Fibropapilloma of the penis is seen commonly in young bulls. The vast majority are found surround... more Fibropapilloma of the penis is seen commonly in young bulls. The vast majority are found surrounding the tip of the glans penis (Fig. 1). Basal attachment is quite narrow but on initial examination will not give this picture due to the growth of the tumor and the tight containment of the proliferating mass which causes it to surround the penis, giving an illusion of extensive attachment.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and sho... more The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and short-term supplementation with high levels of energy and protein sources on the reproductive performance of 180 does consisting of 90 Spanish and 90 Spanish x Boer (60 ½ Boer = F1-cross; and 30 ¾ Boer = F2-cross) genotypes. Each of the 3 genotypes was equally distributed to treatments of 2 body condition groups (BCG, low and high) and 3 flushing treatments consisting of no supplementation (control), supplementation with protein mixture (PM) alone and PM + ground corn (PE) in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The flushing period lasted 11 days, after which does were exposed to sexually active Boer bucks for 42 days. The results indicated that although not significant, flushing with PM and PE diets numerically increased the body weight and body condition score of all genotypes in high BCG. In low BCG, flushing with PM and PE diets significantly (p<0.05) increased the body w...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1992
During the fall of 1982, increased incidence of left displaced abomasum (LDA) was seen in a group... more During the fall of 1982, increased incidence of left displaced abomasum (LDA) was seen in a group of cows fed a complete pelleted ration (3/16 inch) at the university's dairy center during the early postpartum period. Of these, 17.4% developed LDA when fed this experimental ration, whereas only 1.6% of the remaining cows in the herd developed LDA. The latter cows (as a control) were fed loose alfalfa hay, sorghum silage, and an 18% crude protein mix. Most of the fiber in the experimental diet or pelleted diet was alfalfa hay (30% as-fed basis) that was ground through a quarter-inch screen for incorporation into the pellet. Another 10% of the dietary fiber was contributed by cottonseed hulls. Thus, increased incidence of LDA may be associated with short length of the dietary fiber in the pelleted form.
Internal parasitism has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in m... more Internal parasitism has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in many areas such as the southcentral USA. Among the different approaches and management practices to cope with internal parasitism, genetic selection for internal parasite resistance is recognized as one with considerable potential long-term impact. A central performance test with artificial infection of Haemonchus contortus for selection of growing meat goats and hair sheep for breeding to increase resistance to internal parasitism and on-farm selection of females was conducted for 3 years. The results varied considerably among breeds of goats and flocks of sheep. Spanish goats and St. Croix sheep maintained relatively low fecal egg count (FEC) each year, whereas for goats categorized as being of high resistance and Dorper sheep FEC decreased with advancing year. Packed call volume (PCV) and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were not strongly related to FEC. Genetic parameters varied...
The objective of the study was to determine effects of the nutritional plane before breeding on p... more The objective of the study was to determine effects of the nutritional plane before breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds. Twenty-five Dorper, 27 Katahdin, and 32 St. Croix ewes with initial BW of 65.6, 65.7, and 54.3 kg (SEM=1.95) and body condition score (BCS; 1–5) of 3.35, 3.29, and 3.09, respectively, consumed wheat straw ad libitum for 11 wk before breeding. Ewes of each breed were divided into four groups, with two groups per nutritional plane (NP). Ewes on a low NP (Low-NP) were supplemented with 0.16% BW (DM) of soybean meal (SBM) and ewes on the high NP (High-NP) received 0.8% BW (DM basis) of 0.25% soybean meal and 0.75% ground corn. Ewes were divided into two groups for estrus synchronization. Four rams of each breed were used, two for the first 17 d of breeding and the other two from d 17 to 34. Conception and embryo mortality were determined by ultrasound imaging at 25 and approximately 40 d post-breeding. Average daily gain and BCS change were similar ...
