Tourism Development

PurposeThis research investigated wine tourism development and marketing in southwest Michigan, a longtime viticultural, but emerging wine tourism region. The aims involved discovering the motivations, expectations, and successes of Southwest Michigan Wine Trail member wineries in developing horizontal and vertical alliances.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with individuals in charge of the wineries’ marketing activities (i.e. marketing directors and members of the marketing departments, winery owners). These interviews were recorded and transcribed. Activities fostered through the horizontal and vertical alliances were identified.FindingsAlliances along the Southwest Michigan Wine Trail have furthered the development and marketing of wine tourism. The trail's member wineries have formed strong horizontal relationships, which include joint advertising, promotion, and production. They have also built vertical relationships with tour o...

Hall, C.M., Keelan, N. & Mitchell, I. 1993, The implications of Maori perspectives on the interpretation, management and promotion of tourism in New Zealand. Geojournal, 29(3): 315-322.

Maori images have tong been a part of the international tourist image of New Zealand. However, Maori people .have increasingly been asserting their rights to control and manage their own resources. The purpose of the present paper is to analyse the implications of Maori perspectives on the promotion, interpretation and management of tourism resources and to discuss the potential short and long-term implications of such perspectives on tourism development.
The paper discusses the implications of the Waitangi Tribunal hearings and the overall assertion of Maori rights over tourism resources. While the articulation of Maori rights is by no means universal, several case studies illustrate potential implications of Maori control and ownership for the New Zealand tourism industry. The paper concludes that the implementation of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi provides a basis for reconciling the interpretive and management demands of Maoritanga with the tourism industry in a manner which can have positive outcomes for both.

Even though this is a generally recognized that tourism development can positively effect on employment, income and education and impact the countries socio-economic development, the empirical research on the tourism development and socio-economic development are limited, specifically in case of state of AJ&K which largely depends upon tourism. The current research intends to add to the literature on tourism development and socio-economic development through empirical examining the connection among tourism development and socio-economic development in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. This research was based on social exchange theory. The data for this study was primary and collected through a questionnaire-based survey in three districts of AJ&K. The current study used SPSS version-21 for data analysis. The study used correlation and regression for analyzing data. This study findings confirmed that a considerable association exists among tourism development and socio-economic development in AJ&K, Pakistan. This research also validates the proposed tourism development and socio-economic development hypothesis. The present study increases the literature about tourism and socio-economic link, specifically for tourism dependent in AJ&K. The study findings are valuable for tourism officials, policymakers, entrepreneurs, and non-governmental organizations working for tourism development as well as economic development in AJ&K. Future researchers can base their research on the findings of this study. The current research is a primary data-based research conducted in a state which is having countless tourism potentials. The study is unique in the sense that to the best of authors’ knowledge it is probably the first of its nature in AJ&K.

The concept of tourist valorization is only partially and sporadically examined on the territory of the Republic of N. Macedonia. Furthermore, managing tourist areas by specific destination management organizations has not yet been implemented on a satisfactory level. In such conditions of tourism development, the idea developed for writing this paper. From this emerged the need for expanding the concept of tourist valorization in the domestic scientific and professional field. This is made possible through a comprehensive, substantial and systematic analysis of the tourist valorization process in the function of improving the management of tourist areas. The basic subject of this research paper consists of determining the place, role, function, types and approaches of tourist valorization in the processes of managing tourist areas. Thus, this paper has a dual purpose. On the one hand, it should contribute to the enrichment of the scientific thought with contemporary concepts and approaches for tourist valorization. On the other hand, the results and knowledge of the paper should be in function of improving the current destination management and intensifying the level of tourism development in a given tourist space. The territory in question is the Ohrid tourist region which is also the touristically most developed in the country. This paper presents the results of the doctoral thesis by the author in which the research process through all its phases was performed with the use of a conceptual theoretical and methodological framework, which consisted of both cabinet and empirical analysis. This made it possible for primary and secondary data to be obtained. The collection, systematization and processing of data, as well as the presentation of the obtained results, were made possible through the application of quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The conducted cabinet research involved the reference of a wide range of international scientific and professional literature. The empirical research activities included the implementation of contemporary methodological approaches for valorization of several aspects of tourism. The scientific - applicative verification of this paper consists of the practical use of sublimated knowledge, global experiences and best practices for the valorization process in a defined tourist area. More specifically, the used methodological research approaches were the following: European Tourism Indicator System for Sustainable Destinations Toolkit (ETIS-Toolkit), Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) and valorization of the destination’s sub-systems: Factor, Attractors and Support Services (FAS-approach). Because of the wide range and volume of findings and results from the conducted research processes, only the most relevant will be presented in this paper. The gained research results allowed making conclusions and suggestions that have the aim to intensify and promote tourism development in the designated area of the Ohrid tourist region. This should serve as a framework for creative use of various valorization approaches in the processes of tourism management, not only on the analyzed territory, but also beyond.
Keywords: tourism, tourist valorization, tourist destination, tourism development.

