ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on tropical grass pasture, in summer 2002, to find out poss... more ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on tropical grass pasture, in summer 2002, to find out possible mitigation options to reduce methane emission using different categories of grazing dairy cattle breeds. Methane emission was measured using the SF6 tracer technique. Experimental design was a block distribution in tim e, along four consecutive weeks, five days a week, at 12 -hour intervals, employing four animal categories - lactating and dry cows on pastures with nitrogen fertilization and heifers on pastures with and without fertilization - of pure Holstein and 3/4 breeds (B. taurus x B. indicus): lactating Hostein cows in 1 of 33 resting days rotated grazing fertilized Panicum maximum with 15% crude protein (CP), 64% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 54% "in vitro" organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) plus 1 kg concentrate with 20% CP for each three liter milk surplus above 10 liters; dry cows and heifers of both breeds grazing N-fertilized grass P. maximum , lactating Zebu crosbred on N - fertilized Brachiaria decumbens, and heifers of both breeds grazing unfertilized B. decumbens extensively managed, with 6.5% CP, 72% NDF and 37% IVOMD, similar to the most representative cattle production systems in Brazil. These experiments were carried out in summer (rainy season) with offer of good quality grass forage. Data indicate that methane emission rates of cattle on tropical grass pastures are higher than those on temperate forages, perhaps due to higher fiber content. Data also suggest that improvement of production potential of dairy cattle may reduce methane emission per product unit in Brazilian summer grazing conditions. Concentrate use equal or lower than 40% of dry matter intake did increase methane emission per animal but reduce per unit of production.
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta as estimativas atualizadas de emissoes de metano (CH4), monoxido ... more Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta as estimativas atualizadas de emissoes de metano (CH4), monoxido de carbono (CO), oxido nitroso (N2O) e oxidos de nitrogenio (NOx) provenientes da queima da cana-de-acucar no estado de Sao Paulo com relacao ao periodo de 1990 a 2015, utilizando os Documentos Orientadores (Guidelines) sobre Elaboracao de Inventarios de Emissao de Gases de Efeito Estufa do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanca do Clima - IPCC, de 2006. Em referencia a 1990 foram estimadas emissoes de 58,51 Gg de CH4, 1993,55 Gg de CO, 1,52 Gg de N2O e 54,17 Gg de NOx, reduzindo a 32,58 Gg de CH4, 1.110,14 Gg de CO, 0,84 Gg de N2O e 30,17 Gg de NOx em 2015. As emissoes totais estimadas concernentes a 2015 correspondem a uma reducao de 44,3% em relacao a 1990. Este decrescimo evidencia o papel da legislacao estadual e de sua implementacao sobre o controle de queimada praticada no cultivo de cana-de-acucar e na reducao das emissoes de gases de efeito estufa. Este trabalho mostra tambem que as estimativas de emissao de CH4 em 1990 resultaram em valores 4% inferiores aos obtidos no relatorio de referencia sobre o setor de agricultura do 1o Inventario Estadual de Emissao de Gases de Efeito Estufa, publicado em 2015, o qual se baseou na aplicacao do metodo do IPCC de 1996 para o periodo de 1990 a 2008. Com respeito ao mesmo ano, as projecoes de emissao de N2O e de NOx foram 50% inferiores as estimadas pelo metodo do IPCC de 1996, enquanto as emissoes de CO foram 55% superiores. Abstract: This work presents the updated assessments of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from burning of sugarcane in Sao Paulo State related to the period of 1990 to 2015 using 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Emissions of 58,51 Gg of CH4, 1993,55 Gg of CO, 1,52 Gg of N2O and 54,17 Gg of NOx from burning of sugarcane residues were estimated for 1990, achieving 32,58 Gg of CH4, 1.110,14 Gg of CO, 0,84 Gg of N2O e 30,17 Gg of NOx in 2015. The total emissions estimated for 2015 correspond to a reduction of 44,3% compared to the emissions in 1990. Such decrease highlights the importance of the state legislation and of its implementation on the control of burning practiced in the sugarcane culture and on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction. This document shows that the estimates of CH4 emissions related to the year of 1990 resulted in values 4% lower than those presented in the reference report on agricultural sector of the 1st State Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emission, published in 2015, which was based in the application of the IPCC-1996 method, considering the year of 1990 as reference, for the period of 1990 to 2008. For the same year, the estimates of N2O and NOx emissions were 50% lower than those predicted with the IPCC 1996 method, while the CO emissions were 55% higher.
... The average rate between the systems was 251 mg m-2 day-1, which falls within the emission in... more ... The average rate between the systems was 251 mg m-2 day-1, which falls within the emission interval cited in the international literature, namely, from 0 to 1920 mg m-2 day-1 (Le Mer & Roger, 2001). ... http://www.irga.rs.gov.br (26/03/03). LE MER, J.; ROGER, P. 2001. ...
