Mass Extermination Mass Expulsion - Documenting Israeli War Crimes in Gaza, 2024
Executive Summary
Since 7th October 2023, the Gaza region of Palestine has been under a constan... more Executive Summary
Since 7th October 2023, the Gaza region of Palestine has been under a constant bombardment by the Israeli Army that has seen in excess of 36,000 Palestinians murdered. In that time, the Israeli Army, with its stated intentions of recapturing hostages and ridding Gaza of Hamas, has been taken to trial by South Africa to the International Court of Justice under the crime of Genocide. Social media has been awash with the most horrifying scenes which have broadcast the utter destruction and devastation that the Gazans have faced. This report sought to establish if the attacks by the Israeli Army and State were designed to meet its stated intentions (reclaiming hostages and dismantling Hamas) or, as is the prognosis from the majority of those watching in disbelief, that the Israeli Army and State were attacking civilian infrastructure to bring about the shut down of Gazan society.
The attacking of civilian infrastructure is a war crime under the Geneva conventions and is also codified by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as such too. This report monitored the destruction of the following sections of civilian infrastructure: schools, religious buildings and institutes, telecommunications network, water and sanitation hygiene facilities, roads, and hospitals. Data was sourced from IDF official communications, Palestinian citizen reporting and media reporting on the above civilian infrastructure over the course of October 2023 to February 2024. By better understanding the patterns of the Israeli war efforts from army and State, Government(s) will be better positioned to understand if Israel is meeting its stated intentions or is in fact attacking the core of civilian society in Gaza.
Schools - 193 attacks on schools were recorded across 150 school buildings – 87 of those attacks came in December. There is a clear geographical trend of attacks occurring on schools in North to South direction over the months of the military campaign. In early December, Beit Lahia, Gaza City and Jabalia all in the North saw the brunt of attacks, whereas by February 2024, 55% of all attacks on school building had occurred in the Southern city of Khan Younis. On schools, the most used building for internally displaced people, all methods of attacks have been monitored – from aerial strikes, to sniper attacks, attacks from naval vessels as well as raiding and imprisoning civilians (at least 20 such attacks were monitored where civilian males were rounded up in schools and tortured or taken to unknown destinations).
Water - By 8th October, water had been cut off from North Gaza via the Al Mentar pipeline immediately affecting more than 610,000 in Gaza city alone. At the end of October only 5% of water for Gaza was being produced by the desalination plants due to the siege on fuel. Over the winter months, with water virtually not available, access to showers was now 1 shower to 700 Gazans and more than 120,000 cases of disease were reported ranging from diarrhoea, scabies and lice, rashes, and jaundice as a direct result of lack of access to clean water. By February 2024, diarrhoea cases of children under 5 had increased by 79% with 104,000 cases reported.
Roads - On monitoring the attacks on roads, it was clear that the destruction of roads in the north was to dismantle almost the entire population south towards other towns and cities - a third of attacks were focussed on Al Rashid Road and its junctions in the heart of Gaza City. A further 57% of attacks on roads were on the Salah Al Din Road which runs through Gaza North to South and connects the civilian towns of Jabalia, Zeitoun, Nuseirat, Maghazi, Deir al Balah and Khan Younis.
Telecoms - 11 of the 13 Palestinian telecoms provider have totally collapsed and are unable to offer any connectivity. The only two remaining telecoms providers PalTel and Mada operating at around 30% capacity have suffered multiple blackouts due to lack of access to fuel or mandated Israeli state network cut offs. As was the case with the attacks on roads and hospitals, the telecommunications blackouts by the Israeli state followed a north to south pattern – the second blackout recorded on 1st November 2023, left only 5% of the Middle Area governate with connectivity and the last recorded blackout monitored by this report on January 22nd left Rafah with only 5% connectivity.
Religious Buildings and Institutions - Of all attacks on religious buildings by the Israeli army, 83% of recorded attacks were on mosques. 36 Cemetries had been destroyed and corpse desecration is a noticeable trend amongst Israeli army attacks- in December 2023, 71% of all cemetery attacks were in the North of Gaza, while in January 2024 66% of all cemetery attacks were in Southern regions.
