Cómo citar este artículo: Undabeitia JI, et al. Neurinoma de la cuerda del tímpano. Acta Otorrino... more Cómo citar este artículo: Undabeitia JI, et al. Neurinoma de la cuerda del tímpano. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2013. http://dx.
A 10-y-old ovariohysterectomized ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was presented for exacerbation o... more A 10-y-old ovariohysterectomized ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was presented for exacerbation of respiratory signs. The lemur had a history of multiple examinations for various problems, including traumatic lacerations and recurrent perivulvar dermatitis. Examination revealed abnormal lung sounds and a femoral arteriovenous fistula with a palpable thrill and auscultable bruit in the right inguinal area. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure was made on the basis of exam findings, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and echocardiography. The lemur was maintained on furosemide until surgical ligation of the fistula was performed. Postoperative examination confirmed successful closure of the fistula and resolution of the signs of heart failure. Arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal connections between an artery and a vein that bypass the capillary bed. Large arteriovenous fistulas may result in decreased peripheral resistance and an increase in cardiac output with consequent cardiomegaly and high output heart failure. This lemur's high-flow arteriovenous fistula with secondary heart failure may have been iatrogenically induced during blood collection by prior femoral venipuncture. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of an arteriovenous fistula in a prosimian. Successful surgical correction of suspected iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) have been reported previously. Arteriovenous fistula formation should be considered as a rare potential complication of venipuncture and as a treatable cause of congestive heart failure in lemurs.
The tufted deer is a small deer, listed as near threatened on the International Union for Conserv... more The tufted deer is a small deer, listed as near threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, and there is no information on the fundamental reproductive biology of this species. In this study, we report for the first time, characterization of male reproductive traits and cryopreservation of semen in this species. Males were subjected to electroejaculation during each season (autumn, winter, spring, and summer), and ejaculates were assessed for motility and quality traits. Fecal samples were collected 3 to 5 times weekly for 2 years and analyzed for androgen metabolites using enzyme immunoassay. Ejaculates with greater than 70% motility were cryopreserved using Beltsville extender (BF5F) or Triladyl. Straws were thawed and assessed subjectively as well as swim-up processed to isolate motile spermatozoa for computer-assisted sperm analysis and acrosome integrity at hourly interval. Tufted deer male reproductive and semen traits peaked in autumn. Mean feca...
American Journal of Veterinary Research, Apr 25, 2012
To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of 1 IM injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid ... more To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of 1 IM injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) in American black ducks (Anas rubripes). 20 adult American black ducks (6 in a preliminary experiment and 14 in a primary experiment). Dose and route of administration of CCFA for the primary experiment were determined in a preliminary experiment. In the primary experiment, CCFA (10 mg/kg, IM) was administered to ducks. Ducks were allocated into 2 groups, and blood samples were obtained 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 48, 96, 144, 192, and 240 hours or 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 72, 120, 168, and 216 hours after administration of CCFA. Plasma concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAEs) were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were evaluated by use of a naive pooled-data approach. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 hours to infinity was 783 h•μg/mL, maximum plasma concentration observed was 13.1 μg/mL, time to maximum plasma concentration observed was 24 hours, terminal phase half-life was 32.0 hours, time that concentrations of CFAEs were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 μg/mL) for many pathogens of birds was 123 hours, and time that concentrations of CFAEs were higher than the target plasma concentration (4.0 μg/mL) was 73.3 hours. On the basis of the time that CFAE concentrations were higher than the target plasma concentration, a dosing interval of 3 days can be recommended for future multidose CCFA studies.
AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the norther... more AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the northern part of the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador, in 2003, to establish baseline health parameters and to test specifi cally for Chlamydophila psiĴ aci, known to exist elsewhere in the archipelago. Twenty-three Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), 24 Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), 25 Nazca Boobies (S. granti), and 19 Swallow-tailed Gulls (Creagrus furcatus) were hand-restrained for venipuncture and collection of lacrimo-choanal-cloacal combination swabs. White blood cell (WBC) counts, diff erentials, and packed cell volumes were obtained and plasma chemistry analyses performed on the blood samples. Presence-absence and parasitemias of circulating hemoparasites were determined by microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Haemoproteus-like hemoparasites were found in three of the seabird species sampled. Prevalences were 29.2% (7 of 24) in Great Frigatebirds, 15.8% (3 of 19) in Swallow-tailed Gulls, and 8.7% (2 of 23) in Red-footed Boobies; none of the Nazca Boobies were infected. Parasitemia levels were relatively low within each of the infected species. Individual Great Frigatebirds with Haemoproteus infections also exhibited signifi cantly higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte concentration ratios than birds not infected with Haemoproteus, an indication that birds infected with Haemoproteus were also physiologically stressed or, alternatively, that they were actively fi ghting the infection. Haemoproteus prevalences within Great Frigatebirds on Genovesa were not signifi cantly diff erent from those previously reported from conspecifi c hosts in the Hawaiian Islands. To compare seabird hemoparasite data with those for a sympatric terrestrial species, Galapagos Doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) were sampled on Genovesa in 2004 and screened for Haemoproteus previously reported in Galapagos Doves on other islands. Prevalence in this terrestrial endemic was high (42.3%; 11 of 26), and several birds exhibited relatively high parasitemia levels. Chlamydophila psiĴ aci was not found in any birds by either serology or antigen detection methods.
Middle ear ossicle malformations are an uncommon event. Among them, the congenital absence of the... more Middle ear ossicle malformations are an uncommon event. Among them, the congenital absence of the stapes is a very rare condition that is seldom described in the literature. We report the cases of two women, aged 19 and 22 , who presented with a long history of conductive deafness. An exploratory tympanotomy was performed and the absence of the stapes superstructure and an abnormal position of the facial nerve could be observed. A bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) was implanted in both patients with good results. It is believed that stapes agenesis is related to an abnormal development of the facial nerve, which by the 5th to 6th week of gestation would interpose between the otic capsule and the stapes blastema, preventing these structures from contacting. A long history of nonprogressive hearing loss from birth or early childhood is the key to reach a diagnosis. Several treatment options have been described. The authors opted for a hearing aid due to the high risk of facial nerve lesion, with good functional results.
Progenitor cell transplantation has been considered as a potential angiogenesis therapy for the i... more Progenitor cell transplantation has been considered as a potential angiogenesis therapy for the ischemic hindlimb. In this work we performed an ischemic hindlimb model in dogs. We ligated the middle sacra and the external right iliac arteries. After 7 days, the femoral artery was ligated and removed, and three Silastic tubes were inserted into the gracilis muscle to create fibrocollagenous tunnels. After Silastic implantation, we administered saline or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) subcutaneously daily during 5 days. Fourteen days after device positioning we transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) into the tunnels previously formed by Silastic tube reaction. Twenty-eight days later, contrasted angiographies were performed and angiographic scores were calculated. Also, vessels and endothelial cells and proliferating cells were identified by immunochemistry of muscle sections. Results demonstrated that BMMC transplantation enriched by G-CSF administration significantly stimulates angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb, and more than BMMC transplantation alone. Transplantation of progenitor cells in an appropriate extracellular matrix is a potential therapy for hindlimb ischemia.
We established a comparative model of angiogenic induction in previously formed fibrocollagenous ... more We established a comparative model of angiogenic induction in previously formed fibrocollagenous tunnels in rat inner thigh muscles. A unilateral hindlimb chronic ischemia model was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A device was then inserted in the central portion of the inner thigh muscles. Vascularity in the ischemic limb was determined by means of an angiographic score, capillary/fiber ratio, and endothelial proliferation by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Autologous transplant of bone marrow, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone plus heparin induced significant vascularization of the ischemic hindlimb when compared to saline solution. However, the bone marrow group presented a higher angiographic score than the other two. No differences among groups were observed in capillary/fiber ratio or proliferation, except for the VEGF group, where capillary proliferating cells were significantly higher than in controls. Based on these results, bone marrow-derived progenitor cells may constitute a safe and viable alternative for the induction of therapeutic angiogenesis.
Venipuncture was performed on 50 adult, free-ranging waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) on ... more Venipuncture was performed on 50 adult, free-ranging waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) on Española, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, to establish hematologic and plasma biochemistry reference ranges and to determine the prevalence of exposure to important domestic avian pathogens. Weights and plasma creatine phosphokinase activities differed significantly between males and females. Serum was tested for evidence of exposure to avian influenza, avian paramyxoviruses 1, 2, and 3, avian cholera, adenovirus groups 1 and 2, avian encephalomyelitis, Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, and infectious bronchitis virus (Connecticut and Massachusetts strains). Of 44 birds, 29 (66%) seroreacted to adenovirus group 1, and four seroreacted to avian encephalomyelitis. Cloacal swabs were negative for Chlamydophila psittaci DNA.