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2016
Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners of theriogenology to be the best... more Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners of theriogenology to be the best method to manage infertility-causing conditions or diseases of the bull. Injury or diseases of the reproductive tract may cause abnormalities that may result in substantial losses to the producers of beef and dairy cattle. The most cost-effective method of dealing with reproductive conditions or diseases of the bull is culling and replacement. Some injuries, diseases, or conditions are amenable to surgical management. Surgical management may preserve the genetic potential of the bull and economic productivity. The surgical procedures described are commonly used methods to restore fertility in bulls.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2016
Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners/clinicians of theriogenology to ... more Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners/clinicians of theriogenology to be the most beneficial reproductive management that can be performed to treat conditions of cows that may affect fertility. Conditions affecting the reproductive tract can cause pathologic changes that may result in substantial economic and genetic losses to beef and dairy producers. Some injuries and diseases are amenable to surgical treatment. Surgical restoration of fertility preserves genetic potential and economic productivity. The surgical procedures described in this article are some of the most commonly used to restore fertility in cows with injury or diseases affecting their reproductive tracts.
Multiparous Alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage lev... more Multiparous Alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage level affect body composition. The feeding and body composition portion of the study had a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Eighteen does were fed a 40% forage diet (40F) and 18 received a diet with 60% forage (60F) for approximately 2, 4, or 6 mo of lactation (59 +/- 1.3, 116 +/- 1.0, and 184 +/- 1.4 d, respectively), followed by determination of body composition (6 does per diet at each time of slaughter). Does were assigned sequentially to treatments as kidding occurred. The 60F diet had 20% more dehydrated alfalfa pellets than the 40F diet, with higher levels of corn and soybean meal and inclusion of supplemental fat in the 40F diet. Initial body composition measures were made with 6 other does a few days after kidding (0 mo; 4 +/- 0.6 d). Before parturition, does were fed a 50% concentrate diet free choice. Intake of dry matter was greater for 60F than for 40F, average daily ...
Boer goat (BG), Spanish goat (SG), and Rambouillet sheep (RS) wethers, ≥2yr of age, were used in ... more Boer goat (BG), Spanish goat (SG), and Rambouillet sheep (RS) wethers, ≥2yr of age, were used in a crossover experiment with 28-day periods. Diets were ad libitum consumption of wheat straw alone (CON) or with a 90% soybean meal, 10% molasses supplement given at 0.22% BW (SBM). Initial BW was 35, 55, and 32kg for BG, RS, and SG, respectively. NDF digestibility was similar among animal types and between diets. BW change tended to be lowest for RS (−92, −158, and −107g/day for BG, RS, and SG, respectively; SE=22.6). ME intake was similar among animal types (244, 230, and 259kJ/kg BW0.75 for BG, RS, and SG, respectively; SE=16.6) and greater (P&lt;0.05) for SBM vs. CON (320 vs. 168kJ/kg BW0.75). Total energy expenditure (EE) was greater (P&lt;0.05) for RS than for BG (362, 415, and 402kJ/kg BW0.75 for BG, RS, and SG, respectively) and for SBM vs. CON (413 vs. 374kJ/kg BW0.75). EE by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) (1.34, 1.33, and 1.17MJ/day; SE=0.122) and liver (1.48, 1.44, and 1.32MJ/day; SE=0.133) was similar among animal types. Liver EE was greater (P&lt;0.05) for SBM vs. CON (1.60 vs. 1.22MJ/day), but PDV EE was similar between diets. Net fluxes of ammonia N (AMN) and urea N (UN) across the PDV (AMN: 3.4, 2.4, and 3.2g/day (SE=0.69); UN: −5.2, −3.3, and −4.6g/day (SE=1.19)) and liver (AMN: −3.6, −3.2, and −4.3g/day (SE=0.78); UN: 7.6, 4.8, and 4.2g/day for BG, RS, and SG, respectively (SE=1.17)) were similar among animal types. In conclusion, the magnitude of any difference in N recycling among animal types was less than necessary to affect fiber digestibility. Nonetheless, some findings suggest a lesser ability of sheep to modify metabolic functions to cope with limited nutritional planes elicited by feeding crop residue-based diets, perhaps relating to metabolism by extra-splanchnic tissues.
