Le profil démographique des écoles francophones dans les provinces anglophones du Canada s’est pr... more Le profil démographique des écoles francophones dans les provinces anglophones du Canada s’est profondément modifié. Ces écoles accueillent désormais une population diverse, aux origines linguistiques et culturelles diversement ancrées. L’article 23 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés garantit le droit à l’éducation en français aux enfants dont au moins l’un des parents (ou un membre de la fratrie) a reçu son instruction dans cette même langue. La récente arrivée à Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique (C.-B.), de familles originaires de différents pays du continent africain en bouleverse le paysage scolaire. Cette étude exploratoire dresse le portrait démographique des nouveaux arrivants africains francophones et documente l’incidence de l’arrivée d’élèves originaires d’Afrique sub-saharienne dans plusieurs écoles du Conseil scolaire francophone du Grand Vancouver, ce qui permet d’évaluer les besoins des parents, des élèves et des différents partenaires d’éducation. L’étude...
The objective of this exploratory study is to describe the nature of the definitions of health li... more The objective of this exploratory study is to describe the nature of the definitions of health literacy and health education with the intention of contributing to the development of common semantics to enable professionals to exchange knowledge with less confusion. The methodology consisted of conducting a literature review of francophone databases using the following key words: literacy and education combined with the word health. The second phase of this research involved reading 126 articles found in francophone databases and collected from the Internet. The third included reading 14 documents focused on the relationship between literacy/education and health with the aim of defining each word and identifying their characteristics. The results show that francophone authors from North America used both terms, health literacy and health education, interchangeably; while European authors only refer to health education. Nonetheless, the analysis revealed that both terms have the same ...
This paper presents a literature review on trauma in children/adolescents with a specific focus o... more This paper presents a literature review on trauma in children/adolescents with a specific focus on Third World countries. We reviewed the literature starting from 1990 to 2003 using electronic bibliographic databases. Results indicate that out of the 306 references selected for the review, 32 studies were conducted on children/adolescents in African countries compared to 67 studies in Asian countries, 61 in Middle Eastern countries, 46 in Latin American countries and 53 in Eastern European countries. The few promising studies on PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in Africa have mostly been conducted in African-English-speaking countries, implying a need for research on PTSD in Francophone countries. Findings also show that existing literature on African children/adolescents is largely focussed on PTSD in relation to stressors such as war and political violence. Future research should be extended to include the impact of different types of traumatic events such as natural disasters, confinement in refugee camps, massive internal displacement, sexual abuse and mass killing on African children/adolescents to expand the knowledge base in this area. In addition, more work is needed to understand the effects of culture, gender, age and ethnicity on trauma in children/adolescents to allow for better provision of health services.
This study focuses on post-traumatic reactions of children and adolescents in the Democratic Repu... more This study focuses on post-traumatic reactions of children and adolescents in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study was conducted in Butembo between April 2001 and May 2001 during the ongoing war that started on 2 August 1999. Semi-structured interviews combining a mix of open- and closed-ended questions were used to collect data from 88 children (44 girls and 44 boys) and 91 schoolteachers (40 women and 51 men) in 24 elementary and 20 secondary schools. The results show that both children and adolescents, and schoolteachers, are traumatised by war-related traumatic events such as shooting, loss of family members and forced recruitment into the armed forces. For example, 72.59% children and adolescents said they had lost a family member, 95.45% had experienced shooting, and 75% reported high levels of insecurity leading to a decline in school performance. The research suggests that international agencies devoted to protecting young people should provide assistance even during war, because the cost of healing may be too high if action is only taken later. Special attention should be given to teachers, arming them with skills that will equip them in supporting traumatised children.
An abundant literature has been produced about immigrant children and youth education but none ha... more An abundant literature has been produced about immigrant children and youth education but none has provided a comprehensive definition of immigrant children and youth’s school integration. In addition, there is no an operational guide of working with immigrant children and youth considering what we believe are the critical aspects of their social, cultural, psychological and academic school integration. This guide is entrenched in a five-year of experience of community-university partnership. The Francophone School District approached the university to help it understand and provide guidance on how to better work with a growing number of immigrant children and youth arriving from African Francophone countries. The methodology consists of a review of the literature on school adjustment of immigrant children and youth, the results of research findings from interviews with students, parents and community workers. The guide leads to recommendations and policy implications.
