT2 inhibitor-induced changes in the urinary excretion rate of sodium in obese metabolic syndrome SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) (SHRcp) rats. Male 13-week-old SHRcp rats were treated with: 1) vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose), 2) a SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.), 3) luseogliflozin + hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or 4) luseogliflozin + hydrochlorothiazide + furosemide (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 5 weeks (n = 6-8 per group). Blood pressure and glucose metabolism were evaluated by telemetry and oral glucose tolerance test respectively. Vehicle-treated SHRcp rats developed non-dipper type hypertension (night and day time systolic blood pressure; 186 ± 2 and 185 ± 2 mmHg, respectively) and insulin resistance. As compared with vehicle-treated animals, luseogliflozin-treated rats showed an approximately 4,000-fold increase in urinary glucose excretion and improved glucose metabolism. Luseogliflozin also slightly decreased blood pressure, which was associated with an approximately 30% increase in urinary excretion of sodium. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide or hydrochlorothiazide + furosemide further decreased blood pressure and improved blood pressure circadian rhythm to a dipper profile in luseogliflozin-treated animals. In these animals, urinary sodium excretion tended to be increased by diuretics, although these changes were not statistically significant. These data indicate that SGLT2 inhibitor-induced natriuresis is not enhanced by diuretics. Thus, SGLT2 inhibitors may elicit their beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and hypertension in patients who are treated with diuretics.
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2022
Objective: The research was designed to assess the consequences of Azadirachta indica aqueous lea... more Objective: The research was designed to assess the consequences of Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract (AILE) on neuropathic pain in Wister rats and the role of the ATP-dependent potassium channel (KATP) as an underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: This experimental layout was conducted on Wistar rats (n = 120) having 150 to 200 gm of body weight. On the foundation of the experimental design, rats were divided into group I (normal saline, 5 ml/kg/body weight) and group II (sham surgery and treatment with NS), group III [chronic constriction injury (CCI) in the sciatic nerve; and treated with NS], group IV (CCI and treated with AILE 400 mg/kg body weight), Group V (CCI, pretreated with Glibenclamide 15 mg/kg followed by treated with AILE 400 mg/kg). All the treatments were given once daily for a consecutive 21 days via the oral route, except Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide was given once through the intraperitoneal route on the day of the experiment. Results: Based on the neuropathic pain evaluation test, all groups were again sub-divided into subgroup “a” (walking tract analysis), “b” (cold tail immersion test), “c” (Von Frey test), and “d” (hot plate test). AILE showed a significantly higher sciatic functional index (p < 0.05) in walking track analysis, tail flick latency (p ≤ 0.05) in the cold tail immersion test, and paw withdrawal threshold (p ≤ 0.05) in the Von Frey test compared to CCI control. In addition, a nonsignificant difference in all these above-mentioned variables between the rats with CCI plus AILE and the CCI plus AILE plus glibenclamide group indicated that the KATP channel was not involved in the beneficial analgesic effects of AILE. Conclusions: The outcome of the present study indicates that AILE prevented worsening of neu¬ropathic pain after chronic constriction injury in the sciatic nerve of Wistar rats in which the KATP channel was not involved.
Several studies have indicated that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decr... more Several studies have indicated that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreases blood pressure. We aimed to examine the effects of vildagliptin, a specific DPP-4 inhibitor, on blood pressure and its dipping pattern in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Male DSS rats were treated with a high salt (8% NaCl) diet and vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose) or vildagliptin (3 or 10 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) for 7 days (n = 7 per group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by telemetry. High salt diet for 7 days significantly increased MAP with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in DSS rats. Vildagliptin dose-dependently inhibited DPP-4 enzymatic activity and increased plasma GLP-1 levels. Furthermore, vildagliptin dose-dependently attenuated the development of salt-induced hypertension. Interestingly, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern. In anesthetized high salt-diet DSS rats, acute intra-cerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500 μg in 10 μl solution) did not alter MAP or heart rate (n = 4). These data suggest that treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, attenuates the extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure and development of salt sensitive hypertension by increasing urinary sodium excretion. These effects of vildagliptin may not be mediated through the central nervous system.
