In this investigation, Taguchi technique is used to find optimum process parameters for mechanica... more In this investigation, Taguchi technique is used to find optimum process parameters for mechanical properties of different damping materials like Natural rubber, Nitrile rubber and Neoprene rubber. A L9 orthogonal array, signal-tonoise(S/N) ratio and analysis of variances (ANOVA) are applied with the help of Minitab.v.20.2.0.0 software to study the effect of processing parameters namely accelerator and carbon black content with consideration of mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength and % elongation. The results obtained from the experiments are changed into signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ratio and used to optimize. The ANOVA is performed to identify the importance of parameters.
AA6061 aluminium alloys have a variety of aircraft and automotive applications due to their high ... more AA6061 aluminium alloys have a variety of aircraft and automotive applications due to their high strength and good corrosion resistance. In this paper, Taguchi technique has been used to identify the optimal combination of influential factors in the CNC turning process. Turning experiments was performed on AA6061 material, for various combinations of controllable parameters like speed, feed and depth of cut. The process parameters were optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design of experiments. The surface roughness and MRR were measured and recorded for each experimental run and this data are analyzed for obtaining the optimum controllable parameter combination. Confirmation experiment is conducted for this combination and the result is found to be satisfactory.
Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications, Dec 21, 2017
Bell crank lever is a bar capable of turning about a fixed point, used as a machine to lift the l... more Bell crank lever is a bar capable of turning about a fixed point, used as a machine to lift the load by the application of small effort. Bell crank lever is used in railway signaling, governers of hartnell type, the drive for the air pump of condensers etc. The major stresses induced in the bell crank lever at the fulcrum are bending stress and fulcrum pin is shear stress. The maximum stresses are developed at the fulcrum. The B ell crank is a type of crank that changes motion through an angle. The angle can be any angle from 0 to 360 degrees, but 90 degrees and 180 degrees are most common. Hence, the work deals with the stress analysis of bell crank lever within the angle ranges 90 0 to 180 0 by finite element method using ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5 software and Photoelasticity. Experimental and Analytical results are observed and compared, so that the obtained results are in close agreement with each other. For the photoelastic stress analysis which is the Experimental method, the bell crank lever models are prepared with photoelastic sheet of Araldite hardener HY-951 and curing agent CY-230 is used.
The dynamic characteristics of Natural rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness were investigated... more The dynamic characteristics of Natural rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness were investigated to maximize the damping performance for the temperature range of interest and also the effect of temperature and hardness. For the three materials, viscoelastic properties were performed with DMA test on specimens. The Natural rubber of 60 shore A material showed better dynamic characteristics than those of the 40 and 50 shore A hardness. The results obtained from Dynamic Mechanical Analysis test in the temperature sweep mode are applied in the RKU analysis of two-layer damping system with 30mm thickness and loss factor of damped structures are found.
Photoelasticity entails experimental techniques that use properties of light propagating through ... more Photoelasticity entails experimental techniques that use properties of light propagating through loaded or deformed components to determine and analyze the relative displacements in the material in order to establish their stress and strain fields. Photoelasticity may be applied to models in the laboratory or to prototypes in the field. Thus, it is whole field technique and it gives exact results. Photoelastic methods are used to determine the principal stress and maximum principal stress difference. This paper gives the review of basic concepts of Photoelastic stress analysis. Further applications are discussed.
— Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of the most widely used composite materials. ... more — Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of the most widely used composite materials. The addition of Coal ash to polymer matrix dramatically increases the overall mechanical strength of the composite material as compared to the polymer composite. In view of this, a method is proposed for mixing coal ash powder (size 52-75 µm) into resin and Ash reinforced polymer composites are fabricated by using hand lay-up technique in different weight percentages of coal ash in polymer such as 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16 % and 20%.The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, compression and Impact properties are studied as per ASTM standards. From the Experimental analysis, it was observed 20 % ash reinforced polymer composite is having better tensile strength in comparison with other ash percentages. Similarly 16 % ash reinforced composite is having better flexural strength in comparison with other percentages of ash. Similarly 12 % ash reinforced composite is having better compress...
