Abstract. Confined cattle facilities are an increasingly common housing system in the Northern Gr... more Abstract. Confined cattle facilities are an increasingly common housing system in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States. Producers may maintain a deep-bedded manure pack (Pack), they may remove all bedding/manure material from the pens weekly (Scrape), or use a combination of management styles. The objectives of this study were to determine baseline particulate matter (PM) concentrations around the barn perimeter, and to identify relationships between management practices and PM concentrations. Particulate matter was measured over two five-day periods at one Pack barn to determine differences in PM concentration between routine operation and bedding events. Each five-day period included three 24-h periods of routine operation and two 3-h periods associated with a bedding event. Concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) in the Pack barn for days of routine operation was 58.6 ± 3.9 µg/m 3 and concentration of TSP during three-hour bedding events was 702.2 ± 3.9 µg/m 3 . Concentrations of PM less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 ) and PM less than 10 microns (PM 10 ) were 4.9 ± 3.0 and 17.5 ± 12.1 µg/m 3 , respectively, during routine operation, and 29.7 ± 4.6 and 141.7 ± 18.9 µg/m 3 , respectively, during a 3-hr bedding event. In two Scrape barns, 24-h collections of PM 10 and PM 2.5 occurred at least twice during each quarter for 14 months. Daily mean concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Scrape barns ranged from 10 – 14 µg/m 3 and 25 – 28 µg/m 3 , respectively, indicating relatively low PM concentrations from mono-slope beef facilities. Particulate matter was affected by air temperature.
International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture Conference Proceedings, 13-16 September 2010, Dallas, Texas, 2010
ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine 1) spatial variability of steady-state am... more ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine 1) spatial variability of steady-state ammonia concentration on the pen surface, 2) the effect of environmental factors on ammonia concentration, and 3) the nutrient composition and concentration of odorous compounds in manure from the pen surface of beef deep-bedded, monoslope facilities. Four pens (27.5 x 30.5 m) in two commercial beef deep-bedded, monoslope facilities were studied. In each pen, ammonia was collected in acid traps at 56 locations using 640 cm2 flux chambers. Moisture, pH, pack height, nutrient composition and concentration of odorous compounds were measured at each sample location. Ammonia samples were collected at 6-week intervals for 10 months, all other samples for 18 months. There was no consistent spatial pattern of ammonia concentration. Areas of high ammonia concentration resulted from recent urination of cattle. Ammonia concentration decreased rapidly after cattle were removed from pens, reaching an apparent baseline after 4 hours. Ammonia concentration increased as pack and ambient air temperature increased (P < 0.01) and was lower in the cold months compared to moderate and hot months (P < 0.01). Depth and pH of bedded pack were affected by seasonal changes but were poorly correlated to the ammonia concentration on the feedlot surface of monoslope facilities (R2 = 0.07). Concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), straight-chain VFA, and branch-chain VFA in manure were highest in the cold and moderate months and lowest during the hot months. The concentration of aromatic compounds in the manure was not affected by season.
Three commercial swine farms with side-by-side 1100- head finishing units were fed two diets with... more Three commercial swine farms with side-by-side 1100- head finishing units were fed two diets with varying protein levels. Odor threshold, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were collected from the pit fans. The high protein (HP) treatment averaged 1420 odor units compared to 1035 odor units for the low protein (LP) treatment, reducing odor by 27% (P= 0.02). Reduction in H2S concentration was not significant, averaging 0.92 ppm and 0.59 ppm for the HP and LP treatments, respectively (P = 0.09). Concentrations of NH3 were 12.3 ppm and 9.1 ppm for the HP and LP treatments, respectively (P =0.10). Seasonal differences in H2S (P= 0.002) and NH3 (P=0.05) were indicated but the cause of this difference was not diet related and could be due to a number of seasonally-related operation attributes. This study demonstrates that dietary manipulation by addition of synthetic amino acids replacing soybean meal is a method pork producers can use to decrease the odor intensity of their pork production site.