The objective of this project was to determine radiographic vertebral heart sizes and electrocard... more The objective of this project was to determine radiographic vertebral heart sizes and electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic measurements in healthy anesthetized maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). The wolves, housed at the White Oak Conservation and Smithsonian National Zoo Conservation and Research Centers, were being anesthetized for annual examinations. Cardiac auscultation, thoracic radiographs, a standard 6-lead ECG, and echocardiography were performed on the wolves while they were under general anesthesia. Thirteen maned wolves were evaluated: five males and eight females. Mean age was 6.4 6 4.4 years (range, 2-13 years). Mean weight was 26 6 2.95 kg (range, 22-32 kg). Low-grade systolic murmurs were auscultated in three of 13 maned wolves. Evaluation of ECGs revealed a sinus rhythm, with a QRS morphology, and mean electrical axis similar to domestic canines. Radiographic evaluation revealed a mean vertebral heart size of 8.27 6 0.48 (range, 7.9-8.6). In addition, the cardiac silhouette was seen to elongate, with an increase in sternal contact in older wolves. Echocardiography showed that mitral valve degenerative changes and insufficiency is likely common in older wolves. Visualization of physiologic regurgitation across the mitral and pulmonary valves was common in wolves of all ages. Left ventricular measurements were similar to those reported for healthy dogs, and several variables correlated well with body weight. Two wolves were found to have one to three heartworms in the right pulmonary artery, and degenerative mitral valve disease was determined in maned wolves older than 6 years of age. All of the wolves in this study were on heartworm preventative and tested negative for heartworm antigen at their annual examinations. The results of this study provide reference information for use in the cardiac evaluation of anesthetized maned wolves.
A 2-yr-old Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) was presented for evaluation of abnormal genitalia and in... more A 2-yr-old Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) was presented for evaluation of abnormal genitalia and infantile behavior. The oryx had a penis and a scrotum, but testes were not palpable within the scrotum or inguinal canal. The total serum testosterone for the individual was lower than in age-matched males of the same species. Surgical exploration showed markedly hypoplastic intra-abdominal gonads, which demonstrated both testicular and uterine tissue on histologic examination. After karyotype analysis, the individual was classified as an XY male pseudohermaphrodite. This condition resembles two human intersex syndromes: embryonic testicular regression syndrome and partial gonadal dysgenesis syndrome, which occur in familial lines.
Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba l... more Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.
The results of nerve repair with fibrin glue and microsuture were evaluated in rat nerve transect... more The results of nerve repair with fibrin glue and microsuture were evaluated in rat nerve transection models. Ninety Wistar-Furth rat median nerves were exposed, transected, and repaired in an end-to-end fashion with one of four substances/techniques: 1) human fibrin sealant (Quixil); 2) autologous graft and human fibrin sealant (Quixil); 3) bovine fibrin sealant (Tissucol); and 4) nylon microsuture, epineurial technique. Histologic analyses were performed at 3-, 6-, and 9-month postoperative intervals, and factors evaluated included: presence of inflammatory cells (i.e., macrophages and T cells); number of Schwann cells at the repair site; number of blood vessels; fibrosis; axonal regeneration; and fiber alignment. An additional group underwent histologic analysis at 3 weeks following repair with Quixil. Surgical time of repair was also measured. Nerve repairs performed with fibrin sealants produced less inflammatory response and fibrosis, and better axonal regeneration and fiber alignment than nerve repairs performed with microsuture. In addition, the fibrin sealant techniques were quicker and easier to use. The authors conclude that fibrin sealant represents a good alternative technique to microsuture for peripheral-nerve repair.