The unconstrained layer damping is also called as free layer damping. It is formed by applying a ... more The unconstrained layer damping is also called as free layer damping. It is formed by applying a damping material on the surface of a structure. This treatment was used to reduce and control the vibrations and noise in structures. This paper presents a review on unconstrained layer damping treatment on beams using different damping materials. The objective is to present various aspects and relative merits of unconstrained damping treatment use in various cases. The important considerations and application areas of this technique is discussed in this paper.
The design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor systems (LMFBR) requires consideration of elevate... more The design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor systems (LMFBR) requires consideration of elevatedtemperature, time-dependent deformation, since many components will be operating at temperatures in the creep range of the materials of construction. Therefore a suitable method of establishing the stress-strain-time-temperature relationships for these materials is necessary for use in the design of such high temperature components. Although 316 L(N) Stainless Steel is specified by ASME nitrogen in range of 0.1 to 0.16 Wt.%, for Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), nitrogen content is limited to 0.08 Wt. %, in view of improved weld ability, code data availability and for minimizing scatter mechanical properties. For high temperature components operating in creep Range 316L (N) has been favored. Other major advantages of austenitic stainless steel 316L (N) include existence of vast data on mechanical properties including very long term creep data, ease of availability and fabrication a...
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is the world's most popular welding process. In this proces... more Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is the world's most popular welding process. In this process consumable electrode is used for generating arc. The electrode is coated with a shielding flux. The flux melts with the electrode metallic core, forming gas and slag, shielding the arc and the weld pool. The flux cleans the metal surface and protects the molten metal from oxidation and stabilizes the arc. The molten electrode metal then fills the weld gap and joins work pieces. This is the most popular welding process having ability to produce a great variety of welds using variety of metals, welding positions and electrodes. SMAW equipment is simple, portable, inexpensive and suitable for outdoor applications. SMAW is generally used to weld carbon steel, low and high alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, and ductile iron. While less popular for nonferrous materials, it can be used on nickel and copper and their alloys and, in rare cases on aluminium. This paper reviews based on SM...
Metal Inert Gas is a welding process that is widely used for welding a variety of ferrous and non... more Metal Inert Gas is a welding process that is widely used for welding a variety of ferrous and non ferrous materials. The essential feature of the process is the small diameter electrode wire, which is fed continuously into the arc from a coil. As a result, this process can produce quick and neat welds over a wide range of joints. The accuracy and quality of welded joints largely depends upon type of power supply (DCEP), welding speed, type of inert gas used for shielding. This study deals with the investigation of effect of wire feed speed on the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Experiments are conducted on specimens of single V-butt joint having different bevel angles with bevel heights 2 to 3mm. The material selected for preparing the test specimen is MS2062. The strength of the welded joint is tested by a Universal Tensile Testing machine and the results are evaluated along with Rockwell Hardness Test.
Advances in Material Science and Mechanical Engineering, 2021
Damping properties are crucial in determining the dynamic structural response. In this paper, the... more Damping properties are crucial in determining the dynamic structural response. In this paper, the experimental results for Neoprene rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness are reported in view of improving structural damping to control noise and vibrations. Additionally, the system loss factors of the unconstrained layer damped structures of same material were predicted by Ross-Kerwin-Ungar equation to validate the obtained experimental results. The results showed that Neoprene rubber (also known as Polychloroprene) of 60 shore A showed better static and dynamic characteristics than those of the 40 and 50 shore A hardness. The system loss factor results reached the saturation when the applied viscoelastic layer thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm in unconstrained damping. As such, the proposed method can help to build a database of the properties of various materials which are applicable in the design of noise and vibration control.
Abstract The Mechanical and damping properties of Nitrile rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardnes... more Abstract The Mechanical and damping properties of Nitrile rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness were performed with tensile and DMA tests on specimens for the purpose of improving structural damping. The Nitrile rubber of 60 shore A material showed better static and dynamic characteristics than those of the 40 and 50 shore A hardness because of high carbon black content. The results obtained from vibration test carried with free layered surface damping treated samples are agreed with the modal analysis of two-layered damping system in the frequency domain under vibrational excitation using ANSYS Workbench 14.0 software.
