... The Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol .2 No.2 (2011) 208-221 Solving fuzzy diff... more ... The Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol .2 No.2 (2011) 208-221 Solving fuzzy differential equations by Runge-Kutta method ... Abstract In this paper, we interpret a fuzzy differential equation (FDE) by using the strongly generalized differentiability concept. ...
All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
International Journal of Applied Operational Research - An Open Access Journal, 2019
Since the issue of low diameter in-pipe inspection microrobots is particularly important in micro... more Since the issue of low diameter in-pipe inspection microrobots is particularly important in microrobotics field, in this paper, the results of a study on the various built or designed microrobots are presented. The objective of our paper is the prioritizing of in-pipe microrobots because that is an important tool in medical and industrial applications. This study , which includes 7 types of in-pipe microrobots such as Dielectric, Ionic Polymeric Metal Composite, Electromagnetic, Phase-change actuator, Piezoelectric actuator, Pneumatic actuator and Shape Memory Alloy actuator compares with some criteria such as the consuming power, response time, efficiency, dynamical modeling, producing force and manufacturing. These criteria are provided by specialists in standard organizations. In here, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used for the best mechanisms determination in each field and weight of each criteria and their importance is determined. This study assists the design of ...
Background and aims: During last decades, attention to ergonomic factors has been increased. Nowa... more Background and aims: During last decades, attention to ergonomic factors has been increased. Nowadays, most ergonomic assessors in workstations, assess ergonomic factors, considering either technical requirements or workers needs, both of which can affect the design efficiency. However, it seems an integration model of these two factors can be more effective. Thus this paper aims to present a pattern to assess workplace ergonomy, considering both technical and workers' needs. Methods: Present study is a kind of descriptive model solution studies, which uses a joining method of Kano model and Quality Function Development (QFD) to develop workstation optimal design. A survey was performed among 350 workers at industrial plants to identify problems of ergonomic factors in their work stations. The data were gathered using Kano questionnaire, then clarified and used in the house of Quality matrix. Finally in a joining model, a method is presented which is able to prioritize ergonomic requirements and technical characteristic to an optimal design. Results: The most important factors of workers requirement were safety tools and healthy conditions, such as air pollution and temperature stresses. The most important factore of technical requirement were cost and presence of national valid standards and attention to comfort in during the jobs. Conclusion: Industrial managers should choose optimal strategies concerning their workers requirements and information feedback. Also they should provide their workers with comfort and satisfaction concerning technical needs to gain most profit and less cost.
Today, the issue of the physical and psychological safety of residents of residential buildings a... more Today, the issue of the physical and psychological safety of residents of residential buildings and their impact on the environment are major concerns for residents, builders, and sellers of the construction industry. The design and construction with the Health Safety, Environmental (HSE) approach can influence the direct and indirect costs of the construction industry and is considered an important criterion for pricing at a time of sell. Creating models that can demonstrate the degree of adherence of a building to safety, health, and environmental standards can be effective in the usage as well as the physical and mental comfort of residents using that building. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual model for determining the performance criteria of buildings with the HSE approach. This study was carried out based on the practical purpose of the research as well as on a descriptive-analytic method. In this study, the factors affecting HSE performance were first determined. Then, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was used in a fuzzy environment to measure cause and effect relationships. The findings of the research suggested that among the factors affecting building performance, the safety of the structure is the most influential factor, and the architectural welfare is the most important factor, which itself is in the category of influential factors and is affected by other factors. Creating structures that can assess the performance of a building with the Health Safety, Environmental (HSE) approach can be an important criterion in making decision at the time of designing, constructing, operating, purchasing, and housing for customers and residents of a building. This issue can be considered an indicator in the construction process. Government agencies, the insurer, and pricesetting agent of buildings can also use this model for valuation and rank buildings and defining their premium rates.
International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2017
Green supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organisational philosophy to ach... more Green supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organisational philosophy to achieve corporate profits and market share objectives to reduce environmental risks and improve environmental performance. Due to recent changes in environmental requirements, development and deployment of GSCM becomes more and more evident. Currently, many organisations integrate environmental enforcement activities in their strategic plans for competitiveness and define numerous activities and actions that have less environmental effect. This study first characterises enforcement activities of the GSCM; then, it examines effectiveness of GSCM activities on cost, quality and productivity of manufacturers using structural equation model in a case study in the glass industry and tests the relationships between elements of the model.
