An experiment was carried out at the University Research Farm, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (JK K... more An experiment was carried out at the University Research Farm, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (JK K2: split 50:50; K3: split 25:75] and 5 of nitrogen (N) @ 120 kg ha-1 [N1: 50:25:25 (RFD); N2: 25:75, N3: 25:50:25, N4:50:50 and N5: 0:75:25]. Using K in equal splits (basal + active tillering) increased grain yield by 10.6 and 11.6 percent, straw yield by 11.6 and 13.4 percent, K uptake by 17.2 and 18.8 percent, and N uptake by 16.4 and 17.2 percent, respectively, over RFP in 2013-14 and 2014-15. The available K decreased steadily with the recommended application but remained constant when applied in split doses. The N management plays a key role in improving crop growth, environmental safety and economics of crop production. The available N in soil remained constant with RFP; however, it decreased when K was applied in splits. During both years, N application in 25:50:25 ratios (basal + active tillering + booting) increased grain yield, straw yield, and total K and N uptake. Furthermore, K and N content in soil decreased when N was applied in three splits as opposed to two splits, where it remained constant after harvest of the second year crop. This suggests that an increase in N dose may be required to maintain soil N status.
Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four succe... more Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four successive years of 2018, 2019, 2020and 2021on the farmers field. The farmers were selected from different villages of the district Budgam. The variety SR-4 was used in the demonstrated plots atfarmers’ field where different field operations were carried out according to the package of practices of SKUAST-K. During the FLD programme the average seed yield of SR-4 during the four years was 85q/hain demonstrated fields as compared to50.5q/ha seed obtained from the local check (China-1039).The average technology gap over the four years was found to be 2.08q/ha and extension gap 34.56q/ha. The average technology index was 3.18 per cent. Higher gross returns (Rs. 1,30,013 ha-1), net returns (89,637.5 ha-1) with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.22 were found in demonstrated fields as compared to 1.38 in case of local check. The higher yield is attributed to the introduction of newly released SKUAST K high...
As a novel coronavirus now known as SARS-COV-2 first reported in Wuhan china in late December 201... more As a novel coronavirus now known as SARS-COV-2 first reported in Wuhan china in late December 2019, the severe corona respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) is responsible for an acute human respiratory syndrome and is linked to Wuhan wholesale sea food market. The virus spread rapidly involving who country and with span of three months WHO had to declare it as pandemic. Although its origins are not entirely understood, these genomic analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 probably evolved from a strain found in bats. SARS-COV-2 is zoonotic but human-to-human transmission is also possible. Surveillance and phylogenetic researches indicate SARS-CoV-2 to be closely associated with bats’ corona viruses, suggesting bats as reservoirs, although unconfirmed. With no vaccine currently available for SARS-COV-2 nor approved prophylactics, its global spread to over 150 countries with high virulence highlights its role as ongoing public health threat. An articulated action plan ought to be taken, preferably...
Seventy five percent samples from repeat breeder cows were positive for bacterial isolates with s... more Seventy five percent samples from repeat breeder cows were positive for bacterial isolates with single organism in 76.67% (46) and mixed infections in 23.33% (14) samples. Staphylococcus spp. was predominant 16 (21.05%) isolates followed by E. coli 14 (18.42%), Bacillus spp. 10 (13.16%), Corynebacterium spp. 10 (13.16 %), Pseudomonas spp. 8 (10.53%), Proteus spp. 8 (10.53%), Klebsiella spp. 6 (7.89%) and Streptococcus spp. 4 (5.26%). Levofloxacin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial with 90.79 % sensitivity followed by Gentamicin (85.53%), Enrofloxacin (73.68%), Neomycin (72.39%), Ciprofloxacin (71.05%), Oxytetracycline (71.05%), Ofloxacin (71.05%), Ceftriaxone (67.11%) and Ampicillin/ Cloxacillin (38.16%). The animals were treated based on AST with Levofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin and untreated control group revealed conception rate of 93.33, 80.00, 73.33 and 20.00% respectively. Keywords: Antibiogram; cows; conception rate; microbial profile; repeat breeder.