Historically, tourism in India has been important and in fact is encouraged by Hindu scriptures. Nevertheless, international tourism to India and South Asia generally has languished in recent times in contrast to the growth of international tourism in the Asia-Pacific which has experienced the fastest tourism growth rate of any· region in the world. Paying particular attention to India and Bangladesh, some of the economic and other reasons for this lack-lustre performance are outlined, e.g., government regulations, restriction of competition in the tourist and travel industry, state provision of tourist services, currency restrictions. Now that India, and to some extent, Bangladesh have embarked on economic reforms to help liberalise their economies some of their previous impediments to international tourism will be reduced.
Both in India and Bangladesh, the government has played a major role in the provision of tourist services. This not only includes the provision of transport facilities such as air ·and rail transport, but also hotels, lodges, guest houses and tours themselves. Although the governments of India and Bangladesh have played a major role in tourism, with the economic structural adjustments that are occurring or planned the relative role of the government in the tourism sector can be expected to decline. In India for example, greater competition is to be expected in the provision of airline services and some government owned hotels are to be sold to private industry. Some reduction in 'red tape' faced by tourists might also be anticipated.
Apart from considering general economic issues and policies involved in tourism development in India and Bangladesh, the study draws on a survey of the development· of ecotourism in the Sunderbans. This is a major area for ecotourism both in West Bengal and in Bangladesh. Many of the problems encountered in this region also are encountered for ecotourism in other countries, both less developed and developed. ·
Amongst the economic problems encountered in operating tourism enterprises in the Sunderbans are: (1) The fact that tourism ·to the area is seasonal; the tourist facilities cannot be used during the hot monsoon period and so they remain idle for a large part of the year. This is a major cost component. (2) Virtually no local persons are employed in the tourist industry in the Sunderbans, so there are very few employment benefits to locals. (3) Most commodities for tourism in the Sunderbans are sourced from outside the Sunderbans. In the case of the Indian Sunderbans, most of the supplies come from Calcutta. (4) Permits are required for entry to the Sunderbans both in Bangladesh and India. These must be issued by the Ministry of Forestry and often there are delays in their issue which can frustrate tourists. (5) Wild animals, especially tigers, are very difficult to see. Therefore, many tourists may feel disappointed. Tourism in the Indian and Bangladesh Sunderbans is compared and contrasted

Tourism development must be based on sustainability criteria, be long term bearable economically and ethically and socially equitable for the local populations of the destinations. Tourism forms identified by the literature as being “sustainable” are numerous: ecological tourism (ecotourism), green tourism, soft, rural tourism and agrotourism, community tourism, solidarity and responsible tourism, all these opposing to the traditional, mass tourism. According to some specialists only tourism in natural reservations or national parks is considered to be ecological. A larger concept of ecological tourism refers to that form of responsible travel, developed in natural spaces, that contributes to environment protection and local population life conditions improvement and wellbeing. Equitable tourism is a form of sustainable tourism aiming at applying in the tourism sector the principles of equitable commerce, respecting a series of criteria, that focus on respect of the residents and th...

This conceptual paper re-evaluates the concept of niches in tourism markets. As many regions are now attempting to address niche markets in tourism as a development strategy, understanding of the dynamics of niche markets is crucial. Current approaches are often limited to seeing niche markets as simple subsectors of larger consumer markets. We argue for a broader view of market niches as forms of social rituals involving both consumers and producers with a mutual focus of attention. Based on the work of Randall Collins we examine how interaction rituals are produced and maintained, and how these are also reflected in niche markets, such as backpacking. We illustrate the how backpacking produces a mutual focus of attention and boundaries to outsiders, helping to sustain the niche over the longer term. This analysis has implications for producers hoping to tap into niche markets, as they too need to become part of the niche community.

Produced over the past decade, monuments and museums dedicated to the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s have desegregated America's memorial landscape. Tracing a broad arc across the US South, the material elements of this landscape — historic markers, monuments, parks, registered buildings, and museums — present a distinct challenge to representations of an elite, white American past.

This paper applies the new heterogeneous panel cointegration technique to re-investigate the long-run comovements and causal relationships between tourism development and economic growth for OECD and nonOECD countries (including those in Asia, Latin America and Sub-Sahara Africa) for the 1990–2002 period. On the global scale, after allowing for the heterogeneous country effect, a cointegrated relationship between GDP and tourism development is substantiated. It is also determined that tourism development has a greater impact on GDP in nonOECD countries than in OECD countries, and when the variable is tourism receipts, the greatest impact is in Sub-Sahara African countries. Additionally, the real effective exchange rate has significant effects on economic growth. Finally, in the long run, the panel causality test shows unidirectional causality relationships from tourism development to economic growth in OECD countries, bidirectional relationships in nonOECD countries, but only weak relationships in Asia. Our empirical findings have major policy implications.