In this investigation, Taguchi technique is used to find optimum process parameters for mechanica... more In this investigation, Taguchi technique is used to find optimum process parameters for mechanical properties of different damping materials like Natural rubber, Nitrile rubber and Neoprene rubber. A L9 orthogonal array, signal-tonoise(S/N) ratio and analysis of variances (ANOVA) are applied with the help of Minitab.v.20.2.0.0 software to study the effect of processing parameters namely accelerator and carbon black content with consideration of mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength and % elongation. The results obtained from the experiments are changed into signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ratio and used to optimize. The ANOVA is performed to identify the importance of parameters.
AA6061 aluminium alloys have a variety of aircraft and automotive applications due to their high ... more AA6061 aluminium alloys have a variety of aircraft and automotive applications due to their high strength and good corrosion resistance. In this paper, Taguchi technique has been used to identify the optimal combination of influential factors in the CNC turning process. Turning experiments was performed on AA6061 material, for various combinations of controllable parameters like speed, feed and depth of cut. The process parameters were optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design of experiments. The surface roughness and MRR were measured and recorded for each experimental run and this data are analyzed for obtaining the optimum controllable parameter combination. Confirmation experiment is conducted for this combination and the result is found to be satisfactory.
Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications, Dec 21, 2017
Bell crank lever is a bar capable of turning about a fixed point, used as a machine to lift the l... more Bell crank lever is a bar capable of turning about a fixed point, used as a machine to lift the load by the application of small effort. Bell crank lever is used in railway signaling, governers of hartnell type, the drive for the air pump of condensers etc. The major stresses induced in the bell crank lever at the fulcrum are bending stress and fulcrum pin is shear stress. The maximum stresses are developed at the fulcrum. The B ell crank is a type of crank that changes motion through an angle. The angle can be any angle from 0 to 360 degrees, but 90 degrees and 180 degrees are most common. Hence, the work deals with the stress analysis of bell crank lever within the angle ranges 90 0 to 180 0 by finite element method using ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5 software and Photoelasticity. Experimental and Analytical results are observed and compared, so that the obtained results are in close agreement with each other. For the photoelastic stress analysis which is the Experimental method, the bell crank lever models are prepared with photoelastic sheet of Araldite hardener HY-951 and curing agent CY-230 is used.
The dynamic characteristics of Natural rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness were investigated... more The dynamic characteristics of Natural rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness were investigated to maximize the damping performance for the temperature range of interest and also the effect of temperature and hardness. For the three materials, viscoelastic properties were performed with DMA test on specimens. The Natural rubber of 60 shore A material showed better dynamic characteristics than those of the 40 and 50 shore A hardness. The results obtained from Dynamic Mechanical Analysis test in the temperature sweep mode are applied in the RKU analysis of two-layer damping system with 30mm thickness and loss factor of damped structures are found.
Photoelasticity entails experimental techniques that use properties of light propagating through ... more Photoelasticity entails experimental techniques that use properties of light propagating through loaded or deformed components to determine and analyze the relative displacements in the material in order to establish their stress and strain fields. Photoelasticity may be applied to models in the laboratory or to prototypes in the field. Thus, it is whole field technique and it gives exact results. Photoelastic methods are used to determine the principal stress and maximum principal stress difference. This paper gives the review of basic concepts of Photoelastic stress analysis. Further applications are discussed.
— Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of the most widely used composite materials. ... more — Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of the most widely used composite materials. The addition of Coal ash to polymer matrix dramatically increases the overall mechanical strength of the composite material as compared to the polymer composite. In view of this, a method is proposed for mixing coal ash powder (size 52-75 µm) into resin and Ash reinforced polymer composites are fabricated by using hand lay-up technique in different weight percentages of coal ash in polymer such as 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16 % and 20%.The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, compression and Impact properties are studied as per ASTM standards. From the Experimental analysis, it was observed 20 % ash reinforced polymer composite is having better tensile strength in comparison with other ash percentages. Similarly 16 % ash reinforced composite is having better flexural strength in comparison with other percentages of ash. Similarly 12 % ash reinforced composite is having better compress...