Background and aims: Risk assessment is one of the most important issues in making safety industr... more Background and aims: Risk assessment is one of the most important issues in making safety industrial environments. Motor vehicle industries are one of the most unsafe industries that have many annual accidents. One of the most problems in the process of risk assessment is judgment about the effect of parameters of risk. The aim of the study is, safety risk assessment in motor vehicle industries by William Fine and ANP-DEMATEL. Methods: In this study, safety risk of the one of the bigest motor vehicle industries was assessed by William Fine. Then, the weight of parameter of risk was determined by ANPDEMATEL. Then, the result was combined by William fine. In the final stage the industrial was assessed with the obtain pattern again. Results: The result was showed, that by using William Fine method, the highest priority risks was the iron bath-cleaning unit (312) and steel structure (300). The results of combined William fine and ANP-DEMATEL pattern, the highest priority risk was the ir...
Differential advantage can gained in various ways including market segmentation, strong distribut... more Differential advantage can gained in various ways including market segmentation, strong distribution channels, product or service offering, selling approach, geographic location and manufacturing expertise. Finding a differential advantage in the market place is a major management challenge requiring both creative and analytical skills. This paper has dealt with the importance degree calculation of the four main factors which are considered by a property-liability insurance policy buyer in selecting insurer by Analytic Network Process (ANP). These factors include: availability of coverage, cost of coverage, financial stability of insurer, quality and quantity of service offered. As these factors are all interrelated so we utilized ANP model to prioritize them and help decision makers how to allocate their resources in order to increase their market share. In this research we synthesized property and liability insurance buyers' views with experts' perceptions. So providing an...
Introduction: Biorhythm is one of the newest subject in the field of cognition of mental ergonomi... more Introduction: Biorhythm is one of the newest subject in the field of cognition of mental ergonomics which can be very effective in reduction of work-related accidents or mistakes with no apparent reason. . Material and Method: This research is a cross-sectional, retrospective, practical and analytical-descriptive study. Delijan cement production company during 2010-2011. Census method was applied and totally 79 accidents (total of the accidents) were investigated. The required information was collected from available documents in HSE unit of the company biorhythm charts were drawn based on a dates of accidents and participants birthdays, using Natural Biorhythm Software V3.02. Human errors were classified according to reason model and were analyzed by SPSS-W software. . Result: The results of analysis showed that 40% of accidents have been accrued in usual days and the other 60% in critical days of biorhythm cycle. Regarding errors leading to accidents, it was observed that 95% of a...
Background and aims: In today's business world, managers use outsourcing strategy as tool to ... more Background and aims: In today's business world, managers use outsourcing strategy as tool to establish competitive advantage and business capabilities in order to subcontract some activities and tasks to qualified contractors. Selecting the fittest contractor from qualified contractors can prevents waste of resource and keeps organizational resource. With regard to complexities, risks and conditions of oil industry, one of main criteria to select contractor in this industry is safety. In addition to such criteria as affordability, experience, specialized human resource, etc., the contractor should have acceptable health and safety executive (HSE) and appropriate performance. This study aims to determine contractor selection model by means of combined DEMATEL and ANP methods and grey relational analysis by safety approach. Methods: In this study we want to use combined DEMATEL and ANP methods and grey relational analysis approach in order to rank criteria and to select best contractor (case study in oil industry), while developing conceptual structure, we can minimize qualification and effect of assessor's personal judgment in evaluation process and contractor selection. Results: The results of this study show that main safety indexes to select contractor in oil industry are safety history and investment in safety sections. Conclusion: This matter indicates (a) risks of this industry and (b) effect of safety education and effect of investment (in other sections) on performance of other sections and entire organization.
Introduction: Occupational accidents are of the main issues in industries. It is necessary to ide... more Introduction: Occupational accidents are of the main issues in industries. It is necessary to identify the main root causes of accidents for their control. Several models have been proposed for determining the accidents root causes. FTA is one of the most widely used models which could graphically establish the root causes of accidents. The non-linear function is one of the main challenges in FTA compliance and in order to obtain the exact number, the meta-heuristic algorithms can be used. Material and Method: The present research was done in power plant industries in construction phase. In this study, a pattern for the analysis of human error in work-related accidents was provided by combination of neural network algorithms and FTA analytical model. Finally, using this pattern, the potential rate of all causes was determined. Result: The results showed that training, age, and non-compliance with safety principals in the workplace were the most important factors influencing human er...