Eight yearling Boer×Spanish wether goats (36.6±2.3kg average initial BW) with ruminal and duodena... more Eight yearling Boer×Spanish wether goats (36.6±2.3kg average initial BW) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in an experiment with two simultaneous 4×4 Latin squares to study effects of dietary level of CP, the ratio of ruminally degraded intake N or protein (DIP) to TDN and source of supplemental DIP on site of digestion with a high concentrate diet. Diets
Fibropapilloma of the penis is seen commonly in young bulls. The vast majority are found surround... more Fibropapilloma of the penis is seen commonly in young bulls. The vast majority are found surrounding the tip of the glans penis (Fig. 1). Basal attachment is quite narrow but on initial examination will not give this picture due to the growth of the tumor and the tight containment of the proliferating mass which causes it to surround the penis, giving an illusion of extensive attachment.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and sho... more The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and short-term supplementation with high levels of energy and protein sources on the reproductive performance of 180 does consisting of 90 Spanish and 90 Spanish x Boer (60 ½ Boer = F1-cross; and 30 ¾ Boer = F2-cross) genotypes. Each of the 3 genotypes was equally distributed to treatments of 2 body condition groups (BCG, low and high) and 3 flushing treatments consisting of no supplementation (control), supplementation with protein mixture (PM) alone and PM + ground corn (PE) in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The flushing period lasted 11 days, after which does were exposed to sexually active Boer bucks for 42 days. The results indicated that although not significant, flushing with PM and PE diets numerically increased the body weight and body condition score of all genotypes in high BCG. In low BCG, flushing with PM and PE diets significantly (p<0.05) increased the body w...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1992
During the fall of 1982, increased incidence of left displaced abomasum (LDA) was seen in a group... more During the fall of 1982, increased incidence of left displaced abomasum (LDA) was seen in a group of cows fed a complete pelleted ration (3/16 inch) at the university's dairy center during the early postpartum period. Of these, 17.4% developed LDA when fed this experimental ration, whereas only 1.6% of the remaining cows in the herd developed LDA. The latter cows (as a control) were fed loose alfalfa hay, sorghum silage, and an 18% crude protein mix. Most of the fiber in the experimental diet or pelleted diet was alfalfa hay (30% as-fed basis) that was ground through a quarter-inch screen for incorporation into the pellet. Another 10% of the dietary fiber was contributed by cottonseed hulls. Thus, increased incidence of LDA may be associated with short length of the dietary fiber in the pelleted form.
Internal parasitism has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in m... more Internal parasitism has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in many areas such as the southcentral USA. Among the different approaches and management practices to cope with internal parasitism, genetic selection for internal parasite resistance is recognized as one with considerable potential long-term impact. A central performance test with artificial infection of Haemonchus contortus for selection of growing meat goats and hair sheep for breeding to increase resistance to internal parasitism and on-farm selection of females was conducted for 3 years. The results varied considerably among breeds of goats and flocks of sheep. Spanish goats and St. Croix sheep maintained relatively low fecal egg count (FEC) each year, whereas for goats categorized as being of high resistance and Dorper sheep FEC decreased with advancing year. Packed call volume (PCV) and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were not strongly related to FEC. Genetic parameters varied...
The objective of the study was to determine effects of the nutritional plane before breeding on p... more The objective of the study was to determine effects of the nutritional plane before breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds. Twenty-five Dorper, 27 Katahdin, and 32 St. Croix ewes with initial BW of 65.6, 65.7, and 54.3 kg (SEM=1.95) and body condition score (BCS; 1–5) of 3.35, 3.29, and 3.09, respectively, consumed wheat straw ad libitum for 11 wk before breeding. Ewes of each breed were divided into four groups, with two groups per nutritional plane (NP). Ewes on a low NP (Low-NP) were supplemented with 0.16% BW (DM) of soybean meal (SBM) and ewes on the high NP (High-NP) received 0.8% BW (DM basis) of 0.25% soybean meal and 0.75% ground corn. Ewes were divided into two groups for estrus synchronization. Four rams of each breed were used, two for the first 17 d of breeding and the other two from d 17 to 34. Conception and embryo mortality were determined by ultrasound imaging at 25 and approximately 40 d post-breeding. Average daily gain and BCS change were similar ...
