Crop biofortification is a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to address malnutrition in dev... more Crop biofortification is a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to address malnutrition in developing countries. This review synthesizes the progress toward developing seed micronutrient-dense cereals and legumes cultivars by exploiting natural genetic variation using conventional breeding and/or transgenic technology, and discusses the associated issues to strengthen crop biofortification research and development. Some major QTL for seed iron and zinc, seed phosphorus, and seed phytate in common bean, rice, and wheat have been mapped. An iron reductase QTL associated with seed-iron QTL is found in common bean where the genes coding for candidate enzymes involved in phytic acid synthesis have also been mapped. Candidate genes for lpa cosegregate with mutant phenotypes identified in rice and soybean. The Gpc-B1 locus in wild emmer wheat accelerates senescence and increases nutrient remobilization from leaves to developing seeds, and another gene named TtNAM-B1 affecting these traits has been cloned. Seed iron-dense common bean and rice in Latin America; seed iron-dense common bean in eastern and southern Africa; seed iron-dense rice in the Philippines; and b-carotene-rich sweet potato in Latin America have been released for cultivation, with more nutritionally enhanced lines in pipeline for release, mostly in developing countries. Exceptionally large variations in b-carotene have been reported in temperate maize germplasm, which have been transferred into tropical maize hybrids, being evaluated prior to their release in Mexico and in some countries in Africa. The high b-carotene trait in ‘Golden Rice 2’ is being introgressed into several Asian rice cultivars. At CIMMYT, molecular markers for LycE and HydB are fully implemented, have accelerated breeding by one season, and substantially enhance efficiency and effectiveness of high-provitamin A maize breeding. Marker-assisted selection has been successfully employed to transfer low phytate into improved soybean cultivars. Biofortified crops are being investigated for efficacy with human and animal systems. Transgenic rice containing AtNAS and Pvferritin have increased seed iron several folds, while transgenic maize containing phyA2 shows high phytase activity and reduced phytic acid compared to wild types. Maize transgenics containing five carotenoid genes show higher accumulation of b-carotene with no adverse effects on agronomic traits. A rigorous assessment is suggested to identify advantages of biofortified food for human health. Several issues, in addition to the above, related to biofortification, have been highlighted for furthering biofortification research in staple food crops. Biofortification has been included as core breeding activity in some countries in Latin America to ensure that newly developed crop cultivars meet nutritional needs of humans.
The present study describes a new set of 61 polymorphic microsatellite markers for beans and the ... more The present study describes a new set of 61 polymorphic microsatellite markers for beans and the construction of a genetic map using the BAT93 x Jalo EEP558 (BJ) population for the purpose of developing a reference linkage map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The main objectives were to integrate new microsatellites on the existing framework map of the BJ population, and to develop the first linkage map for the BJ population based exclusively on microsatellites. Of the total of 264 microsatellites evaluated for polymorphism, 42.8% showed polymorphism between the genitors. An integrated map was created totaling 199 mapped markers in 13 linkage groups, with an observed length of 1358 cM and a mean distance between markers of 7.23 cM. For the map constructed exclusively with microsatellites, 106 markers were placed in 12 groups with a total length of 606.8 cM and average distance of 6.8 cM. Linkage group designation and marker order for BM microsatellites generally agreed with pre...
... determine whether beans are grown in a particular re-gion. ... the middle lamella forming sol... more ... determine whether beans are grown in a particular re-gion. ... the middle lamella forming soluble pectin that depolymerises rapidly during heat-ing, allowing water to enter cells of the ... Embryogen-esis continues up to 36 days but the peak accumulation is between 24 and 30 days ...
Commercial banana varieties are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, as well as bacterial path... more Commercial banana varieties are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, as well as bacterial pathogens, nematodes, viruses, and insect pests. The largest known family of plant resistance genes encodes proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Conserved motifs in such genes in diverse plant species offer a means for the isolation of candidate genes in banana that may be involved in plant defense. Six degenerate PCR primers were designed to target NBS and additional domains were tested on commercial banana species Musa acuminata subsp malaccensis and the Musa AAB Group propagated in vitro and plants maintained in a greenhouse. Total DNA was isolated by a modified CTAB extraction technique. Four resistance gene analogs were amplified and deposited in GenBank and assigned numbers HQ199833-HQ199836. The predicted amino acid sequences compared to the amino acid sequences of known resistance genes (MRGL1, MRGL2, MRGL3, and MRGL4) revealed significant sequence similarity. The presence of consensus domains, namely kinase-1a, kinase-2 and hydrophobic domain, provided evidence that the cloned sequences belong to the typical non-Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like domain NBS-LRR gene family.
Go to AGRIS search. Try it! Bibliography of cultivated amaranths (1990). Germplasm: distribution,... more Go to AGRIS search. Try it! Bibliography of cultivated amaranths (1990). Germplasm: distribution, taxonomy, genetics, and breeding, 1848 to 1988 : 422 citations with abstracts. Mallory, E. Corporate author, Rodale Research Center. Publisher, The Center, Kutztown, Pa. (USA). Date of publication, 1990. AGRIS Categories, ...