To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tet... more To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) from food-borne and standard strains of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). A PCR was carried out to detect the tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) in food-borne B. cereus strains and the amplified products were sequenced. The phenotypic resistance against tetracycline was observed in 39 of the 118 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307) of B. cereus. Among the phenotypically resistant isolates, tetA was detected in 36 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307), whereas, tetB was detected in 12 food-borne isolates and MTCC 1307 strain. A close association was therefore found between phenotypic resistance against tetracycline and presence of tetracycline resistance genes. The tetA and tetB gene fragments were amplified, purified and sequenced. The gene sequences of the isolates studied herein were found similar to tetA and tetB gene sequences of other bacteria available in NCBI. The occurrence of tetA and tetB genes in B. cereus indicate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from other bacteria into B. cereus. The transfer of these resistant determinants to other potentially pathogenic bacteria may be a matter of great concern.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Sep 1, 2012
To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tet... more To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) from food-borne and standard strains of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). A PCR was carried out to detect the tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) in food-borne B. cereus strains and the amplified products were sequenced. The phenotypic resistance against tetracycline was observed in 39 of the 118 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307) of B. cereus. Among the phenotypically resistant isolates, tetA was detected in 36 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307), whereas, tetB was detected in 12 food-borne isolates and MTCC 1307 strain. A close association was therefore found between phenotypic resistance against tetracycline and presence of tetracycline resistance genes. The tetA and tetB gene fragments were amplified, purified and sequenced. The gene sequences of the isolates studied herein were found similar to tetA and tetB gene sequences of other bacteria available in NCBI. The occurrence of tetA and tetB genes in B. cereus indicate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from other bacteria into B. cereus. The transfer of these resistant determinants to other potentially pathogenic bacteria may be a matter of great concern.
An experiment was carried out at the University Research Farm, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (JK K... more An experiment was carried out at the University Research Farm, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (JK K2: split 50:50; K3: split 25:75] and 5 of nitrogen (N) @ 120 kg ha-1 [N1: 50:25:25 (RFD); N2: 25:75, N3: 25:50:25, N4:50:50 and N5: 0:75:25]. Using K in equal splits (basal + active tillering) increased grain yield by 10.6 and 11.6 percent, straw yield by 11.6 and 13.4 percent, K uptake by 17.2 and 18.8 percent, and N uptake by 16.4 and 17.2 percent, respectively, over RFP in 2013-14 and 2014-15. The available K decreased steadily with the recommended application but remained constant when applied in split doses. The N management plays a key role in improving crop growth, environmental safety and economics of crop production. The available N in soil remained constant with RFP; however, it decreased when K was applied in splits. During both years, N application in 25:50:25 ratios (basal + active tillering + booting) increased grain yield, straw yield, and total K and N uptake. Furthermore, K and N content in soil decreased when N was applied in three splits as opposed to two splits, where it remained constant after harvest of the second year crop. This suggests that an increase in N dose may be required to maintain soil N status.
Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four succe... more Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four successive years of 2018, 2019, 2020and 2021on the farmers field. The farmers were selected from different villages of the district Budgam. The variety SR-4 was used in the demonstrated plots atfarmers’ field where different field operations were carried out according to the package of practices of SKUAST-K. During the FLD programme the average seed yield of SR-4 during the four years was 85q/hain demonstrated fields as compared to50.5q/ha seed obtained from the local check (China-1039).The average technology gap over the four years was found to be 2.08q/ha and extension gap 34.56q/ha. The average technology index was 3.18 per cent. Higher gross returns (Rs. 1,30,013 ha-1), net returns (89,637.5 ha-1) with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.22 were found in demonstrated fields as compared to 1.38 in case of local check. The higher yield is attributed to the introduction of newly released SKUAST K high...