Hospitals - Across 146 days of monitoring, hospitals were attacked on 65% of those days. The attack on hospitals were systematic moving North to South to render all health facilities non-operational by the middle of February 2024. Roads around hospitals were attacked first to prevent patients from seeking or evacuating medical assistance. In the case of Al Quds, Kamal Adwan and Al Aqsa hospital, fuel was deliberately cut off leading to the death of kidney patients and premature babies in neonatal incubators. Just under half of Gaza’s hospitals and health facilities have been attacked multiple times by Israeli Army either by air, sea, or ground attacks.
The findings of the monitoring report show a clear Israeli targeting of civilian infrastructure from North to South and is systemic in following the civilian population to their areas of displacement with their attacks. In all of the 753 cases of civilian infrastructure attacks recorded in the report, civilian loss of life and the destruction of civilian society is clearly evidenced. Rather than meeting the stated intention of extracting hostages and dismantling Hamas, the most obvious findings in this report highlight destruction of places of refuge and accessibility of those who are displaced.
There has been no significant hostage extraction – a clear military objective of Israel. Rather, there are 36,000 civilian deaths. There has been no notable dismantling of Hamas leadership, and the vast majority of senior leaders are still in position – another clear military objective of Israel. Rather there is unfathomable destruction across civilian infrastructure of housing, schools, hospitals, and places of worship. Given the massive military aid that Israel receives from USA and given Israel’s highly equipped IDF it’s unmet stated military objectives should be discerning for the Israeli leadership. Rather, it seems quite apparent from the patterns identified in this report and by the price of thousands of civilian deaths and 80 years’ worth of destruction and debris, that Israel’s likely actual military objective was to cause mass extermination (labelled as such because Israel clearly sees Palestinians as less than human with senior administration using terms such as ‘human animals’)and mass expulsion – policies of violent colonisation and occupation. In line with the above, funding to UN operations namely UNRWA, WHO and OCHA efforts should be supported and not defunded as has been the case in many situations. The Gaza civilian population is in risk of starvation, forced displacement to a third country and of further attacks whilst Government(s) do not recognise the Israeli strategy of attacks on Gaza - it is not to establish the safe return of hostages or of political change but an attack on civil society and civilian infrastructure – a clear and evidenced War Crime. Government(s) are therefore advised to withdraw from any arms trade and impose a full and complete arms embargo with a State that is clearly attacking civilians. Funding and active participation for humanitarian response to meet the needs of 2.2 million people must also be significantly raised.
Mass Extermination Mass Expulsion - Documenting Israeli War Crimes in Gaza, 2024
Executive Summary
Since 7th October 2023, the Gaza region of Palestine has been under a constan... more Executive Summary
Since 7th October 2023, the Gaza region of Palestine has been under a constant bombardment by the Israeli Army that has seen in excess of 36,000 Palestinians murdered. In that time, the Israeli Army, with its stated intentions of recapturing hostages and ridding Gaza of Hamas, has been taken to trial by South Africa to the International Court of Justice under the crime of Genocide. Social media has been awash with the most horrifying scenes which have broadcast the utter destruction and devastation that the Gazans have faced. This report sought to establish if the attacks by the Israeli Army and State were designed to meet its stated intentions (reclaiming hostages and dismantling Hamas) or, as is the prognosis from the majority of those watching in disbelief, that the Israeli Army and State were attacking civilian infrastructure to bring about the shut down of Gazan society.
The attacking of civilian infrastructure is a war crime under the Geneva conventions and is also codified by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as such too. This report monitored the destruction of the following sections of civilian infrastructure: schools, religious buildings and institutes, telecommunications network, water and sanitation hygiene facilities, roads, and hospitals. Data was sourced from IDF official communications, Palestinian citizen reporting and media reporting on the above civilian infrastructure over the course of October 2023 to February 2024. By better understanding the patterns of the Israeli war efforts from army and State, Government(s) will be better positioned to understand if Israel is meeting its stated intentions or is in fact attacking the core of civilian society in Gaza.
Schools - 193 attacks on schools were recorded across 150 school buildings – 87 of those attacks came in December. There is a clear geographical trend of attacks occurring on schools in North to South direction over the months of the military campaign. In early December, Beit Lahia, Gaza City and Jabalia all in the North saw the brunt of attacks, whereas by February 2024, 55% of all attacks on school building had occurred in the Southern city of Khan Younis. On schools, the most used building for internally displaced people, all methods of attacks have been monitored – from aerial strikes, to sniper attacks, attacks from naval vessels as well as raiding and imprisoning civilians (at least 20 such attacks were monitored where civilian males were rounded up in schools and tortured or taken to unknown destinations).
