Children regularly consume low-nutrient, high-calorie food that is not consistent with a healthfu... more Children regularly consume low-nutrient, high-calorie food that is not consistent with a healthful diet, contributing to an increasing epidemic of overweight and obesity. Among the multiple causes of this problem is the food industry’s emphasis on marketing calorie-dense food products to children. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended that industry adopt a uniform system of simplified food ratings to
American children's media environment has changed dramatically in the last several decades. T... more American children's media environment has changed dramatically in the last several decades. This article reviews these technological advances and their impact. As reported in five other articles in this issue, there have been some changes in the media with which children interact and how they interact with them. However, there is also considerable continuity despite the media changes. Also discussed
It is well established that children are exposed to food marketing promoting calorically dense, l... more It is well established that children are exposed to food marketing promoting calorically dense, low-nutrient products. Reducing exposure to obesogenic marketing presents an opportunity to improve children's health. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which televised food advertising practices targeting children (aged ≤12 years) were consistent with guidelines proposed by a coalition of federal authorities known as the Interagency Working Group on Foods Marketed to Children (IWG). A sample of children's TV programming aired on five national broadcast networks and two cable channels (N=103 shows) was recorded February to April 2013. The sample contained 354 food ads. Advertised products were identified and categorized using industry classification codes and nutrient data obtained from manufacturers. Product compliance with IWG saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and sodium guidelines was evaluated. Analyses conducted in 2013 revealed that nearly all food ads (94%) met guidelines for trans fats; 68% and 62% met guidelines for sodium and saturated fat, respectively; and 20% complied with added sugar guidelines. Overall, 1.4% of all child-targeted food ads met all aspects of IWG guidelines. Nearly all food advertisements exceeded guidelines for at least one recommended nutrient to limit. Individually, conformity was high for guidelines for trans fats, moderate for sodium and saturated fats, and poor for added sugar. These findings suggest that child-targeted food advertising remains strongly biased toward less healthy options. Policymakers wishing to regulate food marketing should understand the amount and types of advertisements that children view.
... DALE KUNKEL,1 STACY SMITH,2 PEG SUDING,3 ... The newspapers included in the study were: Atlan... more ... DALE KUNKEL,1 STACY SMITH,2 PEG SUDING,3 ... The newspapers included in the study were: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Chicago Tribune, The Denver Post, Houston Chronicle, Los Angeles Times, Miami Herald, Minneapolis Star Tribune, The New York Times, The Daily ...
Page 1. Sexual Readiness, Household Policies, and Other Predictors of Adolescents' Exposure ... more Page 1. Sexual Readiness, Household Policies, and Other Predictors of Adolescents' Exposure to Sexual Content in Mainstream Entertainment Television Janna L. Kim California State University, Fullerton Rebecca L. Collins ...
To determine the nutritional quality of foods advertised with familiar children&a... more To determine the nutritional quality of foods advertised with familiar children's characters and health-related messages. Children's programming aired on the most popular broadcast and cable channels during 2011 was sampled to form a composite weekday and weekend day. All food advertisements (ads) included in this programming were content analyzed. Five hundred seventy-seven food ads. Familiar characters promoting products were either trade or licensed characters. A product's nutritional quality was determined using the United States Department of Health and Human Services' categorizations, based on the frequency foods should be consumed. Health cues were present when a food was claimed to be healthy, physical activity was depicted, or the product was associated with fruit. Frequencies and chi square analyses were conducted; P < .05. Nearly three quarters (73%) of food ads targeting children use a familiar character. The majority of these ads (72%) promote foods of low nutritional quality, yet 53% employ a health-related message. Familiar characters proliferate in food advertising to children, yet marketers do not adhere to recommendations that characters promote strictly healthy foods. Future research is needed to investigate effects and inform policy decisions in this realm.
... Much has changed in television since the 1970s, when most studies examining the content of ad... more ... Much has changed in television since the 1970s, when most studies examining the content of advertising to children were conducted. ... The topic of television advertising to children first emerged as an important public policy issue early in the 1970s. ...
This study tests the effects of exposure to sexual television content on emerging adults&#x27... more This study tests the effects of exposure to sexual television content on emerging adults' sexual attitudes and moral judgments. One hundred and ten college freshmen were randomly assigned to view shows that portrayed either positive or negative consequences ...
