This study reports the synthesis of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane,in a 2 step sy... more This study reports the synthesis of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane,in a 2 step synthesis. The first step involves the coupling of furfural with urea to obtain 1-((2- carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, which was subsequently refluxed with more urea in ethanol for 1 hour to afford the product. Both intermediate and product were characterized by GC- MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and DEPT. The product obtained from the study is a novel compound with possible outlets in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Keywords: Furfural, Urea, 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, 1,1-bis(2- Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane
The interest in cellulosic-based polymer materials is rapidly growing, both in industrial and bas... more The interest in cellulosic-based polymer materials is rapidly growing, both in industrial and basic research applications. This is based on its availability, renewability, low density, cheapness, biodegradability, and satisfactory mechanical properties. The research reports on the characterization of cellulosic-based polymers and copper (II) ion removal via Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP). Cellulose was successfully isolated from PMBP biomass via delignification and bleaching. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and deformation gravimetric analysis (DGA) were used to characterise the raw and isolated cellulose. The adsorbents were further characterized using adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic models. The isolated cellulose has better thermal stability, crystallinity, and porosity than the raw cellulose. The removal of the matrix material (most hemicel...
The research reports the characterization and antimicrobial profiling of an ethanol-toluene extra... more The research reports the characterization and antimicrobial profiling of an ethanol-toluene extract of the Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth pod. The sample was powdered and extracted with a solvent system of ethanol-toluene (2:1). The extract was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, as well as a wet analysis investigation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis reveals the presence of flavonoids (0.307), phenols (0.4545), alkaloids (1.7165), tannins (6.118), saponins (5.700), and glycosides (0.2375). The FTIR revealed the presence of 1723cm-1, which was assigned to carbonyl groups, and the peaks within the range of 3416.10–3777.54cm-1 were attributed to hydroxyl groups. The GC-MS reveals the presence of 34 molecules in the chromatogram, which is consistent with the mass spectra. The ethanol-toluene extract contains 19 guaiacyl and its derivatives, as well as 15 syringyl and its derivatives. Th...
This study reports the synthesis of 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea by coupling p... more This study reports the synthesis of 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea by coupling purified furfural with urea to afford the compound 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, with a much -improved yield and definite structural affirmation. The compound was characterized by GC-MS, IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, H-1H COSY, HSQC, and DEPT. The assigned structures agree with the spectral data obtained. Keywords: Furfural, Urea, 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea,
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The que... more Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The quest for bio-adsorbents that are environmentally benign is the rationale for this study. Thus, the research is aimed at the isolation, physicochemical, and BET analysis of cellulose obtained from Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) biomass waste. The powdered PMBP was dewaxed with toluene and ethanol (2:1) and, thereafter, treated with aqueous sodium hypochlorite (7.5% at 70oC) and sodium hydroxide (17.5%w/v at 80oC) to obtain isolated cellulose. Proximate, ultimate, and chemical composition analysis reveals the presence of cellulose (42.7%), hemicelluloses (7.8%), lignin (38.5%), silicon (40.72%), aluminium (17.10%) and elements. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed some of the functional groups associated with isolated cellulose and raw PMBP. The presence of hemicelluloses and lignin in the isolated cellulose implies that the isolation process did not remove all the i...
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2022
Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The que... more Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The quest for bio-adsorbents that are environmentally benign is the rationale for this study. Thus, the research is aimed at the isolation, physicochemical, and BET analysis of cellulose obtained from Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) biomass waste. The powdered PMBP was dewaxed with toluene and ethanol (2:1) and, thereafter, treated with aqueous sodium hypochlorite (7.5% at 70 o C) and sodium hydroxide (17.5%w/v at 80 o C) to obtain isolated cellulose. Proximate, ultimate, and chemical composition analysis reveals the presence of cellulose (42.7%), hemicelluloses (7.8%), lignin (38.5%), silicon (40.72%), aluminium (17.10%) and elements. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed some of the functional groups associated with isolated cellulose and raw PMBP. The presence of hemicelluloses and lignin in the isolated cellulose implies that the isolation process did not remove all the impurities. The BET analysis reveals a better specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter or size of the isolated cellulose, and could serve as a better adsorbent than the raw. As a result of the increased surface area and high percentage of isolated cellulose in PMBP, it can be used as a sustainable energy source as well as for the environmental remediation of heavy metals.