Water - By 8th October, water had been cut off from North Gaza via the Al Mentar pipeline immediately affecting more than 610,000 in Gaza city alone. At the end of October only 5% of water for Gaza was being produced by the desalination plants due to the siege on fuel. Over the winter months, with water virtually not available, access to showers was now 1 shower to 700 Gazans and more than 120,000 cases of disease were reported ranging from diarrhoea, scabies and lice, rashes, and jaundice as a direct result of lack of access to clean water. By February 2024, diarrhoea cases of children under 5 had increased by 79% with 104,000 cases reported.
Roads - On monitoring the attacks on roads, it was clear that the destruction of roads in the north was to dismantle almost the entire population south towards other towns and cities - a third of attacks were focussed on Al Rashid Road and its junctions in the heart of Gaza City. A further 57% of attacks on roads were on the Salah Al Din Road which runs through Gaza North to South and connects the civilian towns of Jabalia, Zeitoun, Nuseirat, Maghazi, Deir al Balah and Khan Younis.
Telecoms - 11 of the 13 Palestinian telecoms provider have totally collapsed and are unable to offer any connectivity. The only two remaining telecoms providers PalTel and Mada operating at around 30% capacity have suffered multiple blackouts due to lack of access to fuel or mandated Israeli state network cut offs. As was the case with the attacks on roads and hospitals, the telecommunications blackouts by the Israeli state followed a north to south pattern – the second blackout recorded on 1st November 2023, left only 5% of the Middle Area governate with connectivity and the last recorded blackout monitored by this report on January 22nd left Rafah with only 5% connectivity.
Religious Buildings and Institutions - Of all attacks on religious buildings by the Israeli army, 83% of recorded attacks were on mosques. 36 Cemetries had been destroyed and corpse desecration is a noticeable trend amongst Israeli army attacks- in December 2023, 71% of all cemetery attacks were in the North of Gaza, while in January 2024 66% of all cemetery attacks were in Southern regions.
Hospitals - Across 146 days of monitoring, hospitals were attacked on 65% of those days. The attack on hospitals were systematic moving North to South to render all health facilities non-operational by the middle of February 2024. Roads around hospitals were attacked first to prevent patients from seeking or evacuating medical assistance. In the case of Al Quds, Kamal Adwan and Al Aqsa hospital, fuel was deliberately cut off leading to the death of kidney patients and premature babies in neonatal incubators. Just under half of Gaza’s hospitals and health facilities have been attacked multiple times by Israeli Army either by air, sea, or ground attacks.
The findings of the monitoring report show a clear Israeli targeting of civilian infrastructure from North to South and is systemic in following the civilian population to their areas of displacement with their attacks. In all of the 753 cases of civilian infrastructure attacks recorded in the report, civilian loss of life and the destruction of civilian society is clearly evidenced. Rather than meeting the stated intention of extracting hostages and dismantling Hamas, the most obvious findings in this report highlight destruction of places of refuge and accessibility of those who are displaced.
There has been no significant hostage extraction – a clear military objective of Israel. Rather, there are 36,000 civilian deaths. There has been no notable dismantling of Hamas leadership, and the vast majority of senior leaders are still in position – another clear military objective of Israel. Rather there is unfathomable destruction across civilian infrastructure of housing, schools, hospitals, and places of worship. Given the massive military aid that Israel receives from USA and given Israel’s highly equipped IDF it’s unmet stated military objectives should be discerning for the Israeli leadership. Rather, it seems quite apparent from the patterns identified in this report and by the price of thousands of civilian deaths and 80 years’ worth of destruction and debris, that Israel’s likely actual military objective was to cause mass extermination (labelled as such because Israel clearly sees Palestinians as less than human with senior administration using terms such as ‘human animals’)and mass expulsion – policies of violent colonisation and occupation. In line with the above, funding to UN operations namely UNRWA, WHO and OCHA efforts should be supported and not defunded as has been the case in many situations. The Gaza civilian population is in risk of starvation, forced displacement to a third country and of further attacks whilst Government(s) do not recognise the Israeli strategy of attacks on Gaza - it is not to establish the safe return of hostages or of political change but an attack on civil society and civilian infrastructure – a clear and evidenced War Crime. Government(s) are therefore advised to withdraw from any arms trade and impose a full and complete arms embargo with a State that is clearly attacking civilians. Funding and active participation for humanitarian response to meet the needs of 2.2 million people must also be significantly raised.
