International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2010
Malamulele is located in an arid region where small-scale irrigation with wastewater is rife. A s... more Malamulele is located in an arid region where small-scale irrigation with wastewater is rife. A study was conducted to investigate the health implications of wastewater reuse in vegetable irrigation. Results showed that there are potential health hazards associated with this practice. The wastewater contained 103 helminth eggs/100 ml and zero helminth eggs for control group; vegetable wash water had 3 helminth eggs/100 ml for the exposed group and zero for control. The wastewater results exceeded the WHO guidelines whereas the vegetable wash water counts were within the guideline. Stool samples of farmers and their children indicated common infections with hookworm and Giardia lamblia. Hookworm infections were high (42%) among exposed group in comparison to the control group (27.5%). The farmers were able derive their livelihood from the sale of vegetables. The findings suggest that the health risks of using wastewater are real but can be managed by using the incomes that the farmers earn.
Stakeholder participation is viewed as critical in the current water sector reforms taking place ... more Stakeholder participation is viewed as critical in the current water sector reforms taking place in the Southern African region. In Zimbabwe, policies and legislation encourage stakeholder participation. A study was undertaken to determine the extent of stakeholder participation ...
International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2010
Malamulele is located in an arid region where small-scale irrigation with wastewater is rife. A s... more Malamulele is located in an arid region where small-scale irrigation with wastewater is rife. A study was conducted to investigate the health implications of wastewater reuse in vegetable irrigation. Results showed that there are potential health hazards associated with this practice. The wastewater contained 103 helminth eggs/100 ml and zero helminth eggs for control group; vegetable wash water had 3 helminth eggs/100 ml for the exposed group and zero for control. The wastewater results exceeded the WHO guidelines whereas the vegetable wash water counts were within the guideline. Stool samples of farmers and their children indicated common infections with hookworm and Giardia lamblia. Hookworm infections were high (42%) among exposed group in comparison to the control group (27.5%). The farmers were able derive their livelihood from the sale of vegetables. The findings suggest that the health risks of using wastewater are real but can be managed by using the incomes that the farmers earn.
Stakeholder participation is viewed as critical in the current water sector reforms taking place ... more Stakeholder participation is viewed as critical in the current water sector reforms taking place in the Southern African region. In Zimbabwe, policies and legislation encourage stakeholder participation. A study was undertaken to determine the extent of stakeholder participation ...
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