The majority of past research on residents’ attitudes has examined the influence of various factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, economic dependency on tourism, distance that residents live from the tourist zone and stage of the host community’s development. In addition to this, the vast majority of research has been undertaken in regions where tourism is a prevalent economic activity. As a result, there are limited studies on residents’ attitudes in communities where tourism development is in its infancy. Bearing this in mind, the current paper investigates the perceptions of residents in a rural Cretan community where tourism is not well developed although the area has great potential for further development. It also assesses the influence of two factors (number of residents and place of residence - coastal vs. inland) on residents’ perceptions. Research employed a telephone survey on a sample of 65 residents. The findings of the research revealed that people leaving in coastal areas and in higher populated communities supported stronger the positive impacts of tourism on the local economy, although they expressed higher concerns about its negative impacts on the natural environment. These findings are in accordance with Doxey’s model, which suggests that residents’ perceptions and attitudes are more positive in the early stages of tourism development. Also, the study of the Cretan rural community residents revealed that there is a development gap between coastal and inland areas, as well as, between areas with low and high population density. This study, taking into consideration the above remarks, proposes measures for the future development of the area.

Keywords: Residents’ perceptions, rural areas, tourism development, coastal vs. inland areas, population density.

Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Development in Lundu, Sarawak is a study on the development of tourism has been and will be done in Lundu. This study focuses on the development aspects of the impact of tourism on society in Lundu, involvement of village communities to the development of tourism in Lundu, Sarawak and potential Lundu, Sarawak as the development of sustainable tourism. This study uses two methods of data collection which are quantitative and qualitative. Through quantitative methods, questionnaires were distributed to 350 respondents in the study area, namely in Lundu, Sarawak. Through qualitative approaches, researchers have interviewed the elected head village and Office staffs inLundu District who have extensive knowledge of development in Sarawak Lundu. Data were analyzed for the study. All the data obtained are described in tables and diagrams. Next, the proposal forwarded to the relevant authorities and researchers hope that this study will be conducted in the future with a more complete and provides benefit to the community and anyone in need Keywords: tourism development, sustainable tourism, the impact of construction, community Lundu, community involvement, the potential of tourism, sustainable tourism locations

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, the relationship of tourism with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf

The Administration plays a central role in the development of the tourist sector so that this became competitive and sustainable. Itʼs his responsibility to establish a frame so that the tourism develops respecting criteria of sustainability, looking for the necessary balance between interests and actors and guaranteeing that the negative impacts that this activity provokes are minimal. The principal aim

This study investigates whether tourism firms in a developing country, namely Turkey, which adopt one of the four strategic orientations of Miles and Snow (1978), differ based on their financial and non-financial performance. The study results show that there is a difference in both financial and non-financial performance based on the strategic orientations followed by tourism enterprises. Generally, prospectors were found to outperform defenders, whereas analyzers showed a comparable performance to prospectors. The findings of this study imply that in developing countries, tourism businesses may be indifferent when choosing between these two strategies based on their internal characteristics since they yield similar financial results. Specific factors and developments in the macro environment and company-specific factors seem to affect tourism firms' strategic orientation as well as their performance. Better understanding and closer analysis of such factors can help improve the performance of tourism businesses in developing countries. Further research using both perceptual and objective measures is needed to confirm the present results to better assess possible differences in performance among strategic orientations in some other developing countries.

There is great potential for the development of adventure tourism in Southern Africa for a number of reasons. One is the variety of landscapes provided by South Africa's natural environment that are suitable for adventure tourism activities, many of which remain relatively pristine. In addition, the development of adventure tourism has significant potential to uplift local communities through local economic development strategies due to the relatively low capital needed to establish many activities considered adventure tourism. However, very little research exists on this important industry in the South African context. Th is research note, therefore, highlights three important aspects of adventure tourism development in South Africa. First, the challenges facing the adventure tourism industry are addressed. Three of the most significant challenges to its development are the need for specific skills among staff , the use of adventure tourism as a pro-poor development strategy, and environmental management concerns associated with adventure tourism. Next, an overview of existing research is given, much of which has focused on specific adventure activities and destinations in South Africa. Finally, and most importantly, a detailed outline is offered of further research that would assist in the management and development of adventure tourism in South Africa in the future.

Agritourism is a new form of tourism practice that is gradually gaining global recognition. The combination of agricultural activities with tourism services, is known as "Agritourism". It is a medium for promoting participation in agricultural activities and physical development. This form of tourism can be considered as a key approach to rural development, if properly managed.This paper examines how agriculture could be promoted through tourism by the fusion of both sectors to develop more socioeconomic opportunities for the host community. This study is focused on accessing the agritourism potentials of Afe Babalola University (ABUAD) farm in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods of research were adopted through interviews and questionnaires: These were administered through the use of random and purposive sampling method to gather important data. Data gathered were presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of simple percentage analysis.

This article examines the growth of Community-Based Tourism within the broader discipline of tourism. New topics in the field have emerged such as responsible tourism, pro-poor tourism, sports tourism and moral impacts of tourism. This phenomenon also reflects the multi-disciplinarity of tourism. In this article, using the Title, Abstract and Keywords (TAK) for instances in which the words (Community-based Tourism, Community Tourism and Community-Based Eco-Tourism) to subsume Community-Based Tourism (CBT), a search was made in various databases and found that CBT as a sub-specialty of tourism started to emerge in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The number of articles published specifically on CBT has been growing phenomenally. The major contribution of this article is that we now know the evolution of CBT and we also now know its trajectory of growth which has been upward. While the number of articles on CBT is growing, there is no journal dedicated solely to CBT.