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem i... more The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem in industrial processes. The corrosion of metals and their alloys has sparked a surge in research efforts to minimize the damage caused by the corrosion process. The research reports the corrosion inhibition properties of Phyllanthus mellerianus stem on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The functional group of the extract, elemental analysis, and morphology of the mild steel were studied with FTIR and SEM. The FTIR analysis confirms the presence of functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and aromatic rings, whereas the SEM reveals the elements and the morphological structure of the mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitors in an acid corrodant. Some models were used to extrapolate the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, a...
The research reports on the phytochemical constituents and anti-corrosion properties of the root... more The research reports on the phytochemical constituents and anti-corrosion properties of the root extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus on mild steel in 1.5M HCl. The powdered root was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical constituents’ were achieved through GC-MS, FTIR and wet analysis. The anticorrosion properties were investigated via weight loss, hydrogen evolution techniques, and SEM analysis. The phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids at reasonable percentages. At different temperatures of 303K, 313K, and 323K, the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, entropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, and adsorption isotherms were extrapolated with some models. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract, an indication of the inhibitive property of the root extract. This was supported through the extrapolation of Gibbs free energy, activat...
Thermodynamics and Adsorption Analysis of Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in 0.5M HCl Medium via Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus mellerianus, 2022
The corrosion of mild steel is a problem in industrial processes based on its deterioration on ex... more The corrosion of mild steel is a problem in industrial processes based on its deterioration on exposure to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions. This issue has prompted an increase in research interest in order to mitigate the harmful effects of corrosion on metals and their alloys. The thermodynamic and adsorption analysis of mild steel in 0.5M hydrochloric acid solutions via ethanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was investigated using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids at reasonable percentages. The inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, and adsorption isotherms were extrapolated with some models. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The values of change in Gibbs free energy obtained at 303K, 313K, and 323K were negative, indicating that the leaf extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was strongly adsorbed on mild steel surfaces and stable at high temperatures. The enthalpy of activation ranges from 43.08kJ/mol to 80.64kJ/mol. An increase in activation energy with inhibitor concentration confirmed the physical (physisorption) adsorption mechanism for the corrosion of mild steel surfaces. The R 2 values obtained from the linear regression are strongly fitted to the Langmuir and freundlich isotherms. The inhibitory effectiveness of extracts has been attributed to the presence of the hetero atoms N, O, and S present in their phytochemical composition.
Phyllanthus mellerianus stem inhibition properties for mild steel corrosion on 1M HCl Medium; Adsorption, Kinetics and Thermodynamics investigation, 2022
The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem i... more The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem in industrial processes. The corrosion of metals and their alloys has sparked a surge in research efforts to minimize the damage caused by the corrosion process. The research reports the corrosion inhibition properties of Phyllanthus mellerianus stem on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The functional group of the extract, elemental analysis, and morphology of the mild steel were studied with FTIR and SEM. The FTIR analysis confirms the presence of functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and aromatic rings, whereas the SEM reveals the elements and the morphological structure of the mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitors in an acid corrodant. Some models were used to extrapolate the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics investigation. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The values of change in Gibbs free energy obtained at 303K, 313K, and 323K were negative, indicating that the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was strongly adsorbed on mild steel surfaces and stable at high temperatures. The change in Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and activation energy were less than and within the value of 21 kJ/mol. The extrapolation from the thermodynamic and kinetic models shows the effectiveness of the stem extract of PM and confirms the physical (physisorption) adsorption mechanism for the corrosion of mild steel surfaces. The R 2 values obtained from the linear regression are strongly fitted to the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and El-Wadys thermodynic/kinetic isotherms. The inhibitory effectiveness of extracts has been attributed to the presence of the hetero atoms N, O, and S present in the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus.
