Catalases are some of the most efficient enzymes known, disproportionating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen at rates of around tens of millions of molecules per second. Conventional biochemistry suggests a random... more
Catalases are some of the most efficient enzymes known, disproportionating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen at rates of around tens of millions of molecules per second. Conventional biochemistry suggests a random diffusion-limited mechanism in which H2O2 molecules make their way from the external aqueous milieu, down channels from the enzyme surface, to the active sites where they are disproportionated at an extremely rapid rate.
Background Entelechy (e.g., Hahnemann’s Vital Force, Vf), bears striking similarities to certain properties of quantum systems. Thus, the Vf is only indirectly observable via (centrifugally) expressed symptoms: a quantum property is only... more
Background Entelechy (e.g., Hahnemann’s Vital Force, Vf), bears striking similarities to certain properties of quantum systems. Thus, the Vf is only indirectly observable via (centrifugally) expressed symptoms: a quantum property is only indirectly observable via its experimental effects. Consequently, a quantised Vf ‘gyroscopic’ metaphor is proposed where ‘axial’ rotation (represented by a wavefunction) undergoes dis-ease-induced retardation leading to Vf ‘precession’, i.e., symptom expression. Remedy-induced acceleration of axial rotation results in cure, via centrifugal removal of dis-ease, so precession/symptom expression ceases. The Vf ‘gyroscope’ is considered quantised partly because patients are observed during ‘discreet’ appointments, not continuously. Objective To develop this metaphor further by generating wavefunctions to represent the Vf in various states of dis-ease and health. Method Three wavefunctions are generated from secondary symptoms exhibited by the patient’s ...
Grotthuss-like proton transfer in and between QED-type water coherent domains, could partially explain how catalase might accomplish ultra-fast exo-enzymatic “unzipping” (disproportionation) of aqueous H2O2-containing cytoplasmic... more
Grotthuss-like proton transfer in and between QED-type water coherent domains, could partially explain how catalase might accomplish ultra-fast exo-enzymatic “unzipping” (disproportionation) of aqueous H2O2-containing cytoplasmic networks, to oxygen and water.
ded network of hydrogen-bonded water and H2O2 molecules, stretching out far beyond the enzymes’ active sites, into the cell's internal aqueous medium. As catalases function, they provide coherent oxidative ‘pulses’, which... more
ded network of hydrogen-bonded water and H2O2 molecules, stretching out far beyond the enzymes’ active sites, into the cell's internal aqueous medium. As catalases function, they provide coherent oxidative ‘pulses’, which rapidly spread throughout the H-bonded network, effectively ‘unzipping’ H2O2 molecules as far as they extend from the enzyme. Result/discussion: This 'memory-of-water'-like mechanism predicts catalase H2O2 disproportionation should occur outside the enzyme. An experimental protocol is proposed to test this prediction. If successful, it would suggest a) holistic re-appraisal of the conventional mechanistic framework of enzyme kinetics is required, and b) should encourage more research into understanding the biochemical effects of CAM therapies. Keywords: Holistic biochemistry; catalase enzymes; hydrogen peroxide disproportionation; hydrogen-bonded networks; memory of water.
Research Interests: Chemistry, Evidence Based Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Homeopathy, Nonlinear dynamics, and 15 moreQuantum Theory, Quantum Mechanics, Metaphor, Humans, Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Solitons, Constructive Mathematics, Electronic Structure, Entanglement, Mathematical Model, Non locality, Materia Medica, professional patient relations, Chemical Phenomena, and Molecular orbital theory
Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement postulates non-local triadic interaction between patient (Px), practitioner (Pr) and potentised medicine (Rx), resulting in the patient's journey to cure; the in-depth homeopathic... more
Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement postulates non-local triadic interaction between patient (Px), practitioner (Pr) and potentised medicine (Rx), resulting in the patient's journey to cure; the in-depth homeopathic interview is considered a major contributing factor in this process. Also, by modelling entelechy, a quantised gyroscopic analogue of the Vital Force (Vf) has been developed. To discover whether entanglement notions explain the mode of action of homeopathy during the treatment of epidemic diseases, when the individualising in-depth homeopathic interview is neither possible nor necessary. The current Vf wave equation applies specifically to the in-depth patient/practitioner consultation in chronic dis-ease. A generalised form of the Vf wave equation, an earlier hypothesis based on quantum field theory (QFT) and PPR entanglement were all re-investigated. The generalised Vf wave equation was found applicable in 3 main conditions: acute self-limiting, chronic ...