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2016
Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners of theriogenology to be the best... more Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners of theriogenology to be the best method to manage infertility-causing conditions or diseases of the bull. Injury or diseases of the reproductive tract may cause abnormalities that may result in substantial losses to the producers of beef and dairy cattle. The most cost-effective method of dealing with reproductive conditions or diseases of the bull is culling and replacement. Some injuries, diseases, or conditions are amenable to surgical management. Surgical management may preserve the genetic potential of the bull and economic productivity. The surgical procedures described are commonly used methods to restore fertility in bulls.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 2016
Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners/clinicians of theriogenology to ... more Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners/clinicians of theriogenology to be the most beneficial reproductive management that can be performed to treat conditions of cows that may affect fertility. Conditions affecting the reproductive tract can cause pathologic changes that may result in substantial economic and genetic losses to beef and dairy producers. Some injuries and diseases are amenable to surgical treatment. Surgical restoration of fertility preserves genetic potential and economic productivity. The surgical procedures described in this article are some of the most commonly used to restore fertility in cows with injury or diseases affecting their reproductive tracts.
Multiparous Alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage lev... more Multiparous Alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage level affect body composition. The feeding and body composition portion of the study had a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Eighteen does were fed a 40% forage diet (40F) and 18 received a diet with 60% forage (60F) for approximately 2, 4, or 6 mo of lactation (59 +/- 1.3, 116 +/- 1.0, and 184 +/- 1.4 d, respectively), followed by determination of body composition (6 does per diet at each time of slaughter). Does were assigned sequentially to treatments as kidding occurred. The 60F diet had 20% more dehydrated alfalfa pellets than the 40F diet, with higher levels of corn and soybean meal and inclusion of supplemental fat in the 40F diet. Initial body composition measures were made with 6 other does a few days after kidding (0 mo; 4 +/- 0.6 d). Before parturition, does were fed a 50% concentrate diet free choice. Intake of dry matter was greater for 60F than for 40F, average daily ...
Boer goat (BG), Spanish goat (SG), and Rambouillet sheep (RS) wethers, ≥2yr of age, were used in ... more Boer goat (BG), Spanish goat (SG), and Rambouillet sheep (RS) wethers, ≥2yr of age, were used in a crossover experiment with 28-day periods. Diets were ad libitum consumption of wheat straw alone (CON) or with a 90% soybean meal, 10% molasses supplement given at 0.22% BW (SBM). Initial BW was 35, 55, and 32kg for BG, RS, and SG, respectively. NDF digestibility was similar among animal types and between diets. BW change tended to be lowest for RS (−92, −158, and −107g/day for BG, RS, and SG, respectively; SE=22.6). ME intake was similar among animal types (244, 230, and 259kJ/kg BW0.75 for BG, RS, and SG, respectively; SE=16.6) and greater (P&lt;0.05) for SBM vs. CON (320 vs. 168kJ/kg BW0.75). Total energy expenditure (EE) was greater (P&lt;0.05) for RS than for BG (362, 415, and 402kJ/kg BW0.75 for BG, RS, and SG, respectively) and for SBM vs. CON (413 vs. 374kJ/kg BW0.75). EE by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) (1.34, 1.33, and 1.17MJ/day; SE=0.122) and liver (1.48, 1.44, and 1.32MJ/day; SE=0.133) was similar among animal types. Liver EE was greater (P&lt;0.05) for SBM vs. CON (1.60 vs. 1.22MJ/day), but PDV EE was similar between diets. Net fluxes of ammonia N (AMN) and urea N (UN) across the PDV (AMN: 3.4, 2.4, and 3.2g/day (SE=0.69); UN: −5.2, −3.3, and −4.6g/day (SE=1.19)) and liver (AMN: −3.6, −3.2, and −4.3g/day (SE=0.78); UN: 7.6, 4.8, and 4.2g/day for BG, RS, and SG, respectively (SE=1.17)) were similar among animal types. In conclusion, the magnitude of any difference in N recycling among animal types was less than necessary to affect fiber digestibility. Nonetheless, some findings suggest a lesser ability of sheep to modify metabolic functions to cope with limited nutritional planes elicited by feeding crop residue-based diets, perhaps relating to metabolism by extra-splanchnic tissues.
Eight yearling Boer×Spanish wether goats (36.6±2.3kg average initial BW) with ruminal and duodena... more Eight yearling Boer×Spanish wether goats (36.6±2.3kg average initial BW) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in an experiment with two simultaneous 4×4 Latin squares to study effects of dietary level of CP, the ratio of ruminally degraded intake N or protein (DIP) to TDN and source of supplemental DIP on site of digestion with a high concentrate diet. Diets
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