Two studies were conducted to understand sperm cryosensitivity in an endangered equid, the Przewa... more Two studies were conducted to understand sperm cryosensitivity in an endangered equid, the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalski), while testing the cryoprotectant ability of formamides. The first assessed the toxicity of permeating cryoprotectants (glycerol, methylformamide [MF] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) to Przewalski's horse spermatozoa during liquid storage at 4°C. The second examined the comparative influence of three diluents (with or without formamides) on cryosurvival of sperm from the Przewalski's versus domestic horse. When Przewalski's horse spermatozoa were incubated at 4°C in INRA 96 with differing concentrations of glycerol, MF or DMF or a combination of these amides, cells tolerated all but the highest concentration (10% v/v) of MF alone or in combination with DMF, both of which decreased (P < 0.05) motility traits. There was no effect of cryoprotectants on sperm acrosomal integrity. In the cryosurvival study, average sperm motility and proportion of cells with intact acrosomes in fresh ejaculates were similar (P > 0.05) between the Przewalski's (67%, 84%, respectively) and domestic (66%, 76%) horse donors. Sperm from both species were diluted in lactose-EDTA-glycerol (EQ), Botu-Crio (BOTU; a proprietary product containing glycerol and MF) or SM (INRA 96 plus 2% [v/v] egg yolk and 2.5% [v/v] MF and DMF) and then frozen over liquid nitrogen vapor. After thawing, the highest values recovered for total and progressive sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential were 42.4%, 21.8%, 88.7% and 25.4 CN (CN = mean JC-1 fluorescence intensity/cell on a channel number scale), respectively, in the Przewalski's and 49.3%, 24.6%, 88.9% and 25.8 CN, respectively, in the domestic horse. Although sperm progressive motility and acrosome integrity did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments across species, mitochondrial membrane potential was higher (P < 0.05) in both species using EQ compared to BOTU or SM media. Additionally, Przewalski's stallion sperm expressed higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw total motility in BOTU and SM compared to EQ, whereas there were no differences among freezing diluents in the domestic horse. In summary, Przewalski's stallion sperm benefit from exposure to either MF or DMF as an alternative cryoprotectant to glycerol. Overt sperm quality appears similar between the Przewalski's and domestic horse, although the total motility of cells from the former appears more sensitive to certain freezing diluents. Nonetheless, post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity values for Przewalski's horse spermatozoa mimic findings in the domestic horse in the presence of INRA 96 supplemented with 2% (v/v) egg yolk and a combined 2.5% concentration of MF and DMF.
Cómo citar este artículo: Undabeitia JI, et al. Neurinoma de la cuerda del tímpano. Acta Otorrino... more Cómo citar este artículo: Undabeitia JI, et al. Neurinoma de la cuerda del tímpano. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2013. http://dx.
A 10-y-old ovariohysterectomized ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was presented for exacerbation o... more A 10-y-old ovariohysterectomized ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was presented for exacerbation of respiratory signs. The lemur had a history of multiple examinations for various problems, including traumatic lacerations and recurrent perivulvar dermatitis. Examination revealed abnormal lung sounds and a femoral arteriovenous fistula with a palpable thrill and auscultable bruit in the right inguinal area. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure was made on the basis of exam findings, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and echocardiography. The lemur was maintained on furosemide until surgical ligation of the fistula was performed. Postoperative examination confirmed successful closure of the fistula and resolution of the signs of heart failure. Arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal connections between an artery and a vein that bypass the capillary bed. Large arteriovenous fistulas may result in decreased peripheral resistance and an increase in cardiac output with consequent cardiomegaly and high output heart failure. This lemur&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s high-flow arteriovenous fistula with secondary heart failure may have been iatrogenically induced during blood collection by prior femoral venipuncture. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of an arteriovenous fistula in a prosimian. Successful surgical correction of suspected iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) have been reported previously. Arteriovenous fistula formation should be considered as a rare potential complication of venipuncture and as a treatable cause of congestive heart failure in lemurs.
The tufted deer is a small deer, listed as near threatened on the International Union for Conserv... more The tufted deer is a small deer, listed as near threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, and there is no information on the fundamental reproductive biology of this species. In this study, we report for the first time, characterization of male reproductive traits and cryopreservation of semen in this species. Males were subjected to electroejaculation during each season (autumn, winter, spring, and summer), and ejaculates were assessed for motility and quality traits. Fecal samples were collected 3 to 5 times weekly for 2 years and analyzed for androgen metabolites using enzyme immunoassay. Ejaculates with greater than 70% motility were cryopreserved using Beltsville extender (BF5F) or Triladyl. Straws were thawed and assessed subjectively as well as swim-up processed to isolate motile spermatozoa for computer-assisted sperm analysis and acrosome integrity at hourly interval. Tufted deer male reproductive and semen traits peaked in autumn. Mean feca...
