Les problemes environnementaux actuels conduisent a rechercher des methodes d'analyse des pol... more Les problemes environnementaux actuels conduisent a rechercher des methodes d'analyse des polluants qui soient sensibles, fiables et d'un cout acceptable. Deux metaux lourds particulierement toxiques sont recherches dans tous les pays du monde avec des tolerances variables sur la qualite des eaux de boisson. De meme les derivees mono et dinitres du phenol sont recherchees car ce sont des intermediaires de synthese ou residus d'herbicides agricoles. Les techniques electroanalytiques peuvent repondre au critere de sensibilite et de cout modere. Le premier objectif de cette these a ete de montrer que l'electrolyte CaCl2 pouvait en fonction de sa concentration permettre un dosage simultane de Pb, Cd et des nitrophenols et dinitrophenols. En effet entre 0 et 5 m cet electrolyte provoque des deplacements cathodiques de Pb et Cd, par complexation, tandis que les derives nitres se deplacent anodiquement. Certaines plages de concentrations se revelent interessantes pour la separation. Les electrodes a pâte de carbone avec solide incorpore ont ete developpees pour apporter l'analyte directement dans l'electrode et avoir ainsi une approche quantitative. L'emploi de charbon actif comme capteur de polluant organique se revele excellent. Le charbon actif charge est alors melange a du graphite pur et un liant conducteur. Les courbes voltamperometriques permettent par mesure de la surface des pics de remonter a le teneur initiale en polluant. Des niveaux de l'ordre du [Micro]g/L sont aisement obtenus. Les microelectrodes sont de plus en plus utilisees, et surtout pour remplacer le mercure dans les laboratoires d'analyse. Dans le cas present elles sont employees avec codepot de mercure pour l'analyse par redissolution anodique du plomb. En effet le systeme Pb2+/Pb etant reversible, une tres faible influence des composes organiques presents dans les eaux naturelles ou industrielles est observee. Des teneurs jusqu'a 10-7, 10-8 M sont mesurables en quelques minutes avec une bonne reproductibilite. En conclusion, le present travail sur l'analyse de traces organiques et minerales a permis de souligner l'interet des techniques impulsionnelles et des pâtes de carbone a solide incorpore. Les microelectrodes avec codepot de mercure se revelent interessantes car elles evitent l'utilisation de quantites non negligeables non metalliques, en fournissant des performances tout a fait acceptables
To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awar... more To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awareness of existing national anti-smoking laws. Self-administered questionnaire was employed across 7 universities (1,104 students, equal proportions of males and females) located in Gaza Strip, Palestine. About 55% of participants reported ever smoking, 31% were current cigarette smokers, and 36% were 'strictly' (only) narghile (water pipe) smokers. Mean age of smoking initiation was 17 +/- 3.15 years. Smokers had less knowledge of smoking associated health risks than nonsmokers. Students' knowledge of existing anti-smoking laws was generally low (11.3-25.5%), and significantly more smokers had knowledge about existing laws (ban of advertisement of smoking, ban of smoking in public places, and ban of selling cigarettes to minors) than non-smokers. About 81% of current smokers tried to quit smoking at least once during their life, 53% felt ready to quit smoking if cessation ass...
International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2008
ABSTRACT Wastewater is the main source of groundwater pollution if it is not properly collected a... more ABSTRACT Wastewater is the main source of groundwater pollution if it is not properly collected and treated. In many parts of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank wastewater is collected through cesspits, while in other areas it is collected through networks and treated in central treatments plants. Collecting aggregate information on the level of indicators with concern to the wastewater issues (collection, treatment and reuse) is essential for efficient wastewater management. So that conclusions regarding the level of 'improvement' or 'degradation' of various environmental compartments as a result of wastewater practices can be given. The approach to be followed consists of designing a monitoring system for wastewater (the parameter to be monitored, the location of monitored points and the temporal frequency of monitoring). The second part of the approach includes the design of an evaluation system for wastewater issues by considering the Driving force State Pressure Impact Response (DSPIR) model. Both systems will be applied to the Gaza Wastewater Treatment Plant and wastewater reuse pilot. Developing such systems will enhance the effective control and monitoring of operation of the wastewater treatment plants. It also can establish a concrete basis for the sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse.
FloodCitiSense aims at developing an urban pluvial flood early warning service for, but also by c... more FloodCitiSense aims at developing an urban pluvial flood early warning service for, but also by citizens and city authorities, building upon the state-of-the-art knowledge, methodologies and smart technologies provided by research units and private companies. FloodCitiSense targets the co-creation of this innovative public service in an urban living lab context with all local actors. This service will reduce the vulnerability of urban areas and citizens to pluvial floods, which occur when heavy rainfall exceeds the capacity of the urban drainage system. Due to their fast onset and localized nature, they cause significant damage to the urban environment and are challenging to manage. Monitoring and management of peak events in cities is typically in the hands of local governmental agencies. Citizens most often just play a passive role as people negatively affected by the flooding, despite the fact that they are often the ‘first responders’ and should therefore be actively involved. T...