L’immigration totale est le plus puissant moyen de se libérer des maux qui accablent des milliers... more L’immigration totale est le plus puissant moyen de se libérer des maux qui accablent des milliers de personnes partout dans le monde. Seuls les femmes et les hommes qui refuseraient de partir des lieux qui les asservissent seront responsables de leur misère.
Objective: This research was conducted in Butembo City (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo - DR... more Objective: This research was conducted in Butembo City (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo - DRC) in 2002 with the objective to understand the perceptions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) on their reintegration in their communities. Method: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data on a sample of 10 local officials and 50 IDPs. Results: 54% of IDPs interviewed indicated that they saw soldiers killing people; 78% witnessed torture; 46% saw soldiers raping women and 78% indicated that they saw soldiers burning houses. Results also indicated that IDPs’ needs varied according to their origin. For example, 100% of IDPs from North wanted financial help to get their child back to school against 60% for IDPs from South; IDPs from North considered important getting access to land as a strategy of community integration in opposition to only 37% for those from South. Only 52% of IDPs from South of Lubero declared that they wanted to run small business against 76% and 70% for those from the Centre and North. The involvement of traditional leaders in the reinsertion process was considered critical for community reintegration. 90% of local authorities wanted local experts to be involved in displacement and peace building activities and highlighted the importance of traditional chiefs. Conclusion: Bearing in mind the incidence of rape, we recommend that women should get additional support to treat their trauma. We also recommend further research on IDPs in the DRC to fully understand their perceptions about the conditions of their successful community integration.
Objectif : Ce travail exploratoire a comme objectif d’identifier les perceptions des enfants sold... more Objectif : Ce travail exploratoire a comme objectif d’identifier les perceptions des enfants soldats sur les conditions de leur retour dans leur communauté dans le but de fournir un outil de travail au gouvernement congolais et aux agences humanitaires internationales chargées d’aider les enfants soldats. Méthode : Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été conduites en 2001 sur un échantillon de 18 enfants soldats (14 garçons et 4 filles). Leur âge variait entre 10 et 17 ans. Résultats : Les enfants soldats ont répondu à 88,9% qu’ils voulaient de l’aide financière pour retourner à l’école. Ils ont répondu à 83,3% qu’ils ne rentreraient à la maison que si leurs parents venaient les récupérer et à 38,9% si cela leur était demandé par leurs chefs coutumiers. Les résultats montrent que la majorité d’entre eux sont entrés volontairement dans les groupes armés soit à 88,8% et 100% ont affirmé avoir participé aux opérations de combat. Conclusion : Nous suggérons qu’une attention particulière devrait être portée aux traumatismes des enfants soldats et que des recherches plus poussées sont nécessaires pour connaître les meilleurs moyens de réinsérer ces derniers dans leur communauté.
Le profil démographique des écoles francophones dans les provinces anglophones du Canada s’est pr... more Le profil démographique des écoles francophones dans les provinces anglophones du Canada s’est profondément modifié. Ces écoles accueillent désormais une population diverse, aux origines linguistiques et culturelles diversement ancrées. L’article 23 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés garantit le droit à l’éducation en français aux enfants dont au moins l’un des parents (ou un membre de la fratrie) a reçu son instruction dans cette même langue. La récente arrivée à Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique (C.-B.), de familles originaires de différents pays du continent africain en bouleverse le paysage scolaire. Cette étude exploratoire dresse le portrait démographique des nouveaux arrivants africains francophones et documente l’incidence de l’arrivée d’élèves originaires d’Afrique sub-saharienne dans plusieurs écoles du Conseil scolaire francophone du Grand Vancouver, ce qui permet d’évaluer les besoins des parents, des élèves et des différents partenaires d’éducation. L’étude...
The objective of this exploratory study is to describe the nature of the definitions of health li... more The objective of this exploratory study is to describe the nature of the definitions of health literacy and health education with the intention of contributing to the development of common semantics to enable professionals to exchange knowledge with less confusion. The methodology consisted of conducting a literature review of francophone databases using the following key words: literacy and education combined with the word health. The second phase of this research involved reading 126 articles found in francophone databases and collected from the Internet. The third included reading 14 documents focused on the relationship between literacy/education and health with the aim of defining each word and identifying their characteristics. The results show that francophone authors from North America used both terms, health literacy and health education, interchangeably; while European authors only refer to health education. Nonetheless, the analysis revealed that both terms have the same ...