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 2022
The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem i... more The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem in industrial processes. The corrosion of metals and their alloys has sparked a surge in research efforts to minimize the damage caused by the corrosion process. The research reports the corrosion inhibition properties of Phyllanthus mellerianus stem on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The functional group of the extract, elemental analysis, and morphology of the mild steel were studied with FTIR and SEM. The FTIR analysis confirms the presence of functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and aromatic rings, whereas the SEM reveals the elements and the morphological structure of the mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitors in an acid corrodant. Some models were used to extrapolate the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics investigation. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The values of change in Gibbs free energy obtained at 303K, 313K, and 323K were negative, indicating that the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was strongly adsorbed on mild steel surfaces and stable at high temperatures. The change in Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and activation energy were less than and within the value of 21 kJ/mol. The extrapolation from the thermodynamic and kinetic models shows the effectiveness of the stem extract of PM and confirms the physical (physisorption) adsorption mechanism for the corrosion of mild steel surfaces. The R 2 values obtained from the linear regression are strongly fitted to the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and El-Wadys thermodynic/kinetic isotherms. The inhibitory effectiveness of extracts has been attributed to the presence of the hetero atoms N, O, and S present in the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus.
Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied... more Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied in the last few decades owing to their interesting biological activities. They exist in three isomeric forms: 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine. The diversity in their pharmacological activities has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore the reasons for their wide potential. This study examines recent advances related to the efficient procedure for synthesizing different types of aminopyridine derivatives, its coordination site with metals and biological activities using systematic literature review and content analysis. Other important concepts of aminopyridines discussed are basicity, electric hindrance as related to percentage yield of isomeric forms and spectra updates on the characterization of aminopyridines. The findings from this study also reveal the array of solvents used for purification processes; ideas on isomers that have not been used in...
Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied... more Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied in the last few decades owing to their interesting biological activities. They exist in three isomeric forms: 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine. The diversity in their pharmacological activities has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore the reasons for their wide potential. This study examines recent advances related to the efficient procedure for synthesizing different types of aminopyridine derivatives, its coordination site with metals and biological activities using systematic literature review and content analysis. Other important concepts of aminopyridines discussed are basicity, electric hindrance as related to percentage yield of isomeric forms and spectra updates on the characterization of aminopyridines. The findings from this study also reveal the array of solvents used for purification processes; ideas on isomers that have not been used in...
Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HC... more Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HCl solution by 1((2-arbamoylguanidino) (furan-2-ylmethyl) urea (CFU) was investigated using weight loss experiment at different temperature (30oC, 40oC, 50oC). The CFU was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR. The finding indicates that CFU acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency and surface coverage of mild steel increased with increasing concentration of CFU, but reduced as temperature increases. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and freundlick adsorption isotherm were used to deduce that the adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption. The estimation of the adsorption also determined the free Gift’s energy at the range of -12KJmol-1 to -14KJmol-1, which implies that the reaction was spontaneous. The inhibitive ability of CFU was attributed to the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and aromatic furan in its str...
Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HC... more Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HCl solution by 1((2-arbamoylguanidino) (furan-2-ylmethyl) urea (CFU) was investigated using weight loss experiment at different temperature (30oC, 40oC, 50oC). The CFU was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR. The finding indicates that CFU acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency and surface coverage of mild steel increased with increasing concentration of CFU, but reduced as temperature increases. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and freundlick adsorption isotherm were used to deduce that the adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption. The estimation of the adsorption also determined the free Gift’s energy at the range of -12KJmol-1 to -14KJmol-1, which implies that the reaction was spontaneous. The inhibitive ability of CFU was attributed to the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and aromatic furan in its str...
