In the context of increasing need for long-term care, the reconciliation of employment and caring... more In the context of increasing need for long-term care, the reconciliation of employment and caring is an important social issue. In England, the annual public expenditure costs of unpaid carers leaving employment are approximately £2.9 billion. Previous research shows that provision of paid services to people cared for by working carers, sometimes known as ‘replacement care’, is effective in helping unpaid carers to remain in employment. This study makes an estimate of the public expenditure costs of ‘replacement care’ for working carers in England. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and 2015–16 costs data, the study finds that the public expenditure costs of ‘replacement care’ for working carers are approximately £2.5 billion a year, which is considerably lower than the costs of carers leaving employment. The study concludes that greater public investment in ‘replacement care’ to support working carers in England would represent good value for money.
Reconciliation of unpaid care and employment is an increasingly important societal, economic and ... more Reconciliation of unpaid care and employment is an increasingly important societal, economic and policy issue, both in the UK and internationally. Previous research shows the effectiveness of formal social care services in enabling carers to remain in employment. Using quantitative and qualitative data collected from carers and the person they care for in 2013 and 2015, during a period of cuts to adult social care in England, we explore barriers experienced to receipt of social care services. The main barriers to receipt of services identified in our study were availability, characteristics of services such as quality, and attitudes of carer and care-recipient to receiving services. These barriers have particular implications for carers' ability to reconcile care and employment.
... DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X04253144 Raphael Wittenberg, Adelina Comas-Herrera, Linda Pickard and R... more ... DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X04253144 Raphael Wittenberg, Adelina Comas-Herrera, Linda Pickard and Ruth Hancock, Future Demand for Long-term Care in the UK: A Summary of Projections of Long-term Care Finance for Older People to 2051, Joseph Rowntree Foundation ...
There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, pa... more There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, particularly care by their children. This article explores past trends in the provision of informal care by children/children-in-law to their older parents/parents-in-law between 1985 and 1995 in Great Britain, using successive General Household Survey data. The article suggests that, during this period, there was a decline in co-resident intergenerational care and that this was associated with a decline in highly intensive intergenerational care. The article explores possible factors underlying these trends, in particular, demographic changes and changes in patterns of formal care for older people.
The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported ... more The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported mainly by the Department of Health, and focusing particularly on policy research and analysis of equity and efficiency in community care, long-term care and related areas — including services for elderly people, people with mental health problems and children in care. Views expressed in PSSRU publications do not necessarily reflect those of funding organisations. The PSSRU was established at the University of Kent at Canterbury in 1974, and from 1996 it has operated from three branches: University of Kent at Canterbury, Cornwallis Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE University of Manchester, Dover Street Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL The PSSRU Bul le tin and pub li ca tion lists are avail able free from the librar ian at the PSSRU in Can ter bury (01227 827773; email pssru_library@kent.ac.uk) and on the PSSRU webs...
This report presents results of projections of use and supply of long-term care for older persons... more This report presents results of projections of use and supply of long-term care for older persons in four countries representative of different long-term care systems: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Poland. Using a standardised methodology, the projections show that between 2010 and 2060, the numbers of users of residential care, formal home care and informal care are projected to increase in all countries, but at different rates. The results also indicate that if current patterns of care use and supply prevail, supply of informal and formal care is likely to fall behind demand. Measures to increase LTC capacity will be needed in all countries; the key policy implications of these findings are discussed in Policy Brief No. 12 in this series. ENEPRI Research Reports present the findings and conclusions of research undertaken in the context of research projects carried out by a consortium of ENEPRI member institutes. This report is a contribution to Work Package 6 of the ANCIEN p...
Most countries, including the United Kingdom, are facing the challenge of meeting the needs of in... more Most countries, including the United Kingdom, are facing the challenge of meeting the needs of increasing numbers of older people who require care and support. The development of policy and practice on care for this group requires good evidence on patterns of need for help, the extent to which formal services and unpaid care from family and friends meet that need, and the costs of care and how these costs are met by the state, the service user and their family. Household surveys and evaluations of specific forms of care are important sources of such evidence.
The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported ... more The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported mainly by the Department of Health, and focusing particularly on policy research and analysis of equity and efficiency in community care, long-term care and related areas — including services for elderly people, people with mental health problems and children in care. Views expressed in PSSRU publications do not necessarily reflect those of funding organisations. The PSSRU was established at the University of Kent at Canterbury in 1974, and from 1996 it has operated from three branches:
There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, pa... more There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, particularly care by their children. This article explores past trends in the provision of informal care by children/children-in-law to their older parents/parents-in-law between 1985 and 1995 in Great Britain, using successive General Household Survey data. The article suggests that, during this period, there was a decline in co-resident intergenerational care and that this was associated with a decline in highly intensive intergenerational care. The article explores possible factors underlying these trends, in particular, demographic changes and changes in patterns of formal care for older people.
This paper presents projections of demand for social care and disability benefits for older peopl... more This paper presents projections of demand for social care and disability benefits for older people (aged 65 and over) in England to 2041 and associated future expenditure. The projections were produced using an updated and expanded version of the Personal Social Services Research Unit’s (PSSRU) long-term care projections model. The version of the model used here has a base year of 2005 and incorporates the 2006-based official population projections. This set of projections was commissioned jointly by the Department of Health (DH) and the Strategy Unit (Cabinet Office) (SU). The projections presented in this paper are an updated version of those discussed in Wittenberg et al (2006). They cover publicly and privately funded social care –assessments, community-based services and residential care. They also cover disability benefits relevant for care – attendance allowance (AA) and disability living allowance (DLA) care component. They do not cover supported housing because of lack of s...