Background and Aim: Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential ... more Background and Aim: Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine whether antibiotic residues were present in the chicken meat, eggs, feces, and feed collected from all four districts in the Mymensingh division of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: To detect antibiotic residues in the collected samples, qualitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used. A total of 230 samples were analyzed for commonly used 11 antibiotics residue. Out of these, 40 meats and 40 feces samples were collected from broilers and layers, 30 egg samples from duck and layer, and 120 feed samples from both broilers and layers from the study area. Thin-layer chromatography was used for screening the presence of antibiotic residues; TLC-positive samples were then subjected to further HPLC analysis to determine the residue concent...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology
Many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace antibiotics as ... more Many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace antibiotics as growth promoters. Probiotics and phytobiotics are some of the products that can be used as growth promoters in broiler. The present study was designed to investigate either single or combined effect of a probiotic and phytobiotic on serum bio-chemistry and growth performances in broilers. A total of 50 Cobb-500 day old chicks were divided into five groups (10 birds each). The birds of Group A were offered a basal diet (corn-soya based), Group B basal diet + 0.10% Renamycin 100®, Group C basal diet + 0.15% probiotic (Bio-Top®), Group D basal diet + 0.10% phytobiotic (Galibiotic) and Group E basal diet + 0.15% Bio-Top® + 0.10% Galibiotic. Body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and serum bio-chemistry (Triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, creatinine) were recorded. Serum biochemical values differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups. The average...
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of spirulina on production, hematological pa... more The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of spirulina on production, hematological parameters and lipid profile in layers. Thirty (30) layer birds of 65 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) containing 10 birds in each group. Birds were subjected to treatments for a period of 1 month (30 days) as per fol lowing schedule: Group-A treated with 2gm spirulina/kg feed; Group-B: treated with 4gm spirulina/kg feed and Group-C: without any treatment. With the supplementation of spirulina, feed consumption and body weight were not affected, but egg production was increased significantly. Results showed that total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in treated groups compared to control. Serum total cholesterol (TG), triglyceride (TC)) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly decreased, as well as HDL was increased (P<0.05) with addition of the i...
The aim of the present study is to investigate whether a disruption of the dipping pattern of blo... more The aim of the present study is to investigate whether a disruption of the dipping pattern of blood pressure (BP) is associated with the progression of renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) hypertensive rats. Seven-week-old DSS rats were fed a high salt diet (HSD; 8% NaCl) for 10 weeks, followed by a transition to a normal salt diet (NSD; 0.3% NaCl) for 4 weeks. At baseline, NSD-fed DSS rats showed a dipper-type circadian rhythm of BP. By contrast, HSD for 5 days caused a significant increase in the difference between the active and inactive periods of BP with an extreme dipper type of BP, while proteinuria and renal tissue injury were not observed. Interestingly, HSD feeding for 10 weeks developed hypertension with a non-dipper pattern of BP, which was associated with obvious proteinuria and renal tissue injury. Four weeks after switching to an NSD, BP and proteinuria were significantly decreased, and the BP circadian rhythm returned to the normal dipper pattern. These data sug...
The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic structure of water buffalo farming at... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic structure of water buffalo farming at some selected coastal areas of Bhola district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from the 35 small and large farms by surveying during the period January to March, 2015. The study revealed that buffalo rearing was mostly practiced by middle (30-45yrs) and old (>45yrs) aged farmers than young farmers (<30yrs). Majority (45.71%) of the buffalo farmers were educated, have no organized housing facilities for sheltering and depend on locally available roughages and tree leaves to fed buffaloes. The average lactation length was found 228 days andmilk yield was 2.1 litres/ buffalo/ days. The Gross Margin and Net farm profitability per dairy buffalo per lactation year over cash cost and non-cash cost were stood at Tk. 55866.65 & Tk. 51127.89 and Tk.44954.65 & Tk. 40435.39 for Herd size-1 and Herd size-2, respectively that indicates rearing of small- scale dairy buffaloes is highly profit...