American Journal of Veterinary Research, Apr 25, 2012
To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of 1 IM injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid ... more To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of 1 IM injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) in American black ducks (Anas rubripes). 20 adult American black ducks (6 in a preliminary experiment and 14 in a primary experiment). Dose and route of administration of CCFA for the primary experiment were determined in a preliminary experiment. In the primary experiment, CCFA (10 mg/kg, IM) was administered to ducks. Ducks were allocated into 2 groups, and blood samples were obtained 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 48, 96, 144, 192, and 240 hours or 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 72, 120, 168, and 216 hours after administration of CCFA. Plasma concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAEs) were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were evaluated by use of a naive pooled-data approach. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 hours to infinity was 783 h•μg/mL, maximum plasma concentration observed was 13.1 μg/mL, time to maximum plasma concentration observed was 24 hours, terminal phase half-life was 32.0 hours, time that concentrations of CFAEs were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 μg/mL) for many pathogens of birds was 123 hours, and time that concentrations of CFAEs were higher than the target plasma concentration (4.0 μg/mL) was 73.3 hours. On the basis of the time that CFAE concentrations were higher than the target plasma concentration, a dosing interval of 3 days can be recommended for future multidose CCFA studies.
AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the norther... more AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the northern part of the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador, in 2003, to establish baseline health parameters and to test specifi cally for Chlamydophila psiĴ aci, known to exist elsewhere in the archipelago. Twenty-three Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), 24 Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), 25 Nazca Boobies (S. granti), and 19 Swallow-tailed Gulls (Creagrus furcatus) were hand-restrained for venipuncture and collection of lacrimo-choanal-cloacal combination swabs. White blood cell (WBC) counts, diff erentials, and packed cell volumes were obtained and plasma chemistry analyses performed on the blood samples. Presence-absence and parasitemias of circulating hemoparasites were determined by microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Haemoproteus-like hemoparasites were found in three of the seabird species sampled. Prevalences were 29.2% (7 of 24) in Great Frigatebirds, 15.8% (3 of 19) in Swallow-tailed Gulls, and 8.7% (2 of 23) in Red-footed Boobies; none of the Nazca Boobies were infected. Parasitemia levels were relatively low within each of the infected species. Individual Great Frigatebirds with Haemoproteus infections also exhibited signifi cantly higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte concentration ratios than birds not infected with Haemoproteus, an indication that birds infected with Haemoproteus were also physiologically stressed or, alternatively, that they were actively fi ghting the infection. Haemoproteus prevalences within Great Frigatebirds on Genovesa were not signifi cantly diff erent from those previously reported from conspecifi c hosts in the Hawaiian Islands. To compare seabird hemoparasite data with those for a sympatric terrestrial species, Galapagos Doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) were sampled on Genovesa in 2004 and screened for Haemoproteus previously reported in Galapagos Doves on other islands. Prevalence in this terrestrial endemic was high (42.3%; 11 of 26), and several birds exhibited relatively high parasitemia levels. Chlamydophila psiĴ aci was not found in any birds by either serology or antigen detection methods.
Middle ear ossicle malformations are an uncommon event. Among them, the congenital absence of the... more Middle ear ossicle malformations are an uncommon event. Among them, the congenital absence of the stapes is a very rare condition that is seldom described in the literature. We report the cases of two women, aged 19 and 22 , who presented with a long history of conductive deafness. An exploratory tympanotomy was performed and the absence of the stapes superstructure and an abnormal position of the facial nerve could be observed. A bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) was implanted in both patients with good results. It is believed that stapes agenesis is related to an abnormal development of the facial nerve, which by the 5th to 6th week of gestation would interpose between the otic capsule and the stapes blastema, preventing these structures from contacting. A long history of nonprogressive hearing loss from birth or early childhood is the key to reach a diagnosis. Several treatment options have been described. The authors opted for a hearing aid due to the high risk of facial nerve lesion, with good functional results.