This paper presents a literature review on trauma in children/adolescents with a specific focus o... more This paper presents a literature review on trauma in children/adolescents with a specific focus on Third World countries. We reviewed the literature starting from 1990 to 2003 using electronic bibliographic databases. Results indicate that out of the 306 references selected for the review, 32 studies were conducted on children/adolescents in African countries compared to 67 studies in Asian countries, 61 in Middle Eastern countries, 46 in Latin American countries and 53 in Eastern European countries. The few promising studies on PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in Africa have mostly been conducted in African-English-speaking countries, implying a need for research on PTSD in Francophone countries. Findings also show that existing literature on African children/adolescents is largely focussed on PTSD in relation to stressors such as war and political violence. Future research should be extended to include the impact of different types of traumatic events such as natural disasters, confinement in refugee camps, massive internal displacement, sexual abuse and mass killing on African children/adolescents to expand the knowledge base in this area. In addition, more work is needed to understand the effects of culture, gender, age and ethnicity on trauma in children/adolescents to allow for better provision of health services.
This study focuses on post-traumatic reactions of children and adolescents in the Democratic Repu... more This study focuses on post-traumatic reactions of children and adolescents in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study was conducted in Butembo between April 2001 and May 2001 during the ongoing war that started on 2 August 1999. Semi-structured interviews combining a mix of open- and closed-ended questions were used to collect data from 88 children (44 girls and 44 boys) and 91 schoolteachers (40 women and 51 men) in 24 elementary and 20 secondary schools. The results show that both children and adolescents, and schoolteachers, are traumatised by war-related traumatic events such as shooting, loss of family members and forced recruitment into the armed forces. For example, 72.59% children and adolescents said they had lost a family member, 95.45% had experienced shooting, and 75% reported high levels of insecurity leading to a decline in school performance. The research suggests that international agencies devoted to protecting young people should provide assistance even during war, because the cost of healing may be too high if action is only taken later. Special attention should be given to teachers, arming them with skills that will equip them in supporting traumatised children.
An abundant literature has been produced about immigrant children and youth education but none ha... more An abundant literature has been produced about immigrant children and youth education but none has provided a comprehensive definition of immigrant children and youth’s school integration. In addition, there is no an operational guide of working with immigrant children and youth considering what we believe are the critical aspects of their social, cultural, psychological and academic school integration. This guide is entrenched in a five-year of experience of community-university partnership. The Francophone School District approached the university to help it understand and provide guidance on how to better work with a growing number of immigrant children and youth arriving from African Francophone countries. The methodology consists of a review of the literature on school adjustment of immigrant children and youth, the results of research findings from interviews with students, parents and community workers. The guide leads to recommendations and policy implications.
L’immigration totale est le plus puissant moyen de se libérer des maux qui accablent des milliers... more L’immigration totale est le plus puissant moyen de se libérer des maux qui accablent des milliers de personnes partout dans le monde. Seuls les femmes et les hommes qui refuseraient de partir des lieux qui les asservissent seront responsables de leur misère.
Objective: This research was conducted in Butembo City (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo - DR... more Objective: This research was conducted in Butembo City (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo - DRC) in 2002 with the objective to understand the perceptions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) on their reintegration in their communities. Method: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data on a sample of 10 local officials and 50 IDPs. Results: 54% of IDPs interviewed indicated that they saw soldiers killing people; 78% witnessed torture; 46% saw soldiers raping women and 78% indicated that they saw soldiers burning houses. Results also indicated that IDPs’ needs varied according to their origin. For example, 100% of IDPs from North wanted financial help to get their child back to school against 60% for IDPs from South; IDPs from North considered important getting access to land as a strategy of community integration in opposition to only 37% for those from South. Only 52% of IDPs from South of Lubero declared that they wanted to run small business against 76% and 70% for those from the Centre and North. The involvement of traditional leaders in the reinsertion process was considered critical for community reintegration. 90% of local authorities wanted local experts to be involved in displacement and peace building activities and highlighted the importance of traditional chiefs. Conclusion: Bearing in mind the incidence of rape, we recommend that women should get additional support to treat their trauma. We also recommend further research on IDPs in the DRC to fully understand their perceptions about the conditions of their successful community integration.