Many medicinal plants are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various ailments, in... more Many medicinal plants are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes, all around the world. This study was designed to elucidate the comparative efficacy of Tribulus terrestris, Andrographis paniculata, and Lagerstroemia speciosa on glucose intolerance, lipid profile, renal and pancreatic injury in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic mice. In this study, four-week-old male Swiss Albino mice were divided into six groups of five each. To assess toxicity, Group-X was given saline water, while Group-Y was given a combination herbal formulation at a high dose (1 g/kg bwt). No adverse effect of combined formula on body weight and blood glucose was observed in normal healthy mice. The other four groups were labeled as Group-A, healthy normal mice; Group-B, Diabetic mice; Group-C, Diabetic mice treated with Andrographis paniculata, Tribulus terristris @ 200 mg/kg and Lagerstroemia speciosa @ 0.5ml/animal; and Group-D, Diabetic mice treated with Amary...
A large variety of herbal elements are employed in the treatment of diabetes for their better eff... more A large variety of herbal elements are employed in the treatment of diabetes for their better efficacy and safety compare to synthetic drugs. In this experiment Spirulina platensis was used to evaluate the antidiabetic, kidney & pancreas injury protective potential in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Male Long Evans rats having six weeks of age were used for the experiment. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan @ 150 mg/kg and experiment was carried out for a period of six weeks. The study was conducted by dividing the animal into three groups (n=7 rats in each group) indicated as with Group-A (healthy control); Group-B (diabetic control); Group-C (Diabetic rats treated with Spirulina platensis @ 400 mg/kg). Spirulina platensis reduced blood glucose significantly (P<0.01) and improved the body weight losses significantly (P<0.05) compared to diabetic rats after six weeks treatment. The histopathological alteration was observed in the kidney of diabetic rat...
There are substantial public health consequences when hazardous heavy metal contaminants and anti... more There are substantial public health consequences when hazardous heavy metal contaminants and antimicrobial drug residues are present in broiler edible tissues. This study aimed to assess the concentration of antimicrobial drugs and heavy metals residues in broiler meat, bones and edible composites (combinations of liver, kidney and gizzard). Samples were collected from different types of broiler farms, broiler wet meat markets and supermarkets, covering all five divisions of Bangladesh. The antimicrobial drug and heavy metal residues were analyzed by uHPLC and ICP-MS, respectively. In addition, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among broiler meat consumers in the study areas to evaluate their attitude towards the consumption of broiler meat. The survey clearly stated that broiler meat consumers in Bangladesh have a negative attitude toward the consumption of broiler meat, although all respondents reported to eat broiler meat regularly. The antibiotic with the highest prevalence...
Background and Aim: The bovine industry is threatened by one of the most serious and deadly enter... more Background and Aim: The bovine industry is threatened by one of the most serious and deadly enteric diseases, calf diarrhea, particularly in developing nations like Bangladesh. In this context, bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs and its detrimental consequences have become a critical public health issue that is difficult to address globally. This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. with their antibiogram and antibiotic resistance gene detection from sulfonamide-treated diarrheic calves.
Materials and Methods: Twelve diarrheic calves suffering from calf diarrhea in a dairy farm were selected and a total of 36 fecal samples were aseptically collected directly from rectum before, during, and at the end of treatment for each calf to determine the total viable count, total E. coli count and total Salmonella count. A polymerase chain reaction was used for the specific detection of E. coli and Salmonella genus targeting fliC and invA genes, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed by the disk diffusion method for eight commonly used antibiotics.
