It is hypothesized that social networks facilitate transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). W... more It is hypothesized that social networks facilitate transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We tested for association between HCV phylogeny and reported injecting relationships using longitudinal data from a social network design study. People who inject drugs were recruited from street drug markets in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews and blood tests took place three monthly (during 2005–2008), with participants asked to nominate up to five injecting partners at each interview. The HCV core region of individual isolates was then sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Genetic clusters were identified using bootstrapping (cut-off: 70%). An adjusted Jaccard similarity coefficient was used to measure the association between the reported injecting relationships and relationships defined by clustering in the phylogenetic analysis (statistical significance assessed using the quadratic assignment procedure). 402 participants consented to participate; 244 HCV infections were ...
BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant mor... more BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in pregnant women. There are four major genotypes which can cause disease in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 are usually associated with outbreaks and spread via facal/oral route or contaminated water. Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and usually associated with handling of pigs or consumption of contaminated pork. The strains circulating in Australia have never been characterized.Rationale/AimsThe aims for this project are to identify the HEV genotypes found in Australia and link them to possible sources of transmission by phylogenetic analysis.Materials and MethodsBetween 2015 and 2020, 91 HEV isolates were sequenced and genotyped using an in-house PCR. Sixty-six of these were also sequenced by using the international HEVnet primers. Genotypes were determined using the BLASTn program. Relatedness to other strains in Australia was determined by phylogenetic an...
To analyse the immune correlates in a setting of recurrent exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), w... more To analyse the immune correlates in a setting of recurrent exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), we studied T CD8 responses in injecting drug users (IDUs) with different disease outcomes. Ex vivo HCV-specific T CD8 responses assessed by interferon-γ (IFN γ ...
... James J. Giovannoni Erick N. Noensie Diane M. Ruezinsky. ... Fruit from both mutants fails ... more ... James J. Giovannoni Erick N. Noensie Diane M. Ruezinsky. ... Fruit from both mutants fails to synthesize climacteric ethylene or accumulate the red carotenoid lycopene, characteristic of ripe tomatoes, in addition to being deficient in softening and remaining resistant to microbial ...
BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and i... more BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is highly prevalent among injecting drug users (IDUs). Whether initial HCV infection and clearance provides protection from reinfection has not been established, but is an important question for vaccine development.
It is hypothesized that social networks facilitate transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). W... more It is hypothesized that social networks facilitate transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We tested for association between HCV phylogeny and reported injecting relationships using longitudinal data from a social network design study. People who inject drugs were recruited from street drug markets in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews and blood tests took place three monthly (during 2005–2008), with participants asked to nominate up to five injecting partners at each interview. The HCV core region of individual isolates was then sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Genetic clusters were identified using bootstrapping (cut-off: 70%). An adjusted Jaccard similarity coefficient was used to measure the association between the reported injecting relationships and relationships defined by clustering in the phylogenetic analysis (statistical significance assessed using the quadratic assignment procedure). 402 participants consented to participate; 244 HCV infections were ...
BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant mor... more BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in pregnant women. There are four major genotypes which can cause disease in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 are usually associated with outbreaks and spread via facal/oral route or contaminated water. Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and usually associated with handling of pigs or consumption of contaminated pork. The strains circulating in Australia have never been characterized.Rationale/AimsThe aims for this project are to identify the HEV genotypes found in Australia and link them to possible sources of transmission by phylogenetic analysis.Materials and MethodsBetween 2015 and 2020, 91 HEV isolates were sequenced and genotyped using an in-house PCR. Sixty-six of these were also sequenced by using the international HEVnet primers. Genotypes were determined using the BLASTn program. Relatedness to other strains in Australia was determined by phylogenetic an...
To analyse the immune correlates in a setting of recurrent exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), w... more To analyse the immune correlates in a setting of recurrent exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), we studied T CD8 responses in injecting drug users (IDUs) with different disease outcomes. Ex vivo HCV-specific T CD8 responses assessed by interferon-γ (IFN γ ...
... James J. Giovannoni Erick N. Noensie Diane M. Ruezinsky. ... Fruit from both mutants fails ... more ... James J. Giovannoni Erick N. Noensie Diane M. Ruezinsky. ... Fruit from both mutants fails to synthesize climacteric ethylene or accumulate the red carotenoid lycopene, characteristic of ripe tomatoes, in addition to being deficient in softening and remaining resistant to microbial ...
BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and i... more BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is highly prevalent among injecting drug users (IDUs). Whether initial HCV infection and clearance provides protection from reinfection has not been established, but is an important question for vaccine development.
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