Abstract. Confined cattle facilities are an increasingly common housing system in the Northern Gr... more Abstract. Confined cattle facilities are an increasingly common housing system in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States. Producers may maintain a deep-bedded manure pack (Pack), they may remove all bedding/manure material from the pens weekly (Scrape), or use a combination of management styles. The objectives of this study were to determine baseline particulate matter (PM) concentrations around the barn perimeter, and to identify relationships between management practices and PM concentrations. Particulate matter was measured over two five-day periods at one Pack barn to determine differences in PM concentration between routine operation and bedding events. Each five-day period included three 24-h periods of routine operation and two 3-h periods associated with a bedding event. Concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) in the Pack barn for days of routine operation was 58.6 ± 3.9 µg/m 3 and concentration of TSP during three-hour bedding events was 702.2 ± 3.9 µg/m 3 . Concentrations of PM less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 ) and PM less than 10 microns (PM 10 ) were 4.9 ± 3.0 and 17.5 ± 12.1 µg/m 3 , respectively, during routine operation, and 29.7 ± 4.6 and 141.7 ± 18.9 µg/m 3 , respectively, during a 3-hr bedding event. In two Scrape barns, 24-h collections of PM 10 and PM 2.5 occurred at least twice during each quarter for 14 months. Daily mean concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Scrape barns ranged from 10 – 14 µg/m 3 and 25 – 28 µg/m 3 , respectively, indicating relatively low PM concentrations from mono-slope beef facilities. Particulate matter was affected by air temperature.
International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture Conference Proceedings, 13-16 September 2010, Dallas, Texas, 2010
ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine 1) spatial variability of steady-state am... more ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine 1) spatial variability of steady-state ammonia concentration on the pen surface, 2) the effect of environmental factors on ammonia concentration, and 3) the nutrient composition and concentration of odorous compounds in manure from the pen surface of beef deep-bedded, monoslope facilities. Four pens (27.5 x 30.5 m) in two commercial beef deep-bedded, monoslope facilities were studied. In each pen, ammonia was collected in acid traps at 56 locations using 640 cm2 flux chambers. Moisture, pH, pack height, nutrient composition and concentration of odorous compounds were measured at each sample location. Ammonia samples were collected at 6-week intervals for 10 months, all other samples for 18 months. There was no consistent spatial pattern of ammonia concentration. Areas of high ammonia concentration resulted from recent urination of cattle. Ammonia concentration decreased rapidly after cattle were removed from pens, reaching an apparent baseline after 4 hours. Ammonia concentration increased as pack and ambient air temperature increased (P < 0.01) and was lower in the cold months compared to moderate and hot months (P < 0.01). Depth and pH of bedded pack were affected by seasonal changes but were poorly correlated to the ammonia concentration on the feedlot surface of monoslope facilities (R2 = 0.07). Concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), straight-chain VFA, and branch-chain VFA in manure were highest in the cold and moderate months and lowest during the hot months. The concentration of aromatic compounds in the manure was not affected by season.
Three commercial swine farms with side-by-side 1100- head finishing units were fed two diets with... more Three commercial swine farms with side-by-side 1100- head finishing units were fed two diets with varying protein levels. Odor threshold, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were collected from the pit fans. The high protein (HP) treatment averaged 1420 odor units compared to 1035 odor units for the low protein (LP) treatment, reducing odor by 27% (P= 0.02). Reduction in H2S concentration was not significant, averaging 0.92 ppm and 0.59 ppm for the HP and LP treatments, respectively (P = 0.09). Concentrations of NH3 were 12.3 ppm and 9.1 ppm for the HP and LP treatments, respectively (P =0.10). Seasonal differences in H2S (P= 0.002) and NH3 (P=0.05) were indicated but the cause of this difference was not diet related and could be due to a number of seasonally-related operation attributes. This study demonstrates that dietary manipulation by addition of synthetic amino acids replacing soybean meal is a method pork producers can use to decrease the odor intensity of their pork production site.
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