Results: A total of 36 E. coli (100%) and 12 Salmonella spp. (33%) were isolated from the samples and were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Total viable count was found to be ranged from 35 × 107 to 99 × 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, 34 × 105 to 25 × 1010 CFU/g during treatment with sulfonamide, and 48 × 103 to 69 × 1010 CFU/g immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment. Total E. coli count was found to be ranged from 4 × 104 to 36 × 1010 CFU/g, 24 × 104 to 23 × 108 CFU/g, and 13 × 104 to 85 × 1010 CFU/g, whereas total Salmonella count was found to be ranged from 16 × 106 to 18.5 × 1011 CFU/g, 15 × 104 to 44 × 107 CFU/g, and 13.2 × 105 to 21 × 1010 CFU/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, during treatment with sulfonamide immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment, respectively. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrheic calves (100%) contained multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Escherichia coli isolates were found 100% resistant to amoxicillin (AMX), cefuroxime, cephalexin (CN), erythromycin (ERY), and tetracycline (TET); whereas 94.4%, 86.1%, and 77.8% isolates were resistant to doxycycline (DOX), moxifloxacin (MOF), and gentamycin (GEN), respectively. In case of Salmonella isolates, all were found 100% resistant to AMX, CN, and ERY; whereas 91.7% of resistance was observed for DOX, MOF, cefuroxime, GEN, and TET. Based on the molecular screening of the antibiotic resistance genes, tetA gene was present in 83.3% of the isolated E. coli and 75% of the isolated Salmonella strains, whereas 83.3% E. coli and 79.2% Salmonella isolates contained blaTEM gene.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. might be responsible for calf scouring, which is challenging to treat with antibiotics or sulfonamide drugs alone. Therefore, it is important to check the antibiotic sensitivity pattern to select a suitable antibiotic for the treatment of calf scoring. A suitable antibiotic or combination of an antibiotic and sulfonamide could be effective against E. coli and Salmonella spp. responsible for calf scouring.
Proximal tubular sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) transports glucose and sodium with a 1:1... more Proximal tubular sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) transports glucose and sodium with a 1:1 stoichiometry. However, studies have indicated that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors does not substantially increase the urinary excretion rate of sodium, while that of glucose is markedly increased. These data suggest that urinary sodium is reabsorbed by other mechanisms distal to the nephron during SGLT2 inhibition. Here, we aimed to investigate whether diuretics affect the SGLT2 inhibitor-induced changes in the urinary excretion rate of sodium in obese metabolic syndrome SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) (SHRcp) rats. Male 13-week-old SHRcp rats were treated with: 1) vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose), 2) a SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.), 3) luseogliflozin + hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or 4) luseogliflozin + hydrochlorothiazide + furosemide (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 5 weeks (n = 6-8 per group). Blood pressure and glucose metabolism were evaluated by telemetry and oral glucose tolerance test respectively. Vehicle-treated SHRcp rats developed non-dipper type hypertension (night and day time systolic blood pressure; 186 ± 2 and 185 ± 2 mmHg, respectively) and insulin resistance. As compared with vehicle-treated animals, luseogliflozin-treated rats showed an approximately 4,000-fold increase in urinary glucose excretion and improved glucose metabolism. Luseogliflozin also slightly decreased blood pressure, which was associated with an approximately 30% increase in urinary excretion of sodium. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide or hydrochlorothiazide + furosemide further decreased blood pressure and improved blood pressure circadian rhythm to a dipper profile in luseogliflozin-treated animals. In these animals, urinary sodium excretion tended to be increased by diuretics, although these changes were not statistically significant. These data indicate that SGLT2 inhibitor-induced natriuresis is not enhanced by diuretics. Thus, SGLT2 inhibitors may elicit their beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and hypertension in patients who are treated with diuretics.
