16 17 Ear rots caused by different Fusarium spp. are one of the most dangerous food and 18 feed s... more 16 17 Ear rots caused by different Fusarium spp. are one of the most dangerous food and 18 feed safety challenges in maize production. At present, the majority of the inbreds and hybrids 19 are susceptible. Gibberella and Fusarium ear rots (caused by F. graminearum and F. 20
Non-enzymatic glycation and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associ... more Non-enzymatic glycation and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with various disease states, including complications of diabetes and aging. Secondary metabolites from several plant species are known to inhibit non-enzymatic glycation and the formation of AGEs, including flavonoids found in the style (silk) of Zea mays (maize). Thirteen modern maize inbreds and one land race were tested for in vitro inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation of bovine serum albumin. Many of the tested extracts exhibited inhibitory activity, in particular the newest inbreds, which were bred for resistance to gibberella ear rot (Fusarium graminearum) and common smut (Ustilago maydis). The most active maize genotype (CO441), displaying an IC 50 of 9.5 μ μ μ μ μg/mL, was more effective than aminoguanidine, a known inhibitor of glycation. Zapalote chico, a land race with high maysin content, showed only moderate inhibitory activity compared with the modern maize genotypes. Antiglycation activity was highly correlated with the total phenolic content of silk extracts and mildly correlated with resistance to certain fungal infections. The results identify modern resistant and high phenolic maize inbreds as promising candidates for the development of natural AGE inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications and the degenerative effects of aging.
The alkane content of the silks of nine maize genotypes was analyzed to investigate the role of s... more The alkane content of the silks of nine maize genotypes was analyzed to investigate the role of silk wax in resistance to Fusarium graminearum. Silk samples were collected 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after silk emergence and divided into three sections: exposed silk, silk channel silk, and silk that is under the husk and overlying the kernels. Four major unbranched alkanes (C(25), C(27), C(29), and C(31)) and three isoalkanes (C(27i), C(29i), and C(31i)) were identified. Total alkane contents were highest in the exposed silk followed by the silk channel silk, with the lowest in the youngest silk closest to the kernels. In the silk channel and overlying kernel silks, the moderately resistant inbred CO272 consistently had the highest alkane content. None of the other inbreds with improved resistance had as high a level of alkanes as CO272, indicating that alkane content is not a major mechanism of resistance.
The leaf sheaths of selected inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) with variable levels of stem res... more The leaf sheaths of selected inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) with variable levels of stem resistance to the Mediterranean corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèvbre) were evaluated for antibiotic effect on insect development. Phytochemical analyses of leaf sheaths were conducted for cell wall phenylpropanoid content to gain a better understanding of maize-resistance mechanisms. Laboratory bioassays established that sheath tissues from different genotypes significantly affected the growth of neonate larvae. Three hydroxycinnamates, p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, and cis-ferulic acids, and three isomers of diferulic acid, 8-5', 8-O-4', and 8-5' b (benzofuran form), were identified. Significant negative correlations were found between larvae weight and diferulic acid content for six genotypes. These results are in agreement with previous studies concerning the role of cell wall structural components in stem borer resistance.
... Article. Root Morphology of Contrasting Maize Genotypes. Carlos Costa a ,; Lianne M. Dwyer b ... more ... Article. Root Morphology of Contrasting Maize Genotypes. Carlos Costa a ,; Lianne M. Dwyer b ,; Xiaomin Zhou c ,; Pierre Dutilleul c ,; Chantal Hamel d ,; Lana M. Reid b and; Donald L. Smith * c. a Dep. of Plant Sci., McGill Univ., Macdonald ...
In 2014, the pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was isolated from symptomatic... more In 2014, the pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was isolated from symptomatic corn leaves in Manitoba, Canada. We report the draft genome sequence of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis DOAB 397, consisting of 3.059 Mb with 73.0% G+C content, 2,922 predicted protein-coding sequences, 45 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, and 37 pseudogenes.