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A metaphor for homeopathy is developed in which the potentised medicine, the patient, and the practitioner are seen as forming a non-local therapeutically 'entangled' triad, qualitatively described in terms of the... more
A metaphor for homeopathy is developed in which the potentised medicine, the patient, and the practitioner are seen as forming a non-local therapeutically 'entangled' triad, qualitatively described in terms of the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics.
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ABSTRACTThe solid state luminescent properties of new statistical copolymers of 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene and a porphyrin-substituted phenylene vinylene are reported. The photoluminescence, PL, emission... more
ABSTRACTThe solid state luminescent properties of new statistical copolymers of 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene and a porphyrin-substituted phenylene vinylene are reported. The photoluminescence, PL, emission shows an efficient energy transfer to the porphyrin, in spite of the small absorption coefficient of the porphyrin in the wavelength range of the poly [2-methoxy-5-(2'- ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene], MEH-PPV, emission. At a porphyrin content of 0.25%, by weight, the emission is already dominated by the porphyrin. The PL efficiency of these copolymers is significantly reduced from the value of 13% for MEH-PPV down to 3% for the copolymer with 10.84% of porphyrin. Efficient energy transfer is also observed in the emission spectra of light-emitting diodes.
The ancient concept of the Vital Force receives a modern incarnation as a metaphorical multidimensional spinning gyroscope. The consequences for a different understanding of health and disease are examined in the context of integrated... more
The ancient concept of the Vital Force receives a modern incarnation as a metaphorical multidimensional spinning gyroscope. The consequences for a different understanding of health and disease are examined in the context of integrated medicine.
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... Lionel R. Milgrom,*a Jonathan P. Hillaand William D. Flitter& a Molecular Probes Unit, Department of Chemistry, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH ... References 1 (a) L. R. Milgrom, Tetrahedron, 1983,39,3895; (b) TG... more
... Lionel R. Milgrom,*a Jonathan P. Hillaand William D. Flitter& a Molecular Probes Unit, Department of Chemistry, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH ... References 1 (a) L. R. Milgrom, Tetrahedron, 1983,39,3895; (b) TG Traylor, K. B. Nolan, R. Hildreth and T. A. Evans ...
Research Interests: Macrocycle and Oxidation
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Could theoretical links exist between homeopathy and conventional medicine? In homeopathy, disturbance of the self-regulating Vital Force (Vf) results in dis-ease as multileveled symptom expression. Treatment aids the Vf as it attempts to... more
Could theoretical links exist between homeopathy and conventional medicine? In homeopathy, disturbance of the self-regulating Vital Force (Vf) results in dis-ease as multileveled symptom expression. Treatment aids the Vf as it attempts to restore holistic balance. Conventional medicine (allopathy) deterministically considers external agents (viruses, bacteria, etc.) or internal biochemical imbalances as disease causes. Treatment is geared to eradicating causative factors, sometimes at the expense of the homeostatic immune system. A previous mathematical model described the Vf as a quantized gyroscopic "wave function," equating strength of symptom expression to degree of Vf gyroscopic "precession." Diseases and homeopathic remedies were interpreted respectively as braking and accelerating "torques" on Vf "angular momentum." In this paper, approximations applied to the Vf "wave function" could provide insights into why conventional medicine dismisses the action of highly potentized homeopathic remedies. In addition, a simple geometric force diagram provides another mathematical model for allopathic drug action and immune system reaction. The 2 models converge on the same result, delivering conventional biomedicine's conclusion: potentized homeopathic remedies should exert no clinically observable effects. Following the logic of these models, conventional medicine could be seen as a special case of a broader therapeutic paradigm also containing homeopathy.
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Quantum theory's notions of non-locality and entanglement have previously informed attempts to model the therapeutic process. Of these, Weak Quantum Theory (WQT) and Patient-... more
Quantum theory's notions of non-locality and entanglement have previously informed attempts to model the therapeutic process. Of these, Weak Quantum Theory (WQT) and Patient- Practitioner-Remedy (PPR) entanglement are developing into mathematically- based models of homeopathy. The present study attempted to identify fundamental concepts within quantum field theory (QFT) that could be used to broaden the scope of PPR entanglement models, prior to constructing a more rigorous mathematical treatment. In QFT, particles and forces are considered as fully interacting relativistic quantum matter and force fields, respectively. These interactions are visualized graphically as spacetime Feynman diagrams. Further, these interacting field systems can have ground states with broken symmetry; the so-called Higgs field being responsible for this symmetry breaking. In the new model, patient, practitioner and remedy are imagined as fully interacting quantum-like fields; patients and practitioners in terms of quantum matter-type fields, and remedies and diseases as quantum interaction-type fields. Disease manifestation by the Vital Force (Vf) could be an event similar to spontaneous symmetry breaking in QFT: the curative remedy acting to restore the broken symmetry of the Vf field. Entanglement between patient, practitioner, and remedy might be representable as Feynman-like diagrams. QFT demonstrates that quantum properties can be physical without being observable. Thus, an underlying similarity in discourse could exist between homeopathy and quantum theory which could be useful for modelling the homeopathic process. This preliminary investigation also suggested that key elements of previous quantum models of the homeopathic process, may become unified within this new QFT-type approach.