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Since 7th October 2023, the Gaza region of Palestine has been under a constant bombardment by the Israeli Army that has seen in excess of 36,000 Palestinians murdered. In that time, the Israeli Army, with its stated intentions of recapturing hostages and ridding Gaza of Hamas, has been taken to trial by South Africa to the International Court of Justice under the crime of Genocide. Social media has been awash with the most horrifying scenes which have broadcast the utter destruction and devastation that the Gazans have faced. This report sought to establish if the attacks by the Israeli Army and State were designed to meet its stated intentions (reclaiming hostages and dismantling Hamas) or, as is the prognosis from the majority of those watching in disbelief, that the Israeli Army and State were attacking civilian infrastructure to bring about the shut down of Gazan society.
The attacking of civilian infrastructure is a war crime under the Geneva conventions and is also codified by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as such too. This report monitored the destruction of the following sections of civilian infrastructure: schools, religious buildings and institutes, telecommunications network, water and sanitation hygiene facilities, roads, and hospitals. Data was sourced from IDF official communications, Palestinian citizen reporting and media reporting on the above civilian infrastructure over the course of October 2023 to February 2024. By better understanding the patterns of the Israeli war efforts from army and State, Government(s) will be better positioned to understand if Israel is meeting its stated intentions or is in fact attacking the core of civilian society in Gaza.
Schools - 193 attacks on schools were recorded across 150 school buildings – 87 of those attacks came in December. There is a clear geographical trend of attacks occurring on schools in North to South direction over the months of the military campaign. In early December, Beit Lahia, Gaza City and Jabalia all in the North saw the brunt of attacks, whereas by February 2024, 55% of all attacks on school building had occurred in the Southern city of Khan Younis. On schools, the most used building for internally displaced people, all methods of attacks have been monitored – from aerial strikes, to sniper attacks, attacks from naval vessels as well as raiding and imprisoning civilians (at least 20 such attacks were monitored where civilian males were rounded up in schools and tortured or taken to unknown destinations).
Water - By 8th October, water had been cut off from North Gaza via the Al Mentar pipeline immediately affecting more than 610,000 in Gaza city alone. At the end of October only 5% of water for Gaza was being produced by the desalination plants due to the siege on fuel. Over the winter months, with water virtually not available, access to showers was now 1 shower to 700 Gazans and more than 120,000 cases of disease were reported ranging from diarrhoea, scabies and lice, rashes, and jaundice as a direct result of lack of access to clean water. By February 2024, diarrhoea cases of children under 5 had increased by 79% with 104,000 cases reported.
Roads - On monitoring the attacks on roads, it was clear that the destruction of roads in the north was to dismantle almost the entire population south towards other towns and cities - a third of attacks were focussed on Al Rashid Road and its junctions in the heart of Gaza City. A further 57% of attacks on roads were on the Salah Al Din Road which runs through Gaza North to South and connects the civilian towns of Jabalia, Zeitoun, Nuseirat, Maghazi, Deir al Balah and Khan Younis.
Telecoms - 11 of the 13 Palestinian telecoms provider have totally collapsed and are unable to offer any connectivity. The only two remaining telecoms providers PalTel and Mada operating at around 30% capacity have suffered multiple blackouts due to lack of access to fuel or mandated Israeli state network cut offs. As was the case with the attacks on roads and hospitals, the telecommunications blackouts by the Israeli state followed a north to south pattern – the second blackout recorded on 1st November 2023, left only 5% of the Middle Area governate with connectivity and the last recorded blackout monitored by this report on January 22nd left Rafah with only 5% connectivity.
Religious Buildings and Institutions - Of all attacks on religious buildings by the Israeli army, 83% of recorded attacks were on mosques. 36 Cemetries had been destroyed and corpse desecration is a noticeable trend amongst Israeli army attacks- in December 2023, 71% of all cemetery attacks were in the North of Gaza, while in January 2024 66% of all cemetery attacks were in Southern regions.