As a novel coronavirus now known as SARS-COV-2 first reported in Wuhan china in late December 201... more As a novel coronavirus now known as SARS-COV-2 first reported in Wuhan china in late December 2019, the severe corona respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) is responsible for an acute human respiratory syndrome and is linked to Wuhan wholesale sea food market. The virus spread rapidly involving who country and with span of three months WHO had to declare it as pandemic. Although its origins are not entirely understood, these genomic analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 probably evolved from a strain found in bats. SARS-COV-2 is zoonotic but human-to-human transmission is also possible. Surveillance and phylogenetic researches indicate SARS-CoV-2 to be closely associated with bats’ corona viruses, suggesting bats as reservoirs, although unconfirmed. With no vaccine currently available for SARS-COV-2 nor approved prophylactics, its global spread to over 150 countries with high virulence highlights its role as ongoing public health threat. An articulated action plan ought to be taken, preferably...
Seventy five percent samples from repeat breeder cows were positive for bacterial isolates with s... more Seventy five percent samples from repeat breeder cows were positive for bacterial isolates with single organism in 76.67% (46) and mixed infections in 23.33% (14) samples. Staphylococcus spp. was predominant 16 (21.05%) isolates followed by E. coli 14 (18.42%), Bacillus spp. 10 (13.16%), Corynebacterium spp. 10 (13.16 %), Pseudomonas spp. 8 (10.53%), Proteus spp. 8 (10.53%), Klebsiella spp. 6 (7.89%) and Streptococcus spp. 4 (5.26%). Levofloxacin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial with 90.79 % sensitivity followed by Gentamicin (85.53%), Enrofloxacin (73.68%), Neomycin (72.39%), Ciprofloxacin (71.05%), Oxytetracycline (71.05%), Ofloxacin (71.05%), Ceftriaxone (67.11%) and Ampicillin/ Cloxacillin (38.16%). The animals were treated based on AST with Levofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin and untreated control group revealed conception rate of 93.33, 80.00, 73.33 and 20.00% respectively. Keywords: Antibiogram; cows; conception rate; microbial profile; repeat breeder.
To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tet... more To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) from food-borne and standard strains of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). A PCR was carried out to detect the tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) in food-borne B. cereus strains and the amplified products were sequenced. The phenotypic resistance against tetracycline was observed in 39 of the 118 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307) of B. cereus. Among the phenotypically resistant isolates, tetA was detected in 36 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307), whereas, tetB was detected in 12 food-borne isolates and MTCC 1307 strain. A close association was therefore found between phenotypic resistance against tetracycline and presence of tetracycline resistance genes. The tetA and tetB gene fragments were amplified, purified and sequenced. The gene sequences of the isolates studied herein were found similar to tetA and tetB gene sequences of other bacteria available in NCBI. The occurrence of tetA and tetB genes in B. cereus indicate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from other bacteria into B. cereus. The transfer of these resistant determinants to other potentially pathogenic bacteria may be a matter of great concern.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Sep 1, 2012
To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tet... more To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) from food-borne and standard strains of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). A PCR was carried out to detect the tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) in food-borne B. cereus strains and the amplified products were sequenced. The phenotypic resistance against tetracycline was observed in 39 of the 118 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307) of B. cereus. Among the phenotypically resistant isolates, tetA was detected in 36 food-borne isolates and two reference strains (MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307), whereas, tetB was detected in 12 food-borne isolates and MTCC 1307 strain. A close association was therefore found between phenotypic resistance against tetracycline and presence of tetracycline resistance genes. The tetA and tetB gene fragments were amplified, purified and sequenced. The gene sequences of the isolates studied herein were found similar to tetA and tetB gene sequences of other bacteria available in NCBI. The occurrence of tetA and tetB genes in B. cereus indicate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from other bacteria into B. cereus. The transfer of these resistant determinants to other potentially pathogenic bacteria may be a matter of great concern.
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