Background and aims: Wide spread of power technology over large areas has paved the way of commun... more Background and aims: Wide spread of power technology over large areas has paved the way of communication for countless people including professionals and employees involved in production. Power transmission and power distribution have also provided welfare for industrial and domestic consumers. Working with and utilizing this clean energy should be in such a way that causes no hazards to human's health and well-being. Nonetheless, unexpected events regarding electric shock in which many have died or have permanently been disabled are usually reported. The purpose of the present study was presenting a model for analysing low voltage electric shock based on FTA1 model in fuzzy environment in the electricity distribution industry. Methods: In the current study, the causes of low voltage electrocution were analyzed by collecting data from electricity distribution companies followed by initial and library studies. Afterwards, the causes of low voltage electrocution were determined using FTA method. Regarding this fact that the mentioned model (FTA) is a tree hierarchichal model, fuzzy method was used to assign probability weight to root causes. After determining the causes of incidents using FTA model and after finding the basic events, fuzzy logic was adopted to detrmine the probability of occurence for every event and by assigning probability weight to "and" and "or" gates using probabilistic relationships as well as considering the magnitude of their effects in occurence of the main event, the final result was presented. The results reveal that the probability of occurence of low voltage electrocution in electricity distribution industry is 0.109385454 which is a very high level of risk for the employees involved in this vital industry. Therefore, with respect to detrmination of Minimal Cut Set and by adopting control methods, eliminating this path and its effect on the possibility of electrocution have been analyzed. Conclusion: Reliability in low voltage electrocution stands at 0.890614546. By identifying critical path 1 (A 1.1) and by adopting control measures and eliminating it, reliability will improve to 0.927754258 which is a significant increase.
Introduction: Electrical industries are among high risk industries. The present study aimed to as... more Introduction: Electrical industries are among high risk industries. The present study aimed to assess safety risk in electricity distribution processes using ET&BA technique and also to compare with both VIKOR & TOPSIS methods in fuzzy environments. Material and Method: The present research is a descriptive study and ET&BA worksheet is the main data collection tool. Both Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy VIKOR methods were used for the worksheet analysis.
Noise pollution can be considered as the most important problem of urban environmental management... more Noise pollution can be considered as the most important problem of urban environmental management in mega metropolises and urban transportation is the main source of the mentioned problem. This study aims to investigate the amount of traffic noise dose received by traffic policemen in Tehran; District 1 Municipality. The investigation was conducted during three consecutive months in 2007 in 282 locations of the main streets of studied district which are known for its heavy traffic, as well as population flow. In order to measure the noise volume, pre-calibrated Cell -450 and Quest -2900 sound level meters were used. Regarding to noise dosimeter, 158 cases were measured using a dosimeter Cell-320. For this purpose, L eq , L 10 , L max and L min indicators were used. The results showed that the L eq average during peak traffic load hours and in the least traffic conditions was 77.2 ± 2.1 and 64.5 ± 2.2 dB, respectively which were higher than the acceptable levels (55dB). Moreover, the statistical results showed the significant differences between light and heavy traffic conditions and also the direct effect of heavy traffic on noise pollution, also it was shown that vehicles traffic is the main source of the produced noise pollution. The study created a related questionnaire which evaluated the traffic policemen behavior from them and their relative's point of views. The results showed that noise pollution has damaging effects on their behavioral conditions and also, on their personal assessment. The policemen believed their psychological disorders and their relative had also the same opinion. This study attempted to show that noise pollution in metropolises such as Tehran is a serious problem and it is should be treated as a top priority in the urban environmental management in order to reduce noise pollution.
Disasters are one of the most important challenges which must be considered by every management s... more Disasters are one of the most important challenges which must be considered by every management system. Higher education centers have high disaster risk because of their risk factors (existence of historical and scientific documents and resources and expensive laboratory equipment in these centers emphasizes the importance of disaster management). Moreover, the existence of young volunteers of human resources in universities urges the necessity of making these people familiar with disaster management rules and responses in emergency conditions. Creating appropriate tools for disaster management assessment makes it correct and precise in higher education systems using the presented conceptual model. The present model was planned so as to cover three phases which exist before, during, and after disaster. Studies were performed in one of the largest higher education centers in Tehran: Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University Campus. Results showed high-risk disasters in t...