Hospitals - Across 146 days of monitoring, hospitals were attacked on 65% of those days. The attack on hospitals were systematic moving North to South to render all health facilities non-operational by the middle of February 2024. Roads around hospitals were attacked first to prevent patients from seeking or evacuating medical assistance. In the case of Al Quds, Kamal Adwan and Al Aqsa hospital, fuel was deliberately cut off leading to the death of kidney patients and premature babies in neonatal incubators. Just under half of Gaza’s hospitals and health facilities have been attacked multiple times by Israeli Army either by air, sea, or ground attacks.
The findings of the monitoring report show a clear Israeli targeting of civilian infrastructure from North to South and is systemic in following the civilian population to their areas of displacement with their attacks. In all of the 753 cases of civilian infrastructure attacks recorded in the report, civilian loss of life and the destruction of civilian society is clearly evidenced. Rather than meeting the stated intention of extracting hostages and dismantling Hamas, the most obvious findings in this report highlight destruction of places of refuge and accessibility of those who are displaced.
There has been no significant hostage extraction – a clear military objective of Israel. Rather, there are 36,000 civilian deaths. There has been no notable dismantling of Hamas leadership, and the vast majority of senior leaders are still in position – another clear military objective of Israel. Rather there is unfathomable destruction across civilian infrastructure of housing, schools, hospitals, and places of worship. Given the massive military aid that Israel receives from USA and given Israel’s highly equipped IDF it’s unmet stated military objectives should be discerning for the Israeli leadership. Rather, it seems quite apparent from the patterns identified in this report and by the price of thousands of civilian deaths and 80 years’ worth of destruction and debris, that Israel’s likely actual military objective was to cause mass extermination (labelled as such because Israel clearly sees Palestinians as less than human with senior administration using terms such as ‘human animals’)and mass expulsion – policies of violent colonisation and occupation.
In line with the above, funding to UN operations namely UNRWA, WHO and OCHA efforts should be supported and not defunded as has been the case in many situations. The Gaza civilian population is in risk of starvation, forced displacement to a third country and of further attacks whilst Government(s) do not recognise the Israeli strategy of attacks on Gaza - it is not to establish the safe return of hostages or of political change but an attack on civil society and civilian infrastructure – a clear and evidenced War Crime. Government(s) are therefore advised to withdraw from any arms trade and impose a full and complete arms embargo with a State that is clearly attacking civilians. Funding and active participation for humanitarian response to meet the needs of 2.2 million people must also be significantly raised.
Since 7th October 2023, the Gaza region of Palestine has been under a constant bombardment by the Israeli Army that has seen in excess of 36,000 Palestinians murdered. In that time, the Israeli Army, with its stated intentions of recapturing hostages and ridding Gaza of Hamas, has been taken to trial by South Africa to the International Court of Justice under the crime of Genocide. Social media has been awash with the most horrifying scenes which have broadcast the utter destruction and devastation that the Gazans have faced. This report sought to establish if the attacks by the Israeli Army and State were designed to meet its stated intentions (reclaiming hostages and dismantling Hamas) or, as is the prognosis from the majority of those watching in disbelief, that the Israeli Army and State were attacking civilian infrastructure to bring about the shut down of Gazan society.
The attacking of civilian infrastructure is a war crime under the Geneva conventions and is also codified by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as such too. This report monitored the destruction of the following sections of civilian infrastructure: schools, religious buildings and institutes, telecommunications network, water and sanitation hygiene facilities, roads, and hospitals. Data was sourced from IDF official communications, Palestinian citizen reporting and media reporting on the above civilian infrastructure over the course of October 2023 to February 2024. By better understanding the patterns of the Israeli war efforts from army and State, Government(s) will be better positioned to understand if Israel is meeting its stated intentions or is in fact attacking the core of civilian society in Gaza.
Schools - 193 attacks on schools were recorded across 150 school buildings – 87 of those attacks came in December. There is a clear geographical trend of attacks occurring on schools in North to South direction over the months of the military campaign. In early December, Beit Lahia, Gaza City and Jabalia all in the North saw the brunt of attacks, whereas by February 2024, 55% of all attacks on school building had occurred in the Southern city of Khan Younis. On schools, the most used building for internally displaced people, all methods of attacks have been monitored – from aerial strikes, to sniper attacks, attacks from naval vessels as well as raiding and imprisoning civilians (at least 20 such attacks were monitored where civilian males were rounded up in schools and tortured or taken to unknown destinations).