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2022
Objective: The research was designed to assess the consequences of Azadirachta indica aqueous lea... more Objective: The research was designed to assess the consequences of Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract (AILE) on neuropathic pain in Wister rats and the role of the ATP-dependent potassium channel (KATP) as an underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: This experimental layout was conducted on Wistar rats (n = 120) having 150 to 200 gm of body weight. On the foundation of the experimental design, rats were divided into group I (normal saline, 5 ml/kg/body weight) and group II (sham surgery and treatment with NS), group III [chronic constriction injury (CCI) in the sciatic nerve; and treated with NS], group IV (CCI and treated with AILE 400 mg/kg body weight), Group V (CCI, pretreated with Glibenclamide 15 mg/kg followed by treated with AILE 400 mg/kg). All the treatments were given once daily for a consecutive 21 days via the oral route, except Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide was given once through the intraperitoneal route on the day of the experiment. Results: Based on the neuropathic pain evaluation test, all groups were again sub-divided into subgroup “a” (walking tract analysis), “b” (cold tail immersion test), “c” (Von Frey test), and “d” (hot plate test). AILE showed a significantly higher sciatic functional index (p &lt; 0.05) in walking track analysis, tail flick latency (p ≤ 0.05) in the cold tail immersion test, and paw withdrawal threshold (p ≤ 0.05) in the Von Frey test compared to CCI control. In addition, a nonsignificant difference in all these above-mentioned variables between the rats with CCI plus AILE and the CCI plus AILE plus glibenclamide group indicated that the KATP channel was not involved in the beneficial analgesic effects of AILE. Conclusions: The outcome of the present study indicates that AILE prevented worsening of neu¬ropathic pain after chronic constriction injury in the sciatic nerve of Wistar rats in which the KATP channel was not involved.
Several studies have indicated that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decr... more Several studies have indicated that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreases blood pressure. We aimed to examine the effects of vildagliptin, a specific DPP-4 inhibitor, on blood pressure and its dipping pattern in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Male DSS rats were treated with a high salt (8% NaCl) diet and vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose) or vildagliptin (3 or 10 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) for 7 days (n = 7 per group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by telemetry. High salt diet for 7 days significantly increased MAP with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in DSS rats. Vildagliptin dose-dependently inhibited DPP-4 enzymatic activity and increased plasma GLP-1 levels. Furthermore, vildagliptin dose-dependently attenuated the development of salt-induced hypertension. Interestingly, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern. In anesthetized high salt-diet DSS rats, acute intra-cerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500 μg in 10 μl solution) did not alter MAP or heart rate (n = 4). These data suggest that treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, attenuates the extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure and development of salt sensitive hypertension by increasing urinary sodium excretion. These effects of vildagliptin may not be mediated through the central nervous system.
Background and Aim: Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential ... more Background and Aim: Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine whether antibiotic residues were present in the chicken meat, eggs, feces, and feed collected from all four districts in the Mymensingh division of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: To detect antibiotic residues in the collected samples, qualitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used. A total of 230 samples were analyzed for commonly used 11 antibiotics residue. Out of these, 40 meats and 40 feces samples were collected from broilers and layers, 30 egg samples from duck and layer, and 120 feed samples from both broilers and layers from the study area. Thin-layer chromatography was used for screening the presence of antibiotic residues; TLC-positive samples were then subjected to further HPLC analysis to determine the residue concent...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology
Many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace antibiotics as ... more Many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace antibiotics as growth promoters. Probiotics and phytobiotics are some of the products that can be used as growth promoters in broiler. The present study was designed to investigate either single or combined effect of a probiotic and phytobiotic on serum bio-chemistry and growth performances in broilers. A total of 50 Cobb-500 day old chicks were divided into five groups (10 birds each). The birds of Group A were offered a basal diet (corn-soya based), Group B basal diet + 0.10% Renamycin 100®, Group C basal diet + 0.15% probiotic (Bio-Top®), Group D basal diet + 0.10% phytobiotic (Galibiotic) and Group E basal diet + 0.15% Bio-Top® + 0.10% Galibiotic. Body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and serum bio-chemistry (Triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, creatinine) were recorded. Serum biochemical values differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups. The average...
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of spirulina on production, hematological pa... more The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of spirulina on production, hematological parameters and lipid profile in layers. Thirty (30) layer birds of 65 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) containing 10 birds in each group. Birds were subjected to treatments for a period of 1 month (30 days) as per fol lowing schedule: Group-A treated with 2gm spirulina/kg feed; Group-B: treated with 4gm spirulina/kg feed and Group-C: without any treatment. With the supplementation of spirulina, feed consumption and body weight were not affected, but egg production was increased significantly. Results showed that total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in treated groups compared to control. Serum total cholesterol (TG), triglyceride (TC)) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly decreased, as well as HDL was increased (P<0.05) with addition of the i...