Crop biofortification is a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to address malnutrition in dev... more Crop biofortification is a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to address malnutrition in developing countries. This review synthesizes the progress toward developing seed micronutrient-dense cereals and legumes cultivars by exploiting natural genetic variation using conventional breeding and/or transgenic technology, and discusses the associated issues to strengthen crop biofortification research and development. Some major QTL for seed iron and zinc, seed phosphorus, and seed phytate in common bean, rice, and wheat have been mapped. An iron reductase QTL associated with seed-iron QTL is found in common bean where the genes coding for candidate enzymes involved in phytic acid synthesis have also been mapped. Candidate genes for lpa cosegregate with mutant phenotypes identified in rice and soybean. The Gpc-B1 locus in wild emmer wheat accelerates senescence and increases nutrient remobilization from leaves to developing seeds, and another gene named TtNAM-B1 affecting these traits has been cloned. Seed iron-dense common bean and rice in Latin America; seed iron-dense common bean in eastern and southern Africa; seed iron-dense rice in the Philippines; and b-carotene-rich sweet potato in Latin America have been released for cultivation, with more nutritionally enhanced lines in pipeline for release, mostly in developing countries. Exceptionally large variations in b-carotene have been reported in temperate maize germplasm, which have been transferred into tropical maize hybrids, being evaluated prior to their release in Mexico and in some countries in Africa. The high b-carotene trait in ‘Golden Rice 2’ is being introgressed into several Asian rice cultivars. At CIMMYT, molecular markers for LycE and HydB are fully implemented, have accelerated breeding by one season, and substantially enhance efficiency and effectiveness of high-provitamin A maize breeding. Marker-assisted selection has been successfully employed to transfer low phytate into improved soybean cultivars. Biofortified crops are being investigated for efficacy with human and animal systems. Transgenic rice containing AtNAS and Pvferritin have increased seed iron several folds, while transgenic maize containing phyA2 shows high phytase activity and reduced phytic acid compared to wild types. Maize transgenics containing five carotenoid genes show higher accumulation of b-carotene with no adverse effects on agronomic traits. A rigorous assessment is suggested to identify advantages of biofortified food for human health. Several issues, in addition to the above, related to biofortification, have been highlighted for furthering biofortification research in staple food crops. Biofortification has been included as core breeding activity in some countries in Latin America to ensure that newly developed crop cultivars meet nutritional needs of humans.
The present study describes a new set of 61 polymorphic microsatellite markers for beans and the ... more The present study describes a new set of 61 polymorphic microsatellite markers for beans and the construction of a genetic map using the BAT93 x Jalo EEP558 (BJ) population for the purpose of developing a reference linkage map for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The main objectives were to integrate new microsatellites on the existing framework map of the BJ population, and to develop the first linkage map for the BJ population based exclusively on microsatellites. Of the total of 264 microsatellites evaluated for polymorphism, 42.8% showed polymorphism between the genitors. An integrated map was created totaling 199 mapped markers in 13 linkage groups, with an observed length of 1358 cM and a mean distance between markers of 7.23 cM. For the map constructed exclusively with microsatellites, 106 markers were placed in 12 groups with a total length of 606.8 cM and average distance of 6.8 cM. Linkage group designation and marker order for BM microsatellites generally agreed with pre...
... determine whether beans are grown in a particular re-gion. ... the middle lamella forming sol... more ... determine whether beans are grown in a particular re-gion. ... the middle lamella forming soluble pectin that depolymerises rapidly during heat-ing, allowing water to enter cells of the ... Embryogen-esis continues up to 36 days but the peak accumulation is between 24 and 30 days ...
Commercial banana varieties are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, as well as bacterial path... more Commercial banana varieties are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, as well as bacterial pathogens, nematodes, viruses, and insect pests. The largest known family of plant resistance genes encodes proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Conserved motifs in such genes in diverse plant species offer a means for the isolation of candidate genes in banana that may be involved in plant defense. Six degenerate PCR primers were designed to target NBS and additional domains were tested on commercial banana species Musa acuminata subsp malaccensis and the Musa AAB Group propagated in vitro and plants maintained in a greenhouse. Total DNA was isolated by a modified CTAB extraction technique. Four resistance gene analogs were amplified and deposited in GenBank and assigned numbers HQ199833-HQ199836. The predicted amino acid sequences compared to the amino acid sequences of known resistance genes (MRGL1, MRGL2, MRGL3, and MRGL4) revealed significant sequence similarity. The presence of consensus domains, namely kinase-1a, kinase-2 and hydrophobic domain, provided evidence that the cloned sequences belong to the typical non-Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like domain NBS-LRR gene family.
Go to AGRIS search. Try it! Bibliography of cultivated amaranths (1990). Germplasm: distribution,... more Go to AGRIS search. Try it! Bibliography of cultivated amaranths (1990). Germplasm: distribution, taxonomy, genetics, and breeding, 1848 to 1988 : 422 citations with abstracts. Mallory, E. Corporate author, Rodale Research Center. Publisher, The Center, Kutztown, Pa. (USA). Date of publication, 1990. AGRIS Categories, ...
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