16 17 Ear rots caused by different Fusarium spp. are one of the most dangerous food and 18 feed s... more 16 17 Ear rots caused by different Fusarium spp. are one of the most dangerous food and 18 feed safety challenges in maize production. At present, the majority of the inbreds and hybrids 19 are susceptible. Gibberella and Fusarium ear rots (caused by F. graminearum and F. 20
Non-enzymatic glycation and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associ... more Non-enzymatic glycation and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with various disease states, including complications of diabetes and aging. Secondary metabolites from several plant species are known to inhibit non-enzymatic glycation and the formation of AGEs, including flavonoids found in the style (silk) of Zea mays (maize). Thirteen modern maize inbreds and one land race were tested for in vitro inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation of bovine serum albumin. Many of the tested extracts exhibited inhibitory activity, in particular the newest inbreds, which were bred for resistance to gibberella ear rot (Fusarium graminearum) and common smut (Ustilago maydis). The most active maize genotype (CO441), displaying an IC 50 of 9.5 μ μ μ μ μg/mL, was more effective than aminoguanidine, a known inhibitor of glycation. Zapalote chico, a land race with high maysin content, showed only moderate inhibitory activity compared with the modern maize genotypes. Antiglycation activity was highly correlated with the total phenolic content of silk extracts and mildly correlated with resistance to certain fungal infections. The results identify modern resistant and high phenolic maize inbreds as promising candidates for the development of natural AGE inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications and the degenerative effects of aging.
The alkane content of the silks of nine maize genotypes was analyzed to investigate the role of s... more The alkane content of the silks of nine maize genotypes was analyzed to investigate the role of silk wax in resistance to Fusarium graminearum. Silk samples were collected 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after silk emergence and divided into three sections: exposed silk, silk channel silk, and silk that is under the husk and overlying the kernels. Four major unbranched alkanes (C(25), C(27), C(29), and C(31)) and three isoalkanes (C(27i), C(29i), and C(31i)) were identified. Total alkane contents were highest in the exposed silk followed by the silk channel silk, with the lowest in the youngest silk closest to the kernels. In the silk channel and overlying kernel silks, the moderately resistant inbred CO272 consistently had the highest alkane content. None of the other inbreds with improved resistance had as high a level of alkanes as CO272, indicating that alkane content is not a major mechanism of resistance.
The leaf sheaths of selected inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) with variable levels of stem res... more The leaf sheaths of selected inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) with variable levels of stem resistance to the Mediterranean corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèvbre) were evaluated for antibiotic effect on insect development. Phytochemical analyses of leaf sheaths were conducted for cell wall phenylpropanoid content to gain a better understanding of maize-resistance mechanisms. Laboratory bioassays established that sheath tissues from different genotypes significantly affected the growth of neonate larvae. Three hydroxycinnamates, p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, and cis-ferulic acids, and three isomers of diferulic acid, 8-5', 8-O-4', and 8-5' b (benzofuran form), were identified. Significant negative correlations were found between larvae weight and diferulic acid content for six genotypes. These results are in agreement with previous studies concerning the role of cell wall structural components in stem borer resistance.
... Article. Root Morphology of Contrasting Maize Genotypes. Carlos Costa a ,; Lianne M. Dwyer b ... more ... Article. Root Morphology of Contrasting Maize Genotypes. Carlos Costa a ,; Lianne M. Dwyer b ,; Xiaomin Zhou c ,; Pierre Dutilleul c ,; Chantal Hamel d ,; Lana M. Reid b and; Donald L. Smith * c. a Dep. of Plant Sci., McGill Univ., Macdonald ...
In 2014, the pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was isolated from symptomatic... more In 2014, the pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was isolated from symptomatic corn leaves in Manitoba, Canada. We report the draft genome sequence of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis DOAB 397, consisting of 3.059 Mb with 73.0% G+C content, 2,922 predicted protein-coding sequences, 45 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, and 37 pseudogenes.
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