O Protocolo de Kyoto, adotado na Convencao das Nacoes Unidas sobre Mudanca do Clima e em vigor de... more O Protocolo de Kyoto, adotado na Convencao das Nacoes Unidas sobre Mudanca do Clima e em vigor desde fevereiro deste ano, estabelece metas aos paises industrializados para que as emissoes de gases causadores do efeito estufa (GEE) sejam reduzidas em 5%, na media, com relacao aos niveis verificados no ano de 1990. Essas metas sao diferenciadas entre as partes e deverao, em principio, ser atingidas no periodo de 2008 a 2012 (primeiro periodo de compromisso).
Agricultural activities have been pointed out as one of anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas e... more Agricultural activities have been pointed out as one of anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas emissions, which influence on climatic changes. Information available at Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Changes (Ipcc) indicated that methane emissions (CH4) generated during the paddy-rice culture development phases is one of these activities and must be better investigated at field conditions. Computer tools that allow following the space-time dynamic of methane emissions from paddy-rice culture, considering the management involved, should also contribute to identify alternatives in order to minimize the high emission rates. Thereby, the Denitrification-Decomposition model (DnDc) can be used to investigate alternative scenarios in order to understand the paddy-rice methane emission process and to identify the critical points. However, DnDc validation is necessary to assure the reliability of those scenarios. Paddy-rice data collected during the seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 at...
O emprego da mecanização na cafeicultura brasileira é essencial para otimização da produção, entr... more O emprego da mecanização na cafeicultura brasileira é essencial para otimização da produção, entretanto, a crescente exigência dos mercados internacionais em busca de uma cadeia produtiva de baixo carbono faz com que as propriedades cafeeiras busquem compreender como suas atividades contribuem para a emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a emissão de CO2 equivalente (CO2 eq) por hectare, nas principais operações mecanizadas realizadas na cultura do cafeeiro no Sul de Minas Gerais. A estimativa de CO2 eq foi realizada através de um estudo de caso, utilizando-se para os cálculos os parâmetros de emissão de GEE da metodologia do GHG Protocol Agricultura. Os resultados mostraram que nas operações de plantio de café em sistema agrícola convencional as atividades de aração, aplicação de matéria orgânica e de bater covas contribuíram com 73,92% das emissões estimadas de CO2 eq ha-1 nesta etapa, totalizando 178,61 kg CO2 eq ha-1. Nos tratos cultu...
ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on tropical grass pasture, in summer 2002, to find out poss... more ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on tropical grass pasture, in summer 2002, to find out possible mitigation options to reduce methane emission using different categories of grazing dairy cattle breeds. Methane emission was measured using the SF6 tracer technique. Experimental design was a block distribution in tim e, along four consecutive weeks, five days a week, at 12 -hour intervals, employing four animal categories - lactating and dry cows on pastures with nitrogen fertilization and heifers on pastures with and without fertilization - of pure Holstein and 3/4 breeds (B. taurus x B. indicus): lactating Hostein cows in 1 of 33 resting days rotated grazing fertilized Panicum maximum with 15% crude protein (CP), 64% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 54% "in vitro" organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) plus 1 kg concentrate with 20% CP for each three liter milk surplus above 10 liters; dry cows and heifers of both breeds grazing N-fertilized grass P. maximum , lactating Zebu crosbred on N - fertilized Brachiaria decumbens, and heifers of both breeds grazing unfertilized B. decumbens extensively managed, with 6.5% CP, 72% NDF and 37% IVOMD, similar to the most representative cattle production systems in Brazil. These experiments were carried out in summer (rainy season) with offer of good quality grass forage. Data indicate that methane emission rates of cattle on tropical grass pastures are higher than those on temperate forages, perhaps due to higher fiber content. Data also suggest that improvement of production potential of dairy cattle may reduce methane emission per product unit in Brazilian summer grazing conditions. Concentrate use equal or lower than 40% of dry matter intake did increase methane emission per animal but reduce per unit of production.