In the context of increasing need for long-term care, the reconciliation of employment and caring... more In the context of increasing need for long-term care, the reconciliation of employment and caring is an important social issue. In England, the annual public expenditure costs of unpaid carers leaving employment are approximately £2.9 billion. Previous research shows that provision of paid services to people cared for by working carers, sometimes known as ‘replacement care’, is effective in helping unpaid carers to remain in employment. This study makes an estimate of the public expenditure costs of ‘replacement care’ for working carers in England. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and 2015–16 costs data, the study finds that the public expenditure costs of ‘replacement care’ for working carers are approximately £2.5 billion a year, which is considerably lower than the costs of carers leaving employment. The study concludes that greater public investment in ‘replacement care’ to support working carers in England would represent good value for money.
Reconciliation of unpaid care and employment is an increasingly important societal, economic and ... more Reconciliation of unpaid care and employment is an increasingly important societal, economic and policy issue, both in the UK and internationally. Previous research shows the effectiveness of formal social care services in enabling carers to remain in employment. Using quantitative and qualitative data collected from carers and the person they care for in 2013 and 2015, during a period of cuts to adult social care in England, we explore barriers experienced to receipt of social care services. The main barriers to receipt of services identified in our study were availability, characteristics of services such as quality, and attitudes of carer and care-recipient to receiving services. These barriers have particular implications for carers' ability to reconcile care and employment.
... DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X04253144 Raphael Wittenberg, Adelina Comas-Herrera, Linda Pickard and R... more ... DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X04253144 Raphael Wittenberg, Adelina Comas-Herrera, Linda Pickard and Ruth Hancock, Future Demand for Long-term Care in the UK: A Summary of Projections of Long-term Care Finance for Older People to 2051, Joseph Rowntree Foundation ...
There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, pa... more There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, particularly care by their children. This article explores past trends in the provision of informal care by children/children-in-law to their older parents/parents-in-law between 1985 and 1995 in Great Britain, using successive General Household Survey data. The article suggests that, during this period, there was a decline in co-resident intergenerational care and that this was associated with a decline in highly intensive intergenerational care. The article explores possible factors underlying these trends, in particular, demographic changes and changes in patterns of formal care for older people.
The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported ... more The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported mainly by the Department of Health, and focusing particularly on policy research and analysis of equity and efficiency in community care, long-term care and related areas — including services for elderly people, people with mental health problems and children in care. Views expressed in PSSRU publications do not necessarily reflect those of funding organisations. The PSSRU was established at the University of Kent at Canterbury in 1974, and from 1996 it has operated from three branches: University of Kent at Canterbury, Cornwallis Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE University of Manchester, Dover Street Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL The PSSRU Bul le tin and pub li ca tion lists are avail able free from the librar ian at the PSSRU in Can ter bury (01227 827773; email pssru_library@kent.ac.uk) and on the PSSRU webs...
This report presents results of projections of use and supply of long-term care for older persons... more This report presents results of projections of use and supply of long-term care for older persons in four countries representative of different long-term care systems: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Poland. Using a standardised methodology, the projections show that between 2010 and 2060, the numbers of users of residential care, formal home care and informal care are projected to increase in all countries, but at different rates. The results also indicate that if current patterns of care use and supply prevail, supply of informal and formal care is likely to fall behind demand. Measures to increase LTC capacity will be needed in all countries; the key policy implications of these findings are discussed in Policy Brief No. 12 in this series. ENEPRI Research Reports present the findings and conclusions of research undertaken in the context of research projects carried out by a consortium of ENEPRI member institutes. This report is a contribution to Work Package 6 of the ANCIEN p...
Most countries, including the United Kingdom, are facing the challenge of meeting the needs of in... more Most countries, including the United Kingdom, are facing the challenge of meeting the needs of increasing numbers of older people who require care and support. The development of policy and practice on care for this group requires good evidence on patterns of need for help, the extent to which formal services and unpaid care from family and friends meet that need, and the costs of care and how these costs are met by the state, the service user and their family. Household surveys and evaluations of specific forms of care are important sources of such evidence.
The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported ... more The PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES RESEARCH UNIT undertakes social and health care research, supported mainly by the Department of Health, and focusing particularly on policy research and analysis of equity and efficiency in community care, long-term care and related areas — including services for elderly people, people with mental health problems and children in care. Views expressed in PSSRU publications do not necessarily reflect those of funding organisations. The PSSRU was established at the University of Kent at Canterbury in 1974, and from 1996 it has operated from three branches:
There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, pa... more There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, particularly care by their children. This article explores past trends in the provision of informal care by children/children-in-law to their older parents/parents-in-law between 1985 and 1995 in Great Britain, using successive General Household Survey data. The article suggests that, during this period, there was a decline in co-resident intergenerational care and that this was associated with a decline in highly intensive intergenerational care. The article explores possible factors underlying these trends, in particular, demographic changes and changes in patterns of formal care for older people.
This paper presents projections of demand for social care and disability benefits for older peopl... more This paper presents projections of demand for social care and disability benefits for older people (aged 65 and over) in England to 2041 and associated future expenditure. The projections were produced using an updated and expanded version of the Personal Social Services Research Unit’s (PSSRU) long-term care projections model. The version of the model used here has a base year of 2005 and incorporates the 2006-based official population projections. This set of projections was commissioned jointly by the Department of Health (DH) and the Strategy Unit (Cabinet Office) (SU). The projections presented in this paper are an updated version of those discussed in Wittenberg et al (2006). They cover publicly and privately funded social care –assessments, community-based services and residential care. They also cover disability benefits relevant for care – attendance allowance (AA) and disability living allowance (DLA) care component. They do not cover supported housing because of lack of s...
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