This study reports the synthesis of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane,in a 2 step sy... more This study reports the synthesis of 1,1-bis(2-Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane,in a 2 step synthesis. The first step involves the coupling of furfural with urea to obtain 1-((2- carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, which was subsequently refluxed with more urea in ethanol for 1 hour to afford the product. Both intermediate and product were characterized by GC- MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and DEPT. The product obtained from the study is a novel compound with possible outlets in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Keywords: Furfural, Urea, 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, 1,1-bis(2- Carbamoylguanidino)furan-2-ylmethane
The interest in cellulosic-based polymer materials is rapidly growing, both in industrial and bas... more The interest in cellulosic-based polymer materials is rapidly growing, both in industrial and basic research applications. This is based on its availability, renewability, low density, cheapness, biodegradability, and satisfactory mechanical properties. The research reports on the characterization of cellulosic-based polymers and copper (II) ion removal via Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP). Cellulose was successfully isolated from PMBP biomass via delignification and bleaching. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and deformation gravimetric analysis (DGA) were used to characterise the raw and isolated cellulose. The adsorbents were further characterized using adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic models. The isolated cellulose has better thermal stability, crystallinity, and porosity than the raw cellulose. The removal of the matrix material (most hemicel...
The research reports the characterization and antimicrobial profiling of an ethanol-toluene extra... more The research reports the characterization and antimicrobial profiling of an ethanol-toluene extract of the Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth pod. The sample was powdered and extracted with a solvent system of ethanol-toluene (2:1). The extract was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, as well as a wet analysis investigation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis reveals the presence of flavonoids (0.307), phenols (0.4545), alkaloids (1.7165), tannins (6.118), saponins (5.700), and glycosides (0.2375). The FTIR revealed the presence of 1723cm-1, which was assigned to carbonyl groups, and the peaks within the range of 3416.10–3777.54cm-1 were attributed to hydroxyl groups. The GC-MS reveals the presence of 34 molecules in the chromatogram, which is consistent with the mass spectra. The ethanol-toluene extract contains 19 guaiacyl and its derivatives, as well as 15 syringyl and its derivatives. Th...
This study reports the synthesis of 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea by coupling p... more This study reports the synthesis of 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea by coupling purified furfural with urea to afford the compound 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea, with a much -improved yield and definite structural affirmation. The compound was characterized by GC-MS, IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, H-1H COSY, HSQC, and DEPT. The assigned structures agree with the spectral data obtained. Keywords: Furfural, Urea, 1-((2-carbamoylguanidino)(furan-2-ylmethyl)urea,
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The que... more Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The quest for bio-adsorbents that are environmentally benign is the rationale for this study. Thus, the research is aimed at the isolation, physicochemical, and BET analysis of cellulose obtained from Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) biomass waste. The powdered PMBP was dewaxed with toluene and ethanol (2:1) and, thereafter, treated with aqueous sodium hypochlorite (7.5% at 70oC) and sodium hydroxide (17.5%w/v at 80oC) to obtain isolated cellulose. Proximate, ultimate, and chemical composition analysis reveals the presence of cellulose (42.7%), hemicelluloses (7.8%), lignin (38.5%), silicon (40.72%), aluminium (17.10%) and elements. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed some of the functional groups associated with isolated cellulose and raw PMBP. The presence of hemicelluloses and lignin in the isolated cellulose implies that the isolation process did not remove all the i...
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2022
Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The que... more Biomass systems are based on a wide range of feedstock, like food and agricultural waste. The quest for bio-adsorbents that are environmentally benign is the rationale for this study. Thus, the research is aimed at the isolation, physicochemical, and BET analysis of cellulose obtained from Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) biomass waste. The powdered PMBP was dewaxed with toluene and ethanol (2:1) and, thereafter, treated with aqueous sodium hypochlorite (7.5% at 70 o C) and sodium hydroxide (17.5%w/v at 80 o C) to obtain isolated cellulose. Proximate, ultimate, and chemical composition analysis reveals the presence of cellulose (42.7%), hemicelluloses (7.8%), lignin (38.5%), silicon (40.72%), aluminium (17.10%) and elements. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed some of the functional groups associated with isolated cellulose and raw PMBP. The presence of hemicelluloses and lignin in the isolated cellulose implies that the isolation process did not remove all the impurities. The BET analysis reveals a better specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter or size of the isolated cellulose, and could serve as a better adsorbent than the raw. As a result of the increased surface area and high percentage of isolated cellulose in PMBP, it can be used as a sustainable energy source as well as for the environmental remediation of heavy metals.