Progenitor cell transplantation has been considered as a potential angiogenesis therapy for the i... more Progenitor cell transplantation has been considered as a potential angiogenesis therapy for the ischemic hindlimb. In this work we performed an ischemic hindlimb model in dogs. We ligated the middle sacra and the external right iliac arteries. After 7 days, the femoral artery was ligated and removed, and three Silastic tubes were inserted into the gracilis muscle to create fibrocollagenous tunnels. After Silastic implantation, we administered saline or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) subcutaneously daily during 5 days. Fourteen days after device positioning we transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) into the tunnels previously formed by Silastic tube reaction. Twenty-eight days later, contrasted angiographies were performed and angiographic scores were calculated. Also, vessels and endothelial cells and proliferating cells were identified by immunochemistry of muscle sections. Results demonstrated that BMMC transplantation enriched by G-CSF administration significantly stimulates angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb, and more than BMMC transplantation alone. Transplantation of progenitor cells in an appropriate extracellular matrix is a potential therapy for hindlimb ischemia.
We established a comparative model of angiogenic induction in previously formed fibrocollagenous ... more We established a comparative model of angiogenic induction in previously formed fibrocollagenous tunnels in rat inner thigh muscles. A unilateral hindlimb chronic ischemia model was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A device was then inserted in the central portion of the inner thigh muscles. Vascularity in the ischemic limb was determined by means of an angiographic score, capillary/fiber ratio, and endothelial proliferation by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Autologous transplant of bone marrow, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone plus heparin induced significant vascularization of the ischemic hindlimb when compared to saline solution. However, the bone marrow group presented a higher angiographic score than the other two. No differences among groups were observed in capillary/fiber ratio or proliferation, except for the VEGF group, where capillary proliferating cells were significantly higher than in controls. Based on these results, bone marrow-derived progenitor cells may constitute a safe and viable alternative for the induction of therapeutic angiogenesis.
Venipuncture was performed on 50 adult, free-ranging waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) on ... more Venipuncture was performed on 50 adult, free-ranging waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) on Española, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, to establish hematologic and plasma biochemistry reference ranges and to determine the prevalence of exposure to important domestic avian pathogens. Weights and plasma creatine phosphokinase activities differed significantly between males and females. Serum was tested for evidence of exposure to avian influenza, avian paramyxoviruses 1, 2, and 3, avian cholera, adenovirus groups 1 and 2, avian encephalomyelitis, Marek&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease, infectious bursal disease, and infectious bronchitis virus (Connecticut and Massachusetts strains). Of 44 birds, 29 (66%) seroreacted to adenovirus group 1, and four seroreacted to avian encephalomyelitis. Cloacal swabs were negative for Chlamydophila psittaci DNA.
The objective of this project was to determine radiographic vertebral heart sizes and electrocard... more The objective of this project was to determine radiographic vertebral heart sizes and electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic measurements in healthy anesthetized maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). The wolves, housed at the White Oak Conservation and Smithsonian National Zoo Conservation and Research Centers, were being anesthetized for annual examinations. Cardiac auscultation, thoracic radiographs, a standard 6-lead ECG, and echocardiography were performed on the wolves while they were under general anesthesia. Thirteen maned wolves were evaluated: five males and eight females. Mean age was 6.4 6 4.4 years (range, 2-13 years). Mean weight was 26 6 2.95 kg (range, 22-32 kg). Low-grade systolic murmurs were auscultated in three of 13 maned wolves. Evaluation of ECGs revealed a sinus rhythm, with a QRS morphology, and mean electrical axis similar to domestic canines. Radiographic evaluation revealed a mean vertebral heart size of 8.27 6 0.48 (range, 7.9-8.6). In addition, the cardiac silhouette was seen to elongate, with an increase in sternal contact in older wolves. Echocardiography showed that mitral valve degenerative changes and insufficiency is likely common in older wolves. Visualization of physiologic regurgitation across the mitral and pulmonary valves was common in wolves of all ages. Left ventricular measurements were similar to those reported for healthy dogs, and several variables correlated well with body weight. Two wolves were found to have one to three heartworms in the right pulmonary artery, and degenerative mitral valve disease was determined in maned wolves older than 6 years of age. All of the wolves in this study were on heartworm preventative and tested negative for heartworm antigen at their annual examinations. The results of this study provide reference information for use in the cardiac evaluation of anesthetized maned wolves.