Water - By 8th October, water had been cut off from North Gaza via the Al Mentar pipeline immediately affecting more than 610,000 in Gaza city alone. At the end of October only 5% of water for Gaza was being produced by the desalination plants due to the siege on fuel. Over the winter months, with water virtually not available, access to showers was now 1 shower to 700 Gazans and more than 120,000 cases of disease were reported ranging from diarrhoea, scabies and lice, rashes, and jaundice as a direct result of lack of access to clean water. By February 2024, diarrhoea cases of children under 5 had increased by 79% with 104,000 cases reported.
Roads - On monitoring the attacks on roads, it was clear that the destruction of roads in the north was to dismantle almost the entire population south towards other towns and cities - a third of attacks were focussed on Al Rashid Road and its junctions in the heart of Gaza City. A further 57% of attacks on roads were on the Salah Al Din Road which runs through Gaza North to South and connects the civilian towns of Jabalia, Zeitoun, Nuseirat, Maghazi, Deir al Balah and Khan Younis.
Telecoms - 11 of the 13 Palestinian telecoms provider have totally collapsed and are unable to offer any connectivity. The only two remaining telecoms providers PalTel and Mada operating at around 30% capacity have suffered multiple blackouts due to lack of access to fuel or mandated Israeli state network cut offs. As was the case with the attacks on roads and hospitals, the telecommunications blackouts by the Israeli state followed a north to south pattern – the second blackout recorded on 1st November 2023, left only 5% of the Middle Area governate with connectivity and the last recorded blackout monitored by this report on January 22nd left Rafah with only 5% connectivity.
Religious Buildings and Institutions - Of all attacks on religious buildings by the Israeli army, 83% of recorded attacks were on mosques. 36 Cemetries had been destroyed and corpse desecration is a noticeable trend amongst Israeli army attacks- in December 2023, 71% of all cemetery attacks were in the North of Gaza, while in January 2024 66% of all cemetery attacks were in Southern regions.
Hospitals - Across 146 days of monitoring, hospitals were attacked on 65% of those days. The attack on hospitals were systematic moving North to South to render all health facilities non-operational by the middle of February 2024. Roads around hospitals were attacked first to prevent patients from seeking or evacuating medical assistance. In the case of Al Quds, Kamal Adwan and Al Aqsa hospital, fuel was deliberately cut off leading to the death of kidney patients and premature babies in neonatal incubators. Just under half of Gaza’s hospitals and health facilities have been attacked multiple times by Israeli Army either by air, sea, or ground attacks.
The findings of the monitoring report show a clear Israeli targeting of civilian infrastructure from North to South and is systemic in following the civilian population to their areas of displacement with their attacks. In all of the 753 cases of civilian infrastructure attacks recorded in the report, civilian loss of life and the destruction of civilian society is clearly evidenced. Rather than meeting the stated intention of extracting hostages and dismantling Hamas, the most obvious findings in this report highlight destruction of places of refuge and accessibility of those who are displaced.
There has been no significant hostage extraction – a clear military objective of Israel. Rather, there are 36,000 civilian deaths. There has been no notable dismantling of Hamas leadership, and the vast majority of senior leaders are still in position – another clear military objective of Israel. Rather there is unfathomable destruction across civilian infrastructure of housing, schools, hospitals, and places of worship. Given the massive military aid that Israel receives from USA and given Israel’s highly equipped IDF it’s unmet stated military objectives should be discerning for the Israeli leadership. Rather, it seems quite apparent from the patterns identified in this report and by the price of thousands of civilian deaths and 80 years’ worth of destruction and debris, that Israel’s likely actual military objective was to cause mass extermination (labelled as such because Israel clearly sees Palestinians as less than human with senior administration using terms such as ‘human animals’)and mass expulsion – policies of violent colonisation and occupation.
In line with the above, funding to UN operations namely UNRWA, WHO and OCHA efforts should be supported and not defunded as has been the case in many situations. The Gaza civilian population is in risk of starvation, forced displacement to a third country and of further attacks whilst Government(s) do not recognise the Israeli strategy of attacks on Gaza - it is not to establish the safe return of hostages or of political change but an attack on civil society and civilian infrastructure – a clear and evidenced War Crime. Government(s) are therefore advised to withdraw from any arms trade and impose a full and complete arms embargo with a State that is clearly attacking civilians. Funding and active participation for humanitarian response to meet the needs of 2.2 million people must also be significantly raised.