The aim of the present study is to investigate whether a disruption of the dipping pattern of blo... more The aim of the present study is to investigate whether a disruption of the dipping pattern of blood pressure (BP) is associated with the progression of renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) hypertensive rats. Seven-week-old DSS rats were fed a high salt diet (HSD; 8% NaCl) for 10 weeks, followed by a transition to a normal salt diet (NSD; 0.3% NaCl) for 4 weeks. At baseline, NSD-fed DSS rats showed a dipper-type circadian rhythm of BP. By contrast, HSD for 5 days caused a significant increase in the difference between the active and inactive periods of BP with an extreme dipper type of BP, while proteinuria and renal tissue injury were not observed. Interestingly, HSD feeding for 10 weeks developed hypertension with a non-dipper pattern of BP, which was associated with obvious proteinuria and renal tissue injury. Four weeks after switching to an NSD, BP and proteinuria were significantly decreased, and the BP circadian rhythm returned to the normal dipper pattern. These data sug...
The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic structure of water buffalo farming at... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic structure of water buffalo farming at some selected coastal areas of Bhola district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from the 35 small and large farms by surveying during the period January to March, 2015. The study revealed that buffalo rearing was mostly practiced by middle (30-45yrs) and old (>45yrs) aged farmers than young farmers (<30yrs). Majority (45.71%) of the buffalo farmers were educated, have no organized housing facilities for sheltering and depend on locally available roughages and tree leaves to fed buffaloes. The average lactation length was found 228 days andmilk yield was 2.1 litres/ buffalo/ days. The Gross Margin and Net farm profitability per dairy buffalo per lactation year over cash cost and non-cash cost were stood at Tk. 55866.65 & Tk. 51127.89 and Tk.44954.65 & Tk. 40435.39 for Herd size-1 and Herd size-2, respectively that indicates rearing of small- scale dairy buffaloes is highly profit...
Many medicinal plants are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various ailments, in... more Many medicinal plants are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes, all around the world. This study was designed to elucidate the comparative efficacy of Tribulus terrestris, Andrographis paniculata, and Lagerstroemia speciosa on glucose intolerance, lipid profile, renal and pancreatic injury in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic mice. In this study, four-week-old male Swiss Albino mice were divided into six groups of five each. To assess toxicity, Group-X was given saline water, while Group-Y was given a combination herbal formulation at a high dose (1 g/kg bwt). No adverse effect of combined formula on body weight and blood glucose was observed in normal healthy mice. The other four groups were labeled as Group-A, healthy normal mice; Group-B, Diabetic mice; Group-C, Diabetic mice treated with Andrographis paniculata, Tribulus terristris @ 200 mg/kg and Lagerstroemia speciosa @ 0.5ml/animal; and Group-D, Diabetic mice treated with Amary...
A large variety of herbal elements are employed in the treatment of diabetes for their better eff... more A large variety of herbal elements are employed in the treatment of diabetes for their better efficacy and safety compare to synthetic drugs. In this experiment Spirulina platensis was used to evaluate the antidiabetic, kidney & pancreas injury protective potential in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Male Long Evans rats having six weeks of age were used for the experiment. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan @ 150 mg/kg and experiment was carried out for a period of six weeks. The study was conducted by dividing the animal into three groups (n=7 rats in each group) indicated as with Group-A (healthy control); Group-B (diabetic control); Group-C (Diabetic rats treated with Spirulina platensis @ 400 mg/kg). Spirulina platensis reduced blood glucose significantly (P<0.01) and improved the body weight losses significantly (P<0.05) compared to diabetic rats after six weeks treatment. The histopathological alteration was observed in the kidney of diabetic rat...
There are substantial public health consequences when hazardous heavy metal contaminants and anti... more There are substantial public health consequences when hazardous heavy metal contaminants and antimicrobial drug residues are present in broiler edible tissues. This study aimed to assess the concentration of antimicrobial drugs and heavy metals residues in broiler meat, bones and edible composites (combinations of liver, kidney and gizzard). Samples were collected from different types of broiler farms, broiler wet meat markets and supermarkets, covering all five divisions of Bangladesh. The antimicrobial drug and heavy metal residues were analyzed by uHPLC and ICP-MS, respectively. In addition, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among broiler meat consumers in the study areas to evaluate their attitude towards the consumption of broiler meat. The survey clearly stated that broiler meat consumers in Bangladesh have a negative attitude toward the consumption of broiler meat, although all respondents reported to eat broiler meat regularly. The antibiotic with the highest prevalence...