A 2-yr-old Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) was presented for evaluation of abnormal genitalia and in... more A 2-yr-old Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) was presented for evaluation of abnormal genitalia and infantile behavior. The oryx had a penis and a scrotum, but testes were not palpable within the scrotum or inguinal canal. The total serum testosterone for the individual was lower than in age-matched males of the same species. Surgical exploration showed markedly hypoplastic intra-abdominal gonads, which demonstrated both testicular and uterine tissue on histologic examination. After karyotype analysis, the individual was classified as an XY male pseudohermaphrodite. This condition resembles two human intersex syndromes: embryonic testicular regression syndrome and partial gonadal dysgenesis syndrome, which occur in familial lines.
Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba l... more Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.
The results of nerve repair with fibrin glue and microsuture were evaluated in rat nerve transect... more The results of nerve repair with fibrin glue and microsuture were evaluated in rat nerve transection models. Ninety Wistar-Furth rat median nerves were exposed, transected, and repaired in an end-to-end fashion with one of four substances/techniques: 1) human fibrin sealant (Quixil); 2) autologous graft and human fibrin sealant (Quixil); 3) bovine fibrin sealant (Tissucol); and 4) nylon microsuture, epineurial technique. Histologic analyses were performed at 3-, 6-, and 9-month postoperative intervals, and factors evaluated included: presence of inflammatory cells (i.e., macrophages and T cells); number of Schwann cells at the repair site; number of blood vessels; fibrosis; axonal regeneration; and fiber alignment. An additional group underwent histologic analysis at 3 weeks following repair with Quixil. Surgical time of repair was also measured. Nerve repairs performed with fibrin sealants produced less inflammatory response and fibrosis, and better axonal regeneration and fiber alignment than nerve repairs performed with microsuture. In addition, the fibrin sealant techniques were quicker and easier to use. The authors conclude that fibrin sealant represents a good alternative technique to microsuture for peripheral-nerve repair.
Two studies were conducted to understand sperm cryosensitivity in an endangered equid, the Przewa... more Two studies were conducted to understand sperm cryosensitivity in an endangered equid, the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalski), while testing the cryoprotectant ability of formamides. The first assessed the toxicity of permeating cryoprotectants (glycerol, methylformamide [MF] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) to Przewalski's horse spermatozoa during liquid storage at 4°C. The second examined the comparative influence of three diluents (with or without formamides) on cryosurvival of sperm from the Przewalski's versus domestic horse. When Przewalski's horse spermatozoa were incubated at 4°C in INRA 96 with differing concentrations of glycerol, MF or DMF or a combination of these amides, cells tolerated all but the highest concentration (10% v/v) of MF alone or in combination with DMF, both of which decreased (P < 0.05) motility traits. There was no effect of cryoprotectants on sperm acrosomal integrity. In the cryosurvival study, average sperm motility and proportion of cells with intact acrosomes in fresh ejaculates were similar (P > 0.05) between the Przewalski's (67%, 84%, respectively) and domestic (66%, 76%) horse donors. Sperm from both species were diluted in lactose-EDTA-glycerol (EQ), Botu-Crio (BOTU; a proprietary product containing glycerol and MF) or SM (INRA 96 plus 2% [v/v] egg yolk and 2.5% [v/v] MF and DMF) and then frozen over liquid nitrogen vapor. After thawing, the highest values recovered for total and progressive sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential were 42.4%, 21.8%, 88.7% and 25.4 CN (CN = mean JC-1 fluorescence intensity/cell on a channel number scale), respectively, in the Przewalski's and 49.3%, 24.6%, 88.9% and 25.8 CN, respectively, in the domestic horse. Although sperm progressive motility and acrosome integrity did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments across species, mitochondrial membrane potential was higher (P < 0.05) in both species using EQ compared to BOTU or SM media. Additionally, Przewalski's stallion sperm expressed higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw total motility in BOTU and SM compared to EQ, whereas there were no differences among freezing diluents in the domestic horse. In summary, Przewalski's stallion sperm benefit from exposure to either MF or DMF as an alternative cryoprotectant to glycerol. Overt sperm quality appears similar between the Przewalski's and domestic horse, although the total motility of cells from the former appears more sensitive to certain freezing diluents. Nonetheless, post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity values for Przewalski's horse spermatozoa mimic findings in the domestic horse in the presence of INRA 96 supplemented with 2% (v/v) egg yolk and a combined 2.5% concentration of MF and DMF.
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