Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scien... more Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scientific historiography, it does not mean that the famous mediaeval origin theories of the Hungarian nation disappeared On the contrary, they continued to influence the historical thinking for many centuries The well-known legendary and biblical theories get a new possible interpretation The Protestant priest converted to Catholicism Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris (1648–1718), using his distinguished education (he had learned and researched in Utrecht, Franeker, Oxford, and Rome), attempted to extend the scope of these theories with a new character: the famous Prometheus from Greek mythology The aim of our paper is to present a critical analysis of Otrokcsi’s theory and of the sources he used in his work entitled Origines Hungaricae… (1693)
Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scien... more Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scientific historiography, it does not mean that the famous mediaeval origin theories of the Hungarian nation disappeared On the contrary, they continued to influence the historical thinking for many centuries The well-known legendary and biblical theories get a new possible interpretation The Protestant priest converted to Catholicism Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris (1648-1718), using his distinguished education (he had learned and researched in Utrecht, Franeker, Oxford, and Rome), attempted to extend the scope of these theories with a new character: the famous Prometheus from Greek mythology The aim of our paper is to present a critical analysis of Otrokcsi's theory and of the sources he used in his work entitled Origines Hungaricae… (1693)
A dolgozat Tertullianus Adversus Iudaeosát mint egységes irodalmi alkotást elemzi. A kutatást köz... more A dolgozat Tertullianus Adversus Iudaeosát mint egységes irodalmi alkotást elemzi. A kutatást központjában maga a mű szerepel, amelyet történelmi, kultúrtörténeti, irodalmi és retorikai szempontból elemez.The dissertion studies Tertullians Adversus Iudaeos like a uniform literary creation. In the center of research is this work, and it is analyzed from historical, cultural, literary, rhetorical and typological point of view.N
Works concerning the history of the Hungarian Reform had been almost absent until the second half... more Works concerning the history of the Hungarian Reform had been almost absent until the second half of the seventeenth century. The relatively peaceful process of the Hungarian Reform, the lack of armed conflicts, and the tragic memory of the battle of Mohács made the appearance of self-justifying religious narratives in Hungarian historiography seem unnecessary. On the other hand, the changes caused by the Tridentine Catholic renewal movement and the deterioration of the religious and political condition of the Protestant confession culminated in punishing actions. This brought the polemical and self-justifying narratives to the forefront in both literature and historiography. First signs of interest regarding the history of Protestantism appeared on the Catholic side, but they emerged under the pressure of the circumstances. On the other hand, a growing foreign interest gradually appeared on the Protestant side, making way to historiographical works. An example of such an opus is th...
The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so... more The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so) was full of unexpected changes. From the tragic Battle of Mohács, fought against the Ottoman invasion (1526), until the Diploma Leopoldinum, which integrated the Principality in the huge Habsburg Empire, events like the rise of Lutheran, Calvinian or Unitarian reforms, the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation – despite the Edict of Torda in 1568, which declared religious tolerance and freedom of conscience – brought forth more disagreements. In the 1670s a new population coming from Moldova appeared in the Principality: the Armenians. The history of the establishment of this population was mentioned by the Catholic priest István Lakatos in his work Siculia (1702). Through the analysis of this work, we search for answers to the question regarding the relatively short integration period of this ethnic group.
Travelling was not less popular in ancient times than nowadays. People would set out for distant ... more Travelling was not less popular in ancient times than nowadays. People would set out for distant lands with various purposes: to trade, to do business, to gain information, to further develop science, to fight a battle, to visit sacred sites, and last but not least, they travelled with political-administrative purposes. Those who returned from these voyages often shared their exotic experiences; sometimes they even put them down on paper (like Herodotus, Pausanias, Caesar, etc.]. When somebody’s journey or delegation had not been very successful, they could still cosmeticize the story when telling it in the City, in case there had not been any witnesses to tell otherwise. On the other hand, such cases could easily be exploited by the prosecutor in critical situations such as a trial: Cicero used this exact method in his attack against Piso.