Background and Aim: The bovine industry is threatened by one of the most serious and deadly enter... more Background and Aim: The bovine industry is threatened by one of the most serious and deadly enteric diseases, calf diarrhea, particularly in developing nations like Bangladesh. In this context, bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs and its detrimental consequences have become a critical public health issue that is difficult to address globally. This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. with their antibiogram and antibiotic resistance gene detection from sulfonamide-treated diarrheic calves.
Materials and Methods: Twelve diarrheic calves suffering from calf diarrhea in a dairy farm were selected and a total of 36 fecal samples were aseptically collected directly from rectum before, during, and at the end of treatment for each calf to determine the total viable count, total E. coli count and total Salmonella count. A polymerase chain reaction was used for the specific detection of E. coli and Salmonella genus targeting fliC and invA genes, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed by the disk diffusion method for eight commonly used antibiotics.
Results: A total of 36 E. coli (100%) and 12 Salmonella spp. (33%) were isolated from the samples and were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Total viable count was found to be ranged from 35 × 107 to 99 × 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, 34 × 105 to 25 × 1010 CFU/g during treatment with sulfonamide, and 48 × 103 to 69 × 1010 CFU/g immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment. Total E. coli count was found to be ranged from 4 × 104 to 36 × 1010 CFU/g, 24 × 104 to 23 × 108 CFU/g, and 13 × 104 to 85 × 1010 CFU/g, whereas total Salmonella count was found to be ranged from 16 × 106 to 18.5 × 1011 CFU/g, 15 × 104 to 44 × 107 CFU/g, and 13.2 × 105 to 21 × 1010 CFU/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, during treatment with sulfonamide immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment, respectively. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrheic calves (100%) contained multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Escherichia coli isolates were found 100% resistant to amoxicillin (AMX), cefuroxime, cephalexin (CN), erythromycin (ERY), and tetracycline (TET); whereas 94.4%, 86.1%, and 77.8% isolates were resistant to doxycycline (DOX), moxifloxacin (MOF), and gentamycin (GEN), respectively. In case of Salmonella isolates, all were found 100% resistant to AMX, CN, and ERY; whereas 91.7% of resistance was observed for DOX, MOF, cefuroxime, GEN, and TET. Based on the molecular screening of the antibiotic resistance genes, tetA gene was present in 83.3% of the isolated E. coli and 75% of the isolated Salmonella strains, whereas 83.3% E. coli and 79.2% Salmonella isolates contained blaTEM gene.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. might be responsible for calf scouring, which is challenging to treat with antibiotics or sulfonamide drugs alone. Therefore, it is important to check the antibiotic sensitivity pattern to select a suitable antibiotic for the treatment of calf scoring. A suitable antibiotic or combination of an antibiotic and sulfonamide could be effective against E. coli and Salmonella spp. responsible for calf scouring.
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Materials and Methods: Twelve diarrheic calves suffering from calf diarrhea in a dairy farm were selected and a total of 36 fecal samples were aseptically collected directly from rectum before, during, and at the end of treatment for each calf to determine the total viable count, total E. coli count and total Salmonella count. A polymerase chain reaction was used for the specific detection of E. coli and Salmonella genus targeting fliC and invA genes, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed by the disk diffusion method for eight commonly used antibiotics.