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta as estimativas atualizadas de emissoes de metano (CH4), monoxido ... more Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta as estimativas atualizadas de emissoes de metano (CH4), monoxido de carbono (CO), oxido nitroso (N2O) e oxidos de nitrogenio (NOx) provenientes da queima da cana-de-acucar no estado de Sao Paulo com relacao ao periodo de 1990 a 2015, utilizando os Documentos Orientadores (Guidelines) sobre Elaboracao de Inventarios de Emissao de Gases de Efeito Estufa do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanca do Clima - IPCC, de 2006. Em referencia a 1990 foram estimadas emissoes de 58,51 Gg de CH4, 1993,55 Gg de CO, 1,52 Gg de N2O e 54,17 Gg de NOx, reduzindo a 32,58 Gg de CH4, 1.110,14 Gg de CO, 0,84 Gg de N2O e 30,17 Gg de NOx em 2015. As emissoes totais estimadas concernentes a 2015 correspondem a uma reducao de 44,3% em relacao a 1990. Este decrescimo evidencia o papel da legislacao estadual e de sua implementacao sobre o controle de queimada praticada no cultivo de cana-de-acucar e na reducao das emissoes de gases de efeito estufa. Este trabalho mostra tambem que as estimativas de emissao de CH4 em 1990 resultaram em valores 4% inferiores aos obtidos no relatorio de referencia sobre o setor de agricultura do 1o Inventario Estadual de Emissao de Gases de Efeito Estufa, publicado em 2015, o qual se baseou na aplicacao do metodo do IPCC de 1996 para o periodo de 1990 a 2008. Com respeito ao mesmo ano, as projecoes de emissao de N2O e de NOx foram 50% inferiores as estimadas pelo metodo do IPCC de 1996, enquanto as emissoes de CO foram 55% superiores. Abstract: This work presents the updated assessments of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from burning of sugarcane in Sao Paulo State related to the period of 1990 to 2015 using 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Emissions of 58,51 Gg of CH4, 1993,55 Gg of CO, 1,52 Gg of N2O and 54,17 Gg of NOx from burning of sugarcane residues were estimated for 1990, achieving 32,58 Gg of CH4, 1.110,14 Gg of CO, 0,84 Gg of N2O e 30,17 Gg of NOx in 2015. The total emissions estimated for 2015 correspond to a reduction of 44,3% compared to the emissions in 1990. Such decrease highlights the importance of the state legislation and of its implementation on the control of burning practiced in the sugarcane culture and on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction. This document shows that the estimates of CH4 emissions related to the year of 1990 resulted in values 4% lower than those presented in the reference report on agricultural sector of the 1st State Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emission, published in 2015, which was based in the application of the IPCC-1996 method, considering the year of 1990 as reference, for the period of 1990 to 2008. For the same year, the estimates of N2O and NOx emissions were 50% lower than those predicted with the IPCC 1996 method, while the CO emissions were 55% higher.
... The average rate between the systems was 251 mg m-2 day-1, which falls within the emission in... more ... The average rate between the systems was 251 mg m-2 day-1, which falls within the emission interval cited in the international literature, namely, from 0 to 1920 mg m-2 day-1 (Le Mer & Roger, 2001). ... http://www.irga.rs.gov.br (26/03/03). LE MER, J.; ROGER, P. 2001. ...
O Protocolo de Kyoto, adotado na Convencao das Nacoes Unidas sobre Mudanca do Clima e em vigor de... more O Protocolo de Kyoto, adotado na Convencao das Nacoes Unidas sobre Mudanca do Clima e em vigor desde fevereiro deste ano, estabelece metas aos paises industrializados para que as emissoes de gases causadores do efeito estufa (GEE) sejam reduzidas em 5%, na media, com relacao aos niveis verificados no ano de 1990. Essas metas sao diferenciadas entre as partes e deverao, em principio, ser atingidas no periodo de 2008 a 2012 (primeiro periodo de compromisso).
Agricultural activities have been pointed out as one of anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas e... more Agricultural activities have been pointed out as one of anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas emissions, which influence on climatic changes. Information available at Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Changes (Ipcc) indicated that methane emissions (CH4) generated during the paddy-rice culture development phases is one of these activities and must be better investigated at field conditions. Computer tools that allow following the space-time dynamic of methane emissions from paddy-rice culture, considering the management involved, should also contribute to identify alternatives in order to minimize the high emission rates. Thereby, the Denitrification-Decomposition model (DnDc) can be used to investigate alternative scenarios in order to understand the paddy-rice methane emission process and to identify the critical points. However, DnDc validation is necessary to assure the reliability of those scenarios. Paddy-rice data collected during the seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 at...
O emprego da mecanização na cafeicultura brasileira é essencial para otimização da produção, entr... more O emprego da mecanização na cafeicultura brasileira é essencial para otimização da produção, entretanto, a crescente exigência dos mercados internacionais em busca de uma cadeia produtiva de baixo carbono faz com que as propriedades cafeeiras busquem compreender como suas atividades contribuem para a emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a emissão de CO2 equivalente (CO2 eq) por hectare, nas principais operações mecanizadas realizadas na cultura do cafeeiro no Sul de Minas Gerais. A estimativa de CO2 eq foi realizada através de um estudo de caso, utilizando-se para os cálculos os parâmetros de emissão de GEE da metodologia do GHG Protocol Agricultura. Os resultados mostraram que nas operações de plantio de café em sistema agrícola convencional as atividades de aração, aplicação de matéria orgânica e de bater covas contribuíram com 73,92% das emissões estimadas de CO2 eq ha-1 nesta etapa, totalizando 178,61 kg CO2 eq ha-1. Nos tratos cultu...
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