The unconstrained layer damping is also called as free layer damping. It is formed by applying a ... more The unconstrained layer damping is also called as free layer damping. It is formed by applying a damping material on the surface of a structure. This treatment was used to reduce and control the vibrations and noise in structures. This paper presents a review on unconstrained layer damping treatment on beams using different damping materials. The objective is to present various aspects and relative merits of unconstrained damping treatment use in various cases. The important considerations and application areas of this technique is discussed in this paper.
The design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor systems (LMFBR) requires consideration of elevate... more The design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor systems (LMFBR) requires consideration of elevatedtemperature, time-dependent deformation, since many components will be operating at temperatures in the creep range of the materials of construction. Therefore a suitable method of establishing the stress-strain-time-temperature relationships for these materials is necessary for use in the design of such high temperature components. Although 316 L(N) Stainless Steel is specified by ASME nitrogen in range of 0.1 to 0.16 Wt.%, for Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), nitrogen content is limited to 0.08 Wt. %, in view of improved weld ability, code data availability and for minimizing scatter mechanical properties. For high temperature components operating in creep Range 316L (N) has been favored. Other major advantages of austenitic stainless steel 316L (N) include existence of vast data on mechanical properties including very long term creep data, ease of availability and fabrication a...
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is the world's most popular welding process. In this proces... more Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is the world's most popular welding process. In this process consumable electrode is used for generating arc. The electrode is coated with a shielding flux. The flux melts with the electrode metallic core, forming gas and slag, shielding the arc and the weld pool. The flux cleans the metal surface and protects the molten metal from oxidation and stabilizes the arc. The molten electrode metal then fills the weld gap and joins work pieces. This is the most popular welding process having ability to produce a great variety of welds using variety of metals, welding positions and electrodes. SMAW equipment is simple, portable, inexpensive and suitable for outdoor applications. SMAW is generally used to weld carbon steel, low and high alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, and ductile iron. While less popular for nonferrous materials, it can be used on nickel and copper and their alloys and, in rare cases on aluminium. This paper reviews based on SM...
Metal Inert Gas is a welding process that is widely used for welding a variety of ferrous and non... more Metal Inert Gas is a welding process that is widely used for welding a variety of ferrous and non ferrous materials. The essential feature of the process is the small diameter electrode wire, which is fed continuously into the arc from a coil. As a result, this process can produce quick and neat welds over a wide range of joints. The accuracy and quality of welded joints largely depends upon type of power supply (DCEP), welding speed, type of inert gas used for shielding. This study deals with the investigation of effect of wire feed speed on the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Experiments are conducted on specimens of single V-butt joint having different bevel angles with bevel heights 2 to 3mm. The material selected for preparing the test specimen is MS2062. The strength of the welded joint is tested by a Universal Tensile Testing machine and the results are evaluated along with Rockwell Hardness Test.
Advances in Material Science and Mechanical Engineering, 2021
Damping properties are crucial in determining the dynamic structural response. In this paper, the... more Damping properties are crucial in determining the dynamic structural response. In this paper, the experimental results for Neoprene rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness are reported in view of improving structural damping to control noise and vibrations. Additionally, the system loss factors of the unconstrained layer damped structures of same material were predicted by Ross-Kerwin-Ungar equation to validate the obtained experimental results. The results showed that Neoprene rubber (also known as Polychloroprene) of 60 shore A showed better static and dynamic characteristics than those of the 40 and 50 shore A hardness. The system loss factor results reached the saturation when the applied viscoelastic layer thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm in unconstrained damping. As such, the proposed method can help to build a database of the properties of various materials which are applicable in the design of noise and vibration control.
Abstract The Mechanical and damping properties of Nitrile rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardnes... more Abstract The Mechanical and damping properties of Nitrile rubber of 40, 50 and 60 shore A hardness were performed with tensile and DMA tests on specimens for the purpose of improving structural damping. The Nitrile rubber of 60 shore A material showed better static and dynamic characteristics than those of the 40 and 50 shore A hardness because of high carbon black content. The results obtained from vibration test carried with free layered surface damping treated samples are agreed with the modal analysis of two-layered damping system in the frequency domain under vibrational excitation using ANSYS Workbench 14.0 software.
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Papers by M Prasanth Kumar