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem i... more The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem in industrial processes. The corrosion of metals and their alloys has sparked a surge in research efforts to minimize the damage caused by the corrosion process. The research reports the corrosion inhibition properties of Phyllanthus mellerianus stem on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The functional group of the extract, elemental analysis, and morphology of the mild steel were studied with FTIR and SEM. The FTIR analysis confirms the presence of functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and aromatic rings, whereas the SEM reveals the elements and the morphological structure of the mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitors in an acid corrodant. Some models were used to extrapolate the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, a...
The research reports on the phytochemical constituents and anti-corrosion properties of the root... more The research reports on the phytochemical constituents and anti-corrosion properties of the root extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus on mild steel in 1.5M HCl. The powdered root was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical constituents’ were achieved through GC-MS, FTIR and wet analysis. The anticorrosion properties were investigated via weight loss, hydrogen evolution techniques, and SEM analysis. The phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids at reasonable percentages. At different temperatures of 303K, 313K, and 323K, the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, entropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, and adsorption isotherms were extrapolated with some models. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract, an indication of the inhibitive property of the root extract. This was supported through the extrapolation of Gibbs free energy, activat...
Thermodynamics and Adsorption Analysis of Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in 0.5M HCl Medium via Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus mellerianus, 2022
The corrosion of mild steel is a problem in industrial processes based on its deterioration on ex... more The corrosion of mild steel is a problem in industrial processes based on its deterioration on exposure to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions. This issue has prompted an increase in research interest in order to mitigate the harmful effects of corrosion on metals and their alloys. The thermodynamic and adsorption analysis of mild steel in 0.5M hydrochloric acid solutions via ethanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was investigated using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids at reasonable percentages. The inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, and adsorption isotherms were extrapolated with some models. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The values of change in Gibbs free energy obtained at 303K, 313K, and 323K were negative, indicating that the leaf extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was strongly adsorbed on mild steel surfaces and stable at high temperatures. The enthalpy of activation ranges from 43.08kJ/mol to 80.64kJ/mol. An increase in activation energy with inhibitor concentration confirmed the physical (physisorption) adsorption mechanism for the corrosion of mild steel surfaces. The R 2 values obtained from the linear regression are strongly fitted to the Langmuir and freundlich isotherms. The inhibitory effectiveness of extracts has been attributed to the presence of the hetero atoms N, O, and S present in their phytochemical composition.
Phyllanthus mellerianus stem inhibition properties for mild steel corrosion on 1M HCl Medium; Adsorption, Kinetics and Thermodynamics investigation, 2022
The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem i... more The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem in industrial processes. The corrosion of metals and their alloys has sparked a surge in research efforts to minimize the damage caused by the corrosion process. The research reports the corrosion inhibition properties of Phyllanthus mellerianus stem on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The functional group of the extract, elemental analysis, and morphology of the mild steel were studied with FTIR and SEM. The FTIR analysis confirms the presence of functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and aromatic rings, whereas the SEM reveals the elements and the morphological structure of the mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitors in an acid corrodant. Some models were used to extrapolate the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics investigation. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The values of change in Gibbs free energy obtained at 303K, 313K, and 323K were negative, indicating that the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was strongly adsorbed on mild steel surfaces and stable at high temperatures. The change in Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and activation energy were less than and within the value of 21 kJ/mol. The extrapolation from the thermodynamic and kinetic models shows the effectiveness of the stem extract of PM and confirms the physical (physisorption) adsorption mechanism for the corrosion of mild steel surfaces. The R 2 values obtained from the linear regression are strongly fitted to the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and El-Wadys thermodynic/kinetic isotherms. The inhibitory effectiveness of extracts has been attributed to the presence of the hetero atoms N, O, and S present in the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus.