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The Memory of Water, a "local" explanation of homeopathy's efficacy,... more
The Memory of Water, a "local" explanation of homeopathy's efficacy, has been supplemented recently by complementary "nonlocal" hypotheses. One of these envisages "quantum macro-entanglement" among patient, practitioner, and remedy to form a "PPR" entangled state, from which the possibility of cure may manifest. Semiotic analysis affords a geometrical description of this entangled state as a patient-centered chiral tetrahedron. Its four corners depict three different types of symptoms (of the patient, the dis-ease, and the remedial substance) and the potentized remedy. Reflecting this state in a practitioner-derived mirror-like "therapeutic state space" generates two notional patient-centered chiral tetrahedra: cure may be thought to arise from their patient-driven combination "through the looking glass" of the therapeutic state space, into one polyhedron called a stella octangula or stellated octahedron; in essence, a 3-dimensional Star of David. The practitioner helps in forming these notional semiotic polyhedra, but the patient is at their epicenters (i.e., the practitioner facilitates but ultimately does not control the curative process).
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The Memory of Water, a "local" explanation of homeopathy's efficacy,... more
The Memory of Water, a "local" explanation of homeopathy's efficacy, has been supplemented recently by complementary "nonlocal" hypotheses. One of these envisages "quantum macro-entanglement" among patient, practitioner, and remedy to form a "PPR" entangled state, from which the possibility of cure may manifest. Semiotic analysis affords a geometrical description of this entangled state as a patient-centered chiral tetrahedron. Its four corners depict three different types of symptoms (of the patient, the dis-ease, and the remedial substance) and the potentized remedy. Reflecting this state in a practitioner-derived mirror-like "therapeutic state space" generates two notional patient-centered chiral tetrahedra: cure may be thought to arise from their patient-driven combination "through the looking glass" of the therapeutic state space, into one polyhedron called a stella octangula or stellated octahedron; in essence, a 3-dimensional Star of David. The practitioner helps in forming these notional semiotic polyhedra, but the patient is at their epicenters (i.e., the practitioner facilitates but ultimately does not control the curative process).
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Research Interests: Macrocycle and Oxidation
Research Interests: Mathematics, Empiricism, Research Design, Evidence Based Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and 9 moreHomeopathy, Quantum Theory, Metaphor, Humans, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Health Service, Theoretical Models, Rotation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, and professional patient relations
Specific and non-specific effects observed in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are generally treated implicitly as ontologically separate and purely additive. Building on the notions of Heisenberg uncertainty and complementarity from... more
Specific and non-specific effects observed in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are generally treated implicitly as ontologically separate and purely additive. Building on the notions of Heisenberg uncertainty and complementarity from the discourse of quantum theory, and using a simple arithmetic argument, it is demonstrated how this separation enables results of RCTs (particularly of complex interventions) to be treated in a convenient but ultimately incorrect manner. Conclusions drawn from RCTs (that justify--and are justified by--a reductionist approach to therapeutic efficacy) should therefore be open to question.
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Research Interests: Macrocycle and Oxidation
Research Interests: Mathematics, Empiricism, Research Design, Evidence Based Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and 9 moreHomeopathy, Quantum Theory, Metaphor, Humans, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Health Service, Theoretical Models, Rotation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, and professional patient relations
Specific and non-specific effects observed in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are generally treated implicitly as ontologically separate and purely additive. Building on the notions of Heisenberg uncertainty and complementarity from... more
Specific and non-specific effects observed in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are generally treated implicitly as ontologically separate and purely additive. Building on the notions of Heisenberg uncertainty and complementarity from the discourse of quantum theory, and using a simple arithmetic argument, it is demonstrated how this separation enables results of RCTs (particularly of complex interventions) to be treated in a convenient but ultimately incorrect manner. Conclusions drawn from RCTs (that justify--and are justified by--a reductionist approach to therapeutic efficacy) should therefore be open to question.