... The Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol .2 No.2 (2011) 208-221 Solving fuzzy diff... more ... The Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol .2 No.2 (2011) 208-221 Solving fuzzy differential equations by Runge-Kutta method ... Abstract In this paper, we interpret a fuzzy differential equation (FDE) by using the strongly generalized differentiability concept. ...
All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
International Journal of Applied Operational Research - An Open Access Journal, 2019
Since the issue of low diameter in-pipe inspection microrobots is particularly important in micro... more Since the issue of low diameter in-pipe inspection microrobots is particularly important in microrobotics field, in this paper, the results of a study on the various built or designed microrobots are presented. The objective of our paper is the prioritizing of in-pipe microrobots because that is an important tool in medical and industrial applications. This study , which includes 7 types of in-pipe microrobots such as Dielectric, Ionic Polymeric Metal Composite, Electromagnetic, Phase-change actuator, Piezoelectric actuator, Pneumatic actuator and Shape Memory Alloy actuator compares with some criteria such as the consuming power, response time, efficiency, dynamical modeling, producing force and manufacturing. These criteria are provided by specialists in standard organizations. In here, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used for the best mechanisms determination in each field and weight of each criteria and their importance is determined. This study assists the design of ...
Background and aims: During last decades, attention to ergonomic factors has been increased. Nowa... more Background and aims: During last decades, attention to ergonomic factors has been increased. Nowadays, most ergonomic assessors in workstations, assess ergonomic factors, considering either technical requirements or workers needs, both of which can affect the design efficiency. However, it seems an integration model of these two factors can be more effective. Thus this paper aims to present a pattern to assess workplace ergonomy, considering both technical and workers' needs. Methods: Present study is a kind of descriptive model solution studies, which uses a joining method of Kano model and Quality Function Development (QFD) to develop workstation optimal design. A survey was performed among 350 workers at industrial plants to identify problems of ergonomic factors in their work stations. The data were gathered using Kano questionnaire, then clarified and used in the house of Quality matrix. Finally in a joining model, a method is presented which is able to prioritize ergonomic requirements and technical characteristic to an optimal design. Results: The most important factors of workers requirement were safety tools and healthy conditions, such as air pollution and temperature stresses. The most important factore of technical requirement were cost and presence of national valid standards and attention to comfort in during the jobs. Conclusion: Industrial managers should choose optimal strategies concerning their workers requirements and information feedback. Also they should provide their workers with comfort and satisfaction concerning technical needs to gain most profit and less cost.
Today, the issue of the physical and psychological safety of residents of residential buildings a... more Today, the issue of the physical and psychological safety of residents of residential buildings and their impact on the environment are major concerns for residents, builders, and sellers of the construction industry. The design and construction with the Health Safety, Environmental (HSE) approach can influence the direct and indirect costs of the construction industry and is considered an important criterion for pricing at a time of sell. Creating models that can demonstrate the degree of adherence of a building to safety, health, and environmental standards can be effective in the usage as well as the physical and mental comfort of residents using that building. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual model for determining the performance criteria of buildings with the HSE approach. This study was carried out based on the practical purpose of the research as well as on a descriptive-analytic method. In this study, the factors affecting HSE performance were first determined. Then, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was used in a fuzzy environment to measure cause and effect relationships. The findings of the research suggested that among the factors affecting building performance, the safety of the structure is the most influential factor, and the architectural welfare is the most important factor, which itself is in the category of influential factors and is affected by other factors. Creating structures that can assess the performance of a building with the Health Safety, Environmental (HSE) approach can be an important criterion in making decision at the time of designing, constructing, operating, purchasing, and housing for customers and residents of a building. This issue can be considered an indicator in the construction process. Government agencies, the insurer, and pricesetting agent of buildings can also use this model for valuation and rank buildings and defining their premium rates.
International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2017
Green supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organisational philosophy to ach... more Green supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organisational philosophy to achieve corporate profits and market share objectives to reduce environmental risks and improve environmental performance. Due to recent changes in environmental requirements, development and deployment of GSCM becomes more and more evident. Currently, many organisations integrate environmental enforcement activities in their strategic plans for competitiveness and define numerous activities and actions that have less environmental effect. This study first characterises enforcement activities of the GSCM; then, it examines effectiveness of GSCM activities on cost, quality and productivity of manufacturers using structural equation model in a case study in the glass industry and tests the relationships between elements of the model.