Results: A total of 36 E. coli (100%) and 12 Salmonella spp. (33%) were isolated from the samples and were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Total viable count was found to be ranged from 35 × 107 to 99 × 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, 34 × 105 to 25 × 1010 CFU/g during treatment with sulfonamide, and 48 × 103 to 69 × 1010 CFU/g immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment. Total E. coli count was found to be ranged from 4 × 104 to 36 × 1010 CFU/g, 24 × 104 to 23 × 108 CFU/g, and 13 × 104 to 85 × 1010 CFU/g, whereas total Salmonella count was found to be ranged from 16 × 106 to 18.5 × 1011 CFU/g, 15 × 104 to 44 × 107 CFU/g, and 13.2 × 105 to 21 × 1010 CFU/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, during treatment with sulfonamide immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment, respectively. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrheic calves (100%) contained multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Escherichia coli isolates were found 100% resistant to amoxicillin (AMX), cefuroxime, cephalexin (CN), erythromycin (ERY), and tetracycline (TET); whereas 94.4%, 86.1%, and 77.8% isolates were resistant to doxycycline (DOX), moxifloxacin (MOF), and gentamycin (GEN), respectively. In case of Salmonella isolates, all were found 100% resistant to AMX, CN, and ERY; whereas 91.7% of resistance was observed for DOX, MOF, cefuroxime, GEN, and TET. Based on the molecular screening of the antibiotic resistance genes, tetA gene was present in 83.3% of the isolated E. coli and 75% of the isolated Salmonella strains, whereas 83.3% E. coli and 79.2% Salmonella isolates contained blaTEM gene.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. might be responsible for calf scouring, which is challenging to treat with antibiotics or sulfonamide drugs alone. Therefore, it is important to check the antibiotic sensitivity pattern to select a suitable antibiotic for the treatment of calf scoring. A suitable antibiotic or combination of an antibiotic and sulfonamide could be effective against E. coli and Salmonella spp. responsible for calf scouring.
Materials and Methods: Twelve diarrheic calves suffering from calf diarrhea in a dairy farm were selected and a total of 36 fecal samples were aseptically collected directly from rectum before, during, and at the end of treatment for each calf to determine the total viable count, total E. coli count and total Salmonella count. A polymerase chain reaction was used for the specific detection of E. coli and Salmonella genus targeting fliC and invA genes, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed by the disk diffusion method for eight commonly used antibiotics.
Results: A total of 36 E. coli (100%) and 12 Salmonella spp. (33%) were isolated from the samples and were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Total viable count was found to be ranged from 35 × 107 to 99 × 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, 34 × 105 to 25 × 1010 CFU/g during treatment with sulfonamide, and 48 × 103 to 69 × 1010 CFU/g immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment. Total E. coli count was found to be ranged from 4 × 104 to 36 × 1010 CFU/g, 24 × 104 to 23 × 108 CFU/g, and 13 × 104 to 85 × 1010 CFU/g, whereas total Salmonella count was found to be ranged from 16 × 106 to 18.5 × 1011 CFU/g, 15 × 104 to 44 × 107 CFU/g, and 13.2 × 105 to 21 × 1010 CFU/g fecal sample before starting sulfonamide treatment, during treatment with sulfonamide immediately after completion of sulfonamide treatment, respectively. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrheic calves (100%) contained multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Escherichia coli isolates were found 100% resistant to amoxicillin (AMX), cefuroxime, cephalexin (CN), erythromycin (ERY), and tetracycline (TET); whereas 94.4%, 86.1%, and 77.8% isolates were resistant to doxycycline (DOX), moxifloxacin (MOF), and gentamycin (GEN), respectively. In case of Salmonella isolates, all were found 100% resistant to AMX, CN, and ERY; whereas 91.7% of resistance was observed for DOX, MOF, cefuroxime, GEN, and TET. Based on the molecular screening of the antibiotic resistance genes, tetA gene was present in 83.3% of the isolated E. coli and 75% of the isolated Salmonella strains, whereas 83.3% E. coli and 79.2% Salmonella isolates contained blaTEM gene.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. might be responsible for calf scouring, which is challenging to treat with antibiotics or sulfonamide drugs alone. Therefore, it is important to check the antibiotic sensitivity pattern to select a suitable antibiotic for the treatment of calf scoring. A suitable antibiotic or combination of an antibiotic and sulfonamide could be effective against E. coli and Salmonella spp. responsible for calf scouring.