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 2022
The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem i... more The deterioration of mild steel when exposed to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions is a problem in industrial processes. The corrosion of metals and their alloys has sparked a surge in research efforts to minimize the damage caused by the corrosion process. The research reports the corrosion inhibition properties of Phyllanthus mellerianus stem on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques. The powdered sample was extracted with ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The functional group of the extract, elemental analysis, and morphology of the mild steel were studied with FTIR and SEM. The FTIR analysis confirms the presence of functional groups with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and aromatic rings, whereas the SEM reveals the elements and the morphological structure of the mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitors in an acid corrodant. Some models were used to extrapolate the inhibition efficiency, enthalpy, enthropy, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics investigation. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The values of change in Gibbs free energy obtained at 303K, 313K, and 323K were negative, indicating that the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus was strongly adsorbed on mild steel surfaces and stable at high temperatures. The change in Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and activation energy were less than and within the value of 21 kJ/mol. The extrapolation from the thermodynamic and kinetic models shows the effectiveness of the stem extract of PM and confirms the physical (physisorption) adsorption mechanism for the corrosion of mild steel surfaces. The R 2 values obtained from the linear regression are strongly fitted to the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and El-Wadys thermodynic/kinetic isotherms. The inhibitory effectiveness of extracts has been attributed to the presence of the hetero atoms N, O, and S present in the stem extract of Phyllanthus mellerianus.
Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied... more Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied in the last few decades owing to their interesting biological activities. They exist in three isomeric forms: 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine. The diversity in their pharmacological activities has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore the reasons for their wide potential. This study examines recent advances related to the efficient procedure for synthesizing different types of aminopyridine derivatives, its coordination site with metals and biological activities using systematic literature review and content analysis. Other important concepts of aminopyridines discussed are basicity, electric hindrance as related to percentage yield of isomeric forms and spectra updates on the characterization of aminopyridines. The findings from this study also reveal the array of solvents used for purification processes; ideas on isomers that have not been used in...
Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied... more Aminopyridines are among the classes of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied in the last few decades owing to their interesting biological activities. They exist in three isomeric forms: 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine. The diversity in their pharmacological activities has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore the reasons for their wide potential. This study examines recent advances related to the efficient procedure for synthesizing different types of aminopyridine derivatives, its coordination site with metals and biological activities using systematic literature review and content analysis. Other important concepts of aminopyridines discussed are basicity, electric hindrance as related to percentage yield of isomeric forms and spectra updates on the characterization of aminopyridines. The findings from this study also reveal the array of solvents used for purification processes; ideas on isomers that have not been used in...
Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HC... more Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HCl solution by 1((2-arbamoylguanidino) (furan-2-ylmethyl) urea (CFU) was investigated using weight loss experiment at different temperature (30oC, 40oC, 50oC). The CFU was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR. The finding indicates that CFU acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency and surface coverage of mild steel increased with increasing concentration of CFU, but reduced as temperature increases. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and freundlick adsorption isotherm were used to deduce that the adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption. The estimation of the adsorption also determined the free Gift’s energy at the range of -12KJmol-1 to -14KJmol-1, which implies that the reaction was spontaneous. The inhibitive ability of CFU was attributed to the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and aromatic furan in its str...
Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HC... more Received 3 March 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in, 0.5M HCl solution by 1((2-arbamoylguanidino) (furan-2-ylmethyl) urea (CFU) was investigated using weight loss experiment at different temperature (30oC, 40oC, 50oC). The CFU was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR. The finding indicates that CFU acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency and surface coverage of mild steel increased with increasing concentration of CFU, but reduced as temperature increases. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and freundlick adsorption isotherm were used to deduce that the adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption. The estimation of the adsorption also determined the free Gift’s energy at the range of -12KJmol-1 to -14KJmol-1, which implies that the reaction was spontaneous. The inhibitive ability of CFU was attributed to the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and aromatic furan in its str...
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Papers by Kingsley J O H N Orie (Ph.D)