Background and aims: Risk assessment is one of the most important issues in making safety industr... more Background and aims: Risk assessment is one of the most important issues in making safety industrial environments. Motor vehicle industries are one of the most unsafe industries that have many annual accidents. One of the most problems in the process of risk assessment is judgment about the effect of parameters of risk. The aim of the study is, safety risk assessment in motor vehicle industries by William Fine and ANP-DEMATEL. Methods: In this study, safety risk of the one of the bigest motor vehicle industries was assessed by William Fine. Then, the weight of parameter of risk was determined by ANPDEMATEL. Then, the result was combined by William fine. In the final stage the industrial was assessed with the obtain pattern again. Results: The result was showed, that by using William Fine method, the highest priority risks was the iron bath-cleaning unit (312) and steel structure (300). The results of combined William fine and ANP-DEMATEL pattern, the highest priority risk was the ir...
Differential advantage can gained in various ways including market segmentation, strong distribut... more Differential advantage can gained in various ways including market segmentation, strong distribution channels, product or service offering, selling approach, geographic location and manufacturing expertise. Finding a differential advantage in the market place is a major management challenge requiring both creative and analytical skills. This paper has dealt with the importance degree calculation of the four main factors which are considered by a property-liability insurance policy buyer in selecting insurer by Analytic Network Process (ANP). These factors include: availability of coverage, cost of coverage, financial stability of insurer, quality and quantity of service offered. As these factors are all interrelated so we utilized ANP model to prioritize them and help decision makers how to allocate their resources in order to increase their market share. In this research we synthesized property and liability insurance buyers' views with experts' perceptions. So providing an...
Introduction: Biorhythm is one of the newest subject in the field of cognition of mental ergonomi... more Introduction: Biorhythm is one of the newest subject in the field of cognition of mental ergonomics which can be very effective in reduction of work-related accidents or mistakes with no apparent reason. . Material and Method: This research is a cross-sectional, retrospective, practical and analytical-descriptive study. Delijan cement production company during 2010-2011. Census method was applied and totally 79 accidents (total of the accidents) were investigated. The required information was collected from available documents in HSE unit of the company biorhythm charts were drawn based on a dates of accidents and participants birthdays, using Natural Biorhythm Software V3.02. Human errors were classified according to reason model and were analyzed by SPSS-W software. . Result: The results of analysis showed that 40% of accidents have been accrued in usual days and the other 60% in critical days of biorhythm cycle. Regarding errors leading to accidents, it was observed that 95% of a...
Background and aims: In today's business world, managers use outsourcing strategy as tool to ... more Background and aims: In today's business world, managers use outsourcing strategy as tool to establish competitive advantage and business capabilities in order to subcontract some activities and tasks to qualified contractors. Selecting the fittest contractor from qualified contractors can prevents waste of resource and keeps organizational resource. With regard to complexities, risks and conditions of oil industry, one of main criteria to select contractor in this industry is safety. In addition to such criteria as affordability, experience, specialized human resource, etc., the contractor should have acceptable health and safety executive (HSE) and appropriate performance. This study aims to determine contractor selection model by means of combined DEMATEL and ANP methods and grey relational analysis by safety approach. Methods: In this study we want to use combined DEMATEL and ANP methods and grey relational analysis approach in order to rank criteria and to select best contractor (case study in oil industry), while developing conceptual structure, we can minimize qualification and effect of assessor's personal judgment in evaluation process and contractor selection. Results: The results of this study show that main safety indexes to select contractor in oil industry are safety history and investment in safety sections. Conclusion: This matter indicates (a) risks of this industry and (b) effect of safety education and effect of investment (in other sections) on performance of other sections and entire organization.
Introduction: Occupational accidents are of the main issues in industries. It is necessary to ide... more Introduction: Occupational accidents are of the main issues in industries. It is necessary to identify the main root causes of accidents for their control. Several models have been proposed for determining the accidents root causes. FTA is one of the most widely used models which could graphically establish the root causes of accidents. The non-linear function is one of the main challenges in FTA compliance and in order to obtain the exact number, the meta-heuristic algorithms can be used. Material and Method: The present research was done in power plant industries in construction phase. In this study, a pattern for the analysis of human error in work-related accidents was provided by combination of neural network algorithms and FTA analytical model. Finally, using this pattern, the potential rate of all causes was determined. Result: The results showed that training, age, and non-compliance with safety principals in the workplace were the most important factors influencing human er...