Q. S. F. Tertullian was one of the most prominent writers and apologists of the early Christian C... more Q. S. F. Tertullian was one of the most prominent writers and apologists of the early Christian Church. He had two important goals with his works: on the one hand, to introduce, according to the spirit of the age, the Christian teachings embedded in contemporary Roman culture; on the other hand, to highlight and emphasize the difference between the Christian teachings and the pagan ideas. This dichotomy is characteristic of his ethical teachings as well: while he emphasizes the importance of the Christian virtues, he does not forget about their philosophical background either. Tertullian demonstrably considered Stoic philosophy as the most acceptable philosophical thinking. Virtues have an important status in the teachings of the stoic body, just as they are a fundamental part of Christian ethics. The question arises whether Tertullian’s views on virtues could have been influenced by his pagan Roman ancestor, M. T. Cicero, who also shared stoic doctrines. This is the question the pr...
M. Tullius Cicero is one of the most prominent figures of ancient rhetoric. His rhetorical speech... more M. Tullius Cicero is one of the most prominent figures of ancient rhetoric. His rhetorical speeches are characterized first and foremost by outspokenness and offensiveness and they do not lack in temper either. Since he also dealt with rhetorical theory, Cicero was fully aware of the fact that not only the uttered words and revealed facts hold significance in a rhetorical speech but also concealment and omissions. The latter rhetorical techniques are used mainly in his
The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so... more The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so) was full of unexpected changes. From the tragic Battle of Mohács, fought against the Ottoman invasion (1526), until the Diploma Leopoldinum, which integrated the Principality in the huge Habsburg Empire, events like the rise of Lutheran, Calvinian or Unitarian reforms, the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation – despite the Edict of Torda in 1568, which declared religious tolerance and freedom of conscience – brought forth more disagreements. In the 1670s a new population coming from Moldova appeared in the Principality: the Armenians. The history of the establishment of this population was mentioned by the Catholic priest István Lakatos in his work Siculia (1702). Through the analysis of this work, we search for answers to the question regarding the relatively short integration period of this ethnic group.
Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scien... more Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scientific historiography, it does not mean that the famous mediaeval origin theories of the Hungarian nation disappeared On the contrary, they continued to influence the historical thinking for many centuries The well-known legendary and biblical theories get a new possible interpretation The Protestant priest converted to Catholicism Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris (1648–1718), using his distinguished education (he had learned and researched in Utrecht, Franeker, Oxford, and Rome), attempted to extend the scope of these theories with a new character: the famous Prometheus from Greek mythology The aim of our paper is to present a critical analysis of Otrokcsi’s theory and of the sources he used in his work entitled Origines Hungaricae… (1693)
Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scien... more Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scientific historiography, it does not mean that the famous mediaeval origin theories of the Hungarian nation disappeared On the contrary, they continued to influence the historical thinking for many centuries The well-known legendary and biblical theories get a new possible interpretation The Protestant priest converted to Catholicism Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris (1648-1718), using his distinguished education (he had learned and researched in Utrecht, Franeker, Oxford, and Rome), attempted to extend the scope of these theories with a new character: the famous Prometheus from Greek mythology The aim of our paper is to present a critical analysis of Otrokcsi's theory and of the sources he used in his work entitled Origines Hungaricae… (1693)
A dolgozat Tertullianus Adversus Iudaeosát mint egységes irodalmi alkotást elemzi. A kutatást köz... more A dolgozat Tertullianus Adversus Iudaeosát mint egységes irodalmi alkotást elemzi. A kutatást központjában maga a mű szerepel, amelyet történelmi, kultúrtörténeti, irodalmi és retorikai szempontból elemez.The dissertion studies Tertullians Adversus Iudaeos like a uniform literary creation. In the center of research is this work, and it is analyzed from historical, cultural, literary, rhetorical and typological point of view.N
Works concerning the history of the Hungarian Reform had been almost absent until the second half... more Works concerning the history of the Hungarian Reform had been almost absent until the second half of the seventeenth century. The relatively peaceful process of the Hungarian Reform, the lack of armed conflicts, and the tragic memory of the battle of Mohács made the appearance of self-justifying religious narratives in Hungarian historiography seem unnecessary. On the other hand, the changes caused by the Tridentine Catholic renewal movement and the deterioration of the religious and political condition of the Protestant confession culminated in punishing actions. This brought the polemical and self-justifying narratives to the forefront in both literature and historiography. First signs of interest regarding the history of Protestantism appeared on the Catholic side, but they emerged under the pressure of the circumstances. On the other hand, a growing foreign interest gradually appeared on the Protestant side, making way to historiographical works. An example of such an opus is th...