Les problemes environnementaux actuels conduisent a rechercher des methodes d'analyse des pol... more Les problemes environnementaux actuels conduisent a rechercher des methodes d'analyse des polluants qui soient sensibles, fiables et d'un cout acceptable. Deux metaux lourds particulierement toxiques sont recherches dans tous les pays du monde avec des tolerances variables sur la qualite des eaux de boisson. De meme les derivees mono et dinitres du phenol sont recherchees car ce sont des intermediaires de synthese ou residus d'herbicides agricoles. Les techniques electroanalytiques peuvent repondre au critere de sensibilite et de cout modere. Le premier objectif de cette these a ete de montrer que l'electrolyte CaCl2 pouvait en fonction de sa concentration permettre un dosage simultane de Pb, Cd et des nitrophenols et dinitrophenols. En effet entre 0 et 5 m cet electrolyte provoque des deplacements cathodiques de Pb et Cd, par complexation, tandis que les derives nitres se deplacent anodiquement. Certaines plages de concentrations se revelent interessantes pour la separation. Les electrodes a pâte de carbone avec solide incorpore ont ete developpees pour apporter l'analyte directement dans l'electrode et avoir ainsi une approche quantitative. L'emploi de charbon actif comme capteur de polluant organique se revele excellent. Le charbon actif charge est alors melange a du graphite pur et un liant conducteur. Les courbes voltamperometriques permettent par mesure de la surface des pics de remonter a le teneur initiale en polluant. Des niveaux de l'ordre du [Micro]g/L sont aisement obtenus. Les microelectrodes sont de plus en plus utilisees, et surtout pour remplacer le mercure dans les laboratoires d'analyse. Dans le cas present elles sont employees avec codepot de mercure pour l'analyse par redissolution anodique du plomb. En effet le systeme Pb2+/Pb etant reversible, une tres faible influence des composes organiques presents dans les eaux naturelles ou industrielles est observee. Des teneurs jusqu'a 10-7, 10-8 M sont mesurables en quelques minutes avec une bonne reproductibilite. En conclusion, le present travail sur l'analyse de traces organiques et minerales a permis de souligner l'interet des techniques impulsionnelles et des pâtes de carbone a solide incorpore. Les microelectrodes avec codepot de mercure se revelent interessantes car elles evitent l'utilisation de quantites non negligeables non metalliques, en fournissant des performances tout a fait acceptables
To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awar... more To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awareness of existing national anti-smoking laws. Self-administered questionnaire was employed across 7 universities (1,104 students, equal proportions of males and females) located in Gaza Strip, Palestine. About 55% of participants reported ever smoking, 31% were current cigarette smokers, and 36% were 'strictly' (only) narghile (water pipe) smokers. Mean age of smoking initiation was 17 +/- 3.15 years. Smokers had less knowledge of smoking associated health risks than nonsmokers. Students' knowledge of existing anti-smoking laws was generally low (11.3-25.5%), and significantly more smokers had knowledge about existing laws (ban of advertisement of smoking, ban of smoking in public places, and ban of selling cigarettes to minors) than non-smokers. About 81% of current smokers tried to quit smoking at least once during their life, 53% felt ready to quit smoking if cessation ass...
International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2008
ABSTRACT Wastewater is the main source of groundwater pollution if it is not properly collected a... more ABSTRACT Wastewater is the main source of groundwater pollution if it is not properly collected and treated. In many parts of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank wastewater is collected through cesspits, while in other areas it is collected through networks and treated in central treatments plants. Collecting aggregate information on the level of indicators with concern to the wastewater issues (collection, treatment and reuse) is essential for efficient wastewater management. So that conclusions regarding the level of 'improvement' or 'degradation' of various environmental compartments as a result of wastewater practices can be given. The approach to be followed consists of designing a monitoring system for wastewater (the parameter to be monitored, the location of monitored points and the temporal frequency of monitoring). The second part of the approach includes the design of an evaluation system for wastewater issues by considering the Driving force State Pressure Impact Response (DSPIR) model. Both systems will be applied to the Gaza Wastewater Treatment Plant and wastewater reuse pilot. Developing such systems will enhance the effective control and monitoring of operation of the wastewater treatment plants. It also can establish a concrete basis for the sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse.
FloodCitiSense aims at developing an urban pluvial flood early warning service for, but also by c... more FloodCitiSense aims at developing an urban pluvial flood early warning service for, but also by citizens and city authorities, building upon the state-of-the-art knowledge, methodologies and smart technologies provided by research units and private companies. FloodCitiSense targets the co-creation of this innovative public service in an urban living lab context with all local actors. This service will reduce the vulnerability of urban areas and citizens to pluvial floods, which occur when heavy rainfall exceeds the capacity of the urban drainage system. Due to their fast onset and localized nature, they cause significant damage to the urban environment and are challenging to manage. Monitoring and management of peak events in cities is typically in the hands of local governmental agencies. Citizens most often just play a passive role as people negatively affected by the flooding, despite the fact that they are often the ‘first responders’ and should therefore be actively involved. T...
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