Objectif : Ce travail exploratoire a comme objectif d’identifier les perceptions des enfants sold... more Objectif : Ce travail exploratoire a comme objectif d’identifier les perceptions des enfants soldats sur les conditions de leur retour dans leur communauté dans le but de fournir un outil de travail au gouvernement congolais et aux agences humanitaires internationales chargées d’aider les enfants soldats. Méthode : Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été conduites en 2001 sur un échantillon de 18 enfants soldats (14 garçons et 4 filles). Leur âge variait entre 10 et 17 ans. Résultats : Les enfants soldats ont répondu à 88,9% qu’ils voulaient de l’aide financière pour retourner à l’école. Ils ont répondu à 83,3% qu’ils ne rentreraient à la maison que si leurs parents venaient les récupérer et à 38,9% si cela leur était demandé par leurs chefs coutumiers. Les résultats montrent que la majorité d’entre eux sont entrés volontairement dans les groupes armés soit à 88,8% et 100% ont affirmé avoir participé aux opérations de combat. Conclusion : Nous suggérons qu’une attention particulière devrait être portée aux traumatismes des enfants soldats et que des recherches plus poussées sont nécessaires pour connaître les meilleurs moyens de réinsérer ces derniers dans leur communauté.
Dans ce travail, nous essayons de répondre â une question
fondamentale : L'acquisition des servic... more Dans ce travail, nous essayons de répondre â une question fondamentale : L'acquisition des services technologiques saisie comme étant des réseaux d'innovation u a-t-elle une incidence sur la performance des entreprises? La théorie de l'innovation pose des postulats qui portent à croire que les entreprises insérées dans des réseaux dg innovation augmentent leur performance. Par une approche descriptive et quantitative, nous avons tenté de connaître les incidences de ces réseaux d'innovation sur les taux de croissance des ventes et d'exportation. Les résultats de notre recherche portant sur l'incidence de l'acquisition des services technologiques sur la performaace des entreprises ne nous permettent de valider que partiellement ces postulats. Les réseaux d'innovation ne sont pas, dans tous les cas, corrélés avec la performance de l'entreprise. Ce qui nous porte à croire qu'il faut relativiser certains postulats que véhicule la théorie de l'innovation et peut-être même souligner les limites de la quantification pour saisir ce phénomène complexe qu'est celui des réseau d'innovation. Les incidences des réseaux d'innovation seraient-elles indirectes? En d'autres termes, les réseaux d'innovation sont-ils médiatisés par des capacités internes à l'entreprise qui conditionneraient la perfolmance? De quelle façon pourrions-nous les mesurer autrement? Autant de questions qui restent sans réponse au terme de ce travail.
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fondamentale : L'acquisition des services technologiques saisie
comme étant des réseaux d'innovation u a-t-elle une incidence
sur la performance des entreprises? La théorie de l'innovation pose des postulats qui portent à croire que les entreprises insérées dans des réseaux dg innovation augmentent leur performance. Par une approche descriptive et quantitative, nous avons tenté de connaître les incidences de ces réseaux d'innovation sur les taux de croissance des ventes et d'exportation.
Les résultats de notre recherche portant sur l'incidence de
l'acquisition des services technologiques sur la performaace des entreprises ne nous permettent de valider que partiellement ces postulats. Les réseaux d'innovation ne sont pas, dans tous les cas, corrélés avec la performance de l'entreprise. Ce qui nous porte à croire qu'il faut relativiser certains
postulats que véhicule la théorie de l'innovation et peut-être
même souligner les limites de la quantification pour saisir ce
phénomène complexe qu'est celui des réseau d'innovation. Les
incidences des réseaux d'innovation seraient-elles indirectes?
En d'autres termes, les réseaux d'innovation sont-ils médiatisés
par des capacités internes à l'entreprise qui conditionneraient
la perfolmance? De quelle façon pourrions-nous les mesurer
autrement? Autant de questions qui restent sans réponse au terme de ce travail.