The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so... more The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so) was full of unexpected changes. From the tragic Battle of Mohács, fought against the Ottoman invasion (1526), until the Diploma Leopoldinum, which integrated the Principality in the huge Habsburg Empire, events like the rise of Lutheran, Calvinian or Unitarian reforms, the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation – despite the Edict of Torda in 1568, which declared religious tolerance and freedom of conscience – brought forth more disagreements. In the 1670s a new population coming from Moldova appeared in the Principality: the Armenians. The history of the establishment of this population was mentioned by the Catholic priest István Lakatos in his work Siculia (1702). Through the analysis of this work, we search for answers to the question regarding the relatively short integration period of this ethnic group.
Travelling was not less popular in ancient times than nowadays. People would set out for distant ... more Travelling was not less popular in ancient times than nowadays. People would set out for distant lands with various purposes: to trade, to do business, to gain information, to further develop science, to fight a battle, to visit sacred sites, and last but not least, they travelled with political-administrative purposes. Those who returned from these voyages often shared their exotic experiences; sometimes they even put them down on paper (like Herodotus, Pausanias, Caesar, etc.]. When somebody’s journey or delegation had not been very successful, they could still cosmeticize the story when telling it in the City, in case there had not been any witnesses to tell otherwise. On the other hand, such cases could easily be exploited by the prosecutor in critical situations such as a trial: Cicero used this exact method in his attack against Piso.
Q. S. F. Tertullian was one of the most prominent writers and apologists of the early Christian C... more Q. S. F. Tertullian was one of the most prominent writers and apologists of the early Christian Church. He had two important goals with his works: on the one hand, to introduce, according to the spirit of the age, the Christian teachings embedded in contemporary Roman culture; on the other hand, to highlight and emphasize the difference between the Christian teachings and the pagan ideas. This dichotomy is characteristic of his ethical teachings as well: while he emphasizes the importance of the Christian virtues, he does not forget about their philosophical background either. Tertullian demonstrably considered Stoic philosophy as the most acceptable philosophical thinking. Virtues have an important status in the teachings of the stoic body, just as they are a fundamental part of Christian ethics. The question arises whether Tertullian’s views on virtues could have been influenced by his pagan Roman ancestor, M. T. Cicero, who also shared stoic doctrines. This is the question the pr...
M. Tullius Cicero is one of the most prominent figures of ancient rhetoric. His rhetorical speech... more M. Tullius Cicero is one of the most prominent figures of ancient rhetoric. His rhetorical speeches are characterized first and foremost by outspokenness and offensiveness and they do not lack in temper either. Since he also dealt with rhetorical theory, Cicero was fully aware of the fact that not only the uttered words and revealed facts hold significance in a rhetorical speech but also concealment and omissions. The latter rhetorical techniques are used mainly in his
The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so... more The relatively short history of the Transylvanian Principality (one hundred and fifty years or so) was full of unexpected changes. From the tragic Battle of Mohács, fought against the Ottoman invasion (1526), until the Diploma Leopoldinum, which integrated the Principality in the huge Habsburg Empire, events like the rise of Lutheran, Calvinian or Unitarian reforms, the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation – despite the Edict of Torda in 1568, which declared religious tolerance and freedom of conscience – brought forth more disagreements. In the 1670s a new population coming from Moldova appeared in the Principality: the Armenians. The history of the establishment of this population was mentioned by the Catholic priest István Lakatos in his work Siculia (1702). Through the analysis of this work, we search for answers to the question regarding the relatively short integration period of this ethnic group.
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