In commercial poultry production, there is a lack of natural flora providers since chickens are h... more In commercial poultry production, there is a lack of natural flora providers since chickens are hatched in the clean environment of a hatchery. Events occurring soon after hatching are therefore of particular importance, and that is why we were interested in the development of the gut microbial community, the immune response to natural microbial colonization, and the response to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection as a function of chicken age. The complexity of chicken gut microbiota gradually increased from day 1 to day 19 of life and consisted of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes . For the first 3 days of life, chicken cecum was protected by increased expression of chicken β-defensins (i.e., gallinacins 1, 2, 4, and 6), expression of which dropped from day 4 of life. On the other hand, a transient increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-17 expression could be observed in chicken cecum on day 4 of life, indicating physiological inflammation and maturation of the gut immun...
In this study we investigated the basal expression of chicken IFNγ, IL-18, IL-1β, LITAF, IL-12p35... more In this study we investigated the basal expression of chicken IFNγ, IL-18, IL-1β, LITAF, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, iNOS, IL-17, IL-15, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-22 in the ileum, caecum, colon, liver, spleen, lungs, blood and magnum of hens using real time PCR. We show that IL-18, LITAF and IL-15 were highly expressed in most tissues while IL-6 and IL-17 were usually expressed at a low level. IL-17 and IL-22 were expressed mainly in the lungs and intestinal tract and both subunits of IL-12 were produced in the liver. Unusually high expression of iNOS was observed in the blood which may explain the rapid increase in iNOS at inflamed sites in chickens. The second unexpected expression profile was that of IL-18 and IL-6 in magnum. These two cytokines were highly expressed in magnum in the absence of any infection pointing to an important, though as yet uncharacterised, physiological role in the reproductive tract of hens.
After a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals in the European Union i... more After a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals in the European Union in 2006, an interest in alternative products with antibacterial or anti-inflammatory properties has increased. In this study, we therefore tested the effects of extracts from Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis used as feed additives against cecal inflammation induced by heat stress or Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) infection in chickens. Curcuma extract alone was not enough to decrease gut inflammation induced by heat stress. However, a mixture of Curcuma and Scutellaria extracts used as feed additives decreased gut inflammation induced by heat or S. Enteritidis, decreased S. Enteritidis counts in the cecum but was of no negative effect on BW or humoral immune response. Using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA we found out that supplementation of feed with the 2 plant extracts had no effect on microbiota diversity. However, if the plant extract supplementation was provided to the chickens infected with S. Enteritidis, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, both bacterial genera with known positive effects on gut health were positively selected. The supplementation of chicken feed with extracts from Curcuma and Scutelleria thus may be used in poultry production to effectively decrease gut inflammation and increase chicken performance.
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In commercial poultry production, there is a lack of natural flora providers since chickens are h... more In commercial poultry production, there is a lack of natural flora providers since chickens are hatched in the clean environment of a hatchery. Events occurring soon after hatching are therefore of particular importance, and that is why we were interested in the development of the gut microbial community, the immune response to natural microbial colonization, and the response to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection as a function of chicken age. The complexity of chicken gut microbiota gradually increased from day 1 to day 19 of life and consisted of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes . For the first 3 days of life, chicken cecum was protected by increased expression of chicken β-defensins (i.e., gallinacins 1, 2, 4, and 6), expression of which dropped from day 4 of life. On the other hand, a transient increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-17 expression could be observed in chicken cecum on day 4 of life, indicating physiological inflammation and maturation of the gut immun...
In this study we investigated the basal expression of chicken IFNγ, IL-18, IL-1β, LITAF, IL-12p35... more In this study we investigated the basal expression of chicken IFNγ, IL-18, IL-1β, LITAF, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, iNOS, IL-17, IL-15, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-22 in the ileum, caecum, colon, liver, spleen, lungs, blood and magnum of hens using real time PCR. We show that IL-18, LITAF and IL-15 were highly expressed in most tissues while IL-6 and IL-17 were usually expressed at a low level. IL-17 and IL-22 were expressed mainly in the lungs and intestinal tract and both subunits of IL-12 were produced in the liver. Unusually high expression of iNOS was observed in the blood which may explain the rapid increase in iNOS at inflamed sites in chickens. The second unexpected expression profile was that of IL-18 and IL-6 in magnum. These two cytokines were highly expressed in magnum in the absence of any infection pointing to an important, though as yet uncharacterised, physiological role in the reproductive tract of hens.
After a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals in the European Union i... more After a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals in the European Union in 2006, an interest in alternative products with antibacterial or anti-inflammatory properties has increased. In this study, we therefore tested the effects of extracts from Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis used as feed additives against cecal inflammation induced by heat stress or Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) infection in chickens. Curcuma extract alone was not enough to decrease gut inflammation induced by heat stress. However, a mixture of Curcuma and Scutellaria extracts used as feed additives decreased gut inflammation induced by heat or S. Enteritidis, decreased S. Enteritidis counts in the cecum but was of no negative effect on BW or humoral immune response. Using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA we found out that supplementation of feed with the 2 plant extracts had no effect on microbiota diversity. However, if the plant extract supplementation was provided to the chickens infected with S. Enteritidis, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, both bacterial genera with known positive effects on gut health were positively selected. The supplementation of chicken feed with extracts from Curcuma and Scutelleria thus may be used in poultry production to effectively decrease gut inflammation and increase chicken performance.
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
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Papers by M. Matulova