Background and aims: Wide spread of power technology over large areas has paved the way of commun... more Background and aims: Wide spread of power technology over large areas has paved the way of communication for countless people including professionals and employees involved in production. Power transmission and power distribution have also provided welfare for industrial and domestic consumers. Working with and utilizing this clean energy should be in such a way that causes no hazards to human's health and well-being. Nonetheless, unexpected events regarding electric shock in which many have died or have permanently been disabled are usually reported. The purpose of the present study was presenting a model for analysing low voltage electric shock based on FTA1 model in fuzzy environment in the electricity distribution industry. Methods: In the current study, the causes of low voltage electrocution were analyzed by collecting data from electricity distribution companies followed by initial and library studies. Afterwards, the causes of low voltage electrocution were determined using FTA method. Regarding this fact that the mentioned model (FTA) is a tree hierarchichal model, fuzzy method was used to assign probability weight to root causes. After determining the causes of incidents using FTA model and after finding the basic events, fuzzy logic was adopted to detrmine the probability of occurence for every event and by assigning probability weight to "and" and "or" gates using probabilistic relationships as well as considering the magnitude of their effects in occurence of the main event, the final result was presented. The results reveal that the probability of occurence of low voltage electrocution in electricity distribution industry is 0.109385454 which is a very high level of risk for the employees involved in this vital industry. Therefore, with respect to detrmination of Minimal Cut Set and by adopting control methods, eliminating this path and its effect on the possibility of electrocution have been analyzed. Conclusion: Reliability in low voltage electrocution stands at 0.890614546. By identifying critical path 1 (A 1.1) and by adopting control measures and eliminating it, reliability will improve to 0.927754258 which is a significant increase.
Introduction: Electrical industries are among high risk industries. The present study aimed to as... more Introduction: Electrical industries are among high risk industries. The present study aimed to assess safety risk in electricity distribution processes using ET&BA technique and also to compare with both VIKOR & TOPSIS methods in fuzzy environments. Material and Method: The present research is a descriptive study and ET&BA worksheet is the main data collection tool. Both Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy VIKOR methods were used for the worksheet analysis.
Noise pollution can be considered as the most important problem of urban environmental management... more Noise pollution can be considered as the most important problem of urban environmental management in mega metropolises and urban transportation is the main source of the mentioned problem. This study aims to investigate the amount of traffic noise dose received by traffic policemen in Tehran; District 1 Municipality. The investigation was conducted during three consecutive months in 2007 in 282 locations of the main streets of studied district which are known for its heavy traffic, as well as population flow. In order to measure the noise volume, pre-calibrated Cell -450 and Quest -2900 sound level meters were used. Regarding to noise dosimeter, 158 cases were measured using a dosimeter Cell-320. For this purpose, L eq , L 10 , L max and L min indicators were used. The results showed that the L eq average during peak traffic load hours and in the least traffic conditions was 77.2 ± 2.1 and 64.5 ± 2.2 dB, respectively which were higher than the acceptable levels (55dB). Moreover, the statistical results showed the significant differences between light and heavy traffic conditions and also the direct effect of heavy traffic on noise pollution, also it was shown that vehicles traffic is the main source of the produced noise pollution. The study created a related questionnaire which evaluated the traffic policemen behavior from them and their relative's point of views. The results showed that noise pollution has damaging effects on their behavioral conditions and also, on their personal assessment. The policemen believed their psychological disorders and their relative had also the same opinion. This study attempted to show that noise pollution in metropolises such as Tehran is a serious problem and it is should be treated as a top priority in the urban environmental management in order to reduce noise pollution.
Disasters are one of the most important challenges which must be considered by every management s... more Disasters are one of the most important challenges which must be considered by every management system. Higher education centers have high disaster risk because of their risk factors (existence of historical and scientific documents and resources and expensive laboratory equipment in these centers emphasizes the importance of disaster management). Moreover, the existence of young volunteers of human resources in universities urges the necessity of making these people familiar with disaster management rules and responses in emergency conditions. Creating appropriate tools for disaster management assessment makes it correct and precise in higher education systems using the presented conceptual model. The present model was planned so as to cover three phases which exist before, during, and after disaster. Studies were performed in one of the largest higher education centers in Tehran: Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University Campus. Results showed high-risk disasters in t...
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