Children regularly consume low-nutrient, high-calorie food that is not consistent with a healthfu... more Children regularly consume low-nutrient, high-calorie food that is not consistent with a healthful diet, contributing to an increasing epidemic of overweight and obesity. Among the multiple causes of this problem is the food industry’s emphasis on marketing calorie-dense food products to children. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended that industry adopt a uniform system of simplified food ratings to
American children's media environment has changed dramatically in the last several decades. T... more American children's media environment has changed dramatically in the last several decades. This article reviews these technological advances and their impact. As reported in five other articles in this issue, there have been some changes in the media with which children interact and how they interact with them. However, there is also considerable continuity despite the media changes. Also discussed
It is well established that children are exposed to food marketing promoting calorically dense, l... more It is well established that children are exposed to food marketing promoting calorically dense, low-nutrient products. Reducing exposure to obesogenic marketing presents an opportunity to improve children's health. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which televised food advertising practices targeting children (aged ≤12 years) were consistent with guidelines proposed by a coalition of federal authorities known as the Interagency Working Group on Foods Marketed to Children (IWG). A sample of children's TV programming aired on five national broadcast networks and two cable channels (N=103 shows) was recorded February to April 2013. The sample contained 354 food ads. Advertised products were identified and categorized using industry classification codes and nutrient data obtained from manufacturers. Product compliance with IWG saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and sodium guidelines was evaluated. Analyses conducted in 2013 revealed that nearly all food ads (94%) met guidelines for trans fats; 68% and 62% met guidelines for sodium and saturated fat, respectively; and 20% complied with added sugar guidelines. Overall, 1.4% of all child-targeted food ads met all aspects of IWG guidelines. Nearly all food advertisements exceeded guidelines for at least one recommended nutrient to limit. Individually, conformity was high for guidelines for trans fats, moderate for sodium and saturated fats, and poor for added sugar. These findings suggest that child-targeted food advertising remains strongly biased toward less healthy options. Policymakers wishing to regulate food marketing should understand the amount and types of advertisements that children view.
... DALE KUNKEL,1 STACY SMITH,2 PEG SUDING,3 ... The newspapers included in the study were: Atlan... more ... DALE KUNKEL,1 STACY SMITH,2 PEG SUDING,3 ... The newspapers included in the study were: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Chicago Tribune, The Denver Post, Houston Chronicle, Los Angeles Times, Miami Herald, Minneapolis Star Tribune, The New York Times, The Daily ...
Page 1. Sexual Readiness, Household Policies, and Other Predictors of Adolescents' Exposure ... more Page 1. Sexual Readiness, Household Policies, and Other Predictors of Adolescents' Exposure to Sexual Content in Mainstream Entertainment Television Janna L. Kim California State University, Fullerton Rebecca L. Collins ...
To determine the nutritional quality of foods advertised with familiar children&a... more To determine the nutritional quality of foods advertised with familiar children's characters and health-related messages. Children's programming aired on the most popular broadcast and cable channels during 2011 was sampled to form a composite weekday and weekend day. All food advertisements (ads) included in this programming were content analyzed. Five hundred seventy-seven food ads. Familiar characters promoting products were either trade or licensed characters. A product's nutritional quality was determined using the United States Department of Health and Human Services' categorizations, based on the frequency foods should be consumed. Health cues were present when a food was claimed to be healthy, physical activity was depicted, or the product was associated with fruit. Frequencies and chi square analyses were conducted; P < .05. Nearly three quarters (73%) of food ads targeting children use a familiar character. The majority of these ads (72%) promote foods of low nutritional quality, yet 53% employ a health-related message. Familiar characters proliferate in food advertising to children, yet marketers do not adhere to recommendations that characters promote strictly healthy foods. Future research is needed to investigate effects and inform policy decisions in this realm.
... Much has changed in television since the 1970s, when most studies examining the content of ad... more ... Much has changed in television since the 1970s, when most studies examining the content of advertising to children were conducted. ... The topic of television advertising to children first emerged as an important public policy issue early in the 1970s. ...
This study tests the effects of exposure to sexual television content on emerging adults&#x27... more This study tests the effects of exposure to sexual television content on emerging adults' sexual attitudes and moral judgments. One hundred and ten college freshmen were randomly assigned to view shows that portrayed either positive or negative consequences ...
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