The paper analyzes occasional words with negative meaning, formed by means of particle-morphemoid... more The paper analyzes occasional words with negative meaning, formed by means of particle-morphemoid არ ar “not”. These words are analyzed based on the examples from “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, an epic poem written by the famous 12th century Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli. As a result of the analysis, two groups have been distinguished: a. The words in question are used separately, without connection to the verb, negation is expressed lexically, absence is logically expressed positively, and, according to the proposition, the sentence is affirmative. b. The words under analysis are used as parts of the compound nominal predicate, the particle არ ar “not” is connected to the predicate centre of the sentence, and, according to the proposition, the sentence is negative. The above-mentioned distinction between the groups is also proved on the basis of the literal English translation of Rustaveli’s poem
The paper addresses principles of classification of Kartvelian verb forms featured in the Georgia... more The paper addresses principles of classification of Kartvelian verb forms featured in the GeorgianMegrelian-Laz-Svan-English dictionary. Voice being the main morphological category of verbs in the Kartvelian languages, the distinction based on active and passive forms was deemed the most relevant criterion for the description of verb forms. Such description also enabled to determine the possibility of derivation of active and passive forms from one and the same stem and to establish the presence of common or different voice-related morphological patterns and markers in the Kartvelian languages. The verbs presented in the dictionary can be classified into native and borrowed stock of words. Most of the loanwords in Megrelian and Svan have origins in the Georgian language, while Laz appears to have borrowed largely from the Turkish language. In the Kartvelian languages verb forms may derive either from verb stems proper or nominal stems. Verb forms in the Kartvelian languages are mode...
The book contains texts recorded among the Chan population, who are migrants from Inner Chaneti ... more The book contains texts recorded among the Chan population, who are migrants from Inner Chaneti and reside along Georgia’s Black Sea cost. The texts are interesting in terms of mixed speech coda.
Kartvelian studies, whether in Georgia or abroad, is not rich in this type of dictionaries, whic... more Kartvelian studies, whether in Georgia or abroad, is not rich in this type of dictionaries, which is especially true of Laz studies. The Laz Dictionary, compiled by Irine Asatiani, is an ambitious attempt to fill this gap. The dictionary has outstanding significance as it contains reliable data on all Laz dialects and provides definitions enriched with contextual implications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, 2018
The negative and affirmative forms create an opposition in which the negative form is marked by v... more The negative and affirmative forms create an opposition in which the negative form is marked by various language means, namely, affixes denoting absence, negative particles etc. Based on the empirical material of the Kartvelian languages, the paper analyzes issues of negation with regard to conditional-resultative hypotactic constructions. It is wellknown that condition is given in the subordinate clause, whereas the result is given in the main clause. In the Kartvelian languages conditional-resultative constructions may be affirmative and negative (containing the negative particle); the negative constructions embrace diverse types of context, depending on the function of the negative particle in the construction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, 2018
The verb paradigm of the Kartvelian languages enables us to draw interesting conclusions regardin... more The verb paradigm of the Kartvelian languages enables us to draw interesting conclusions regarding the interrelationship between inference and epistemic modality. The paper analyzes the evidential perfect tenses common for all Kartvelian languages. The paper also focuses on certain organic imperfect evidential verb forms peculiar to the Megrelian and Svan languages. The issue of relation between inferential evidentiality and epistemics in the Kartvelian languages may be formulated as follows: a) Not every verb expressing inferential evidentiality is capable of expressing epistemic modality, b) All the verbs expressing epistemic modality are necessarily evidential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, 2019
Evidentiality is a universal category, the study of which should be carried out on the grammatica... more Evidentiality is a universal category, the study of which should be carried out on the grammatical (morphological and syntactic) and lexical levels. The paper analyzes conditional-resultative hypotactic constructions from the viewpoint of evidentiality. Conditional-resultative hypotactic constructions consist of two components – main and subordinate clauses; The condition is given in the subordinate clause, the predicate of which represents the action which serves as a precondition for the fulfillment of the second action. The condition is followed by the result, which is given in the main clause and takes place if the corresponding condition is fulfilled. Such hypotactic construction is based on background knowledge, as the action described in the conditional-resultative sentence implies logical inter-relation between the clauses. The following questions should be answered in this regard: What are the characteristic features of these constructions from the viewpoint of evidentialit...
The paper analyzes the functions of the conjunction -ni “that” in hypotactic constructions based ... more The paper analyzes the functions of the conjunction -ni “that” in hypotactic constructions based on the material of the Megrelian language. The issue is significant from two viewpoints: Megrelian is an oral, non-written language; the conjunction -ni is a clitic. It is well known that a clitic is very flexible from the viewpoint of information(grammatical-pragmatic). Hence, apart from the chief meaning, in oral speech, secondary meaning is frequently applied. The Megrelian conjunction-clitic -ni easily performs both functions – the chief and secondary functions. Multifunctional nature of -ni is due to its generic meaning. The hypotactic construction with the conjunction -ni is also specific due to the peculiar order of the main and subordinate clauses: constructions of this type are characterized by the shift of the syntactic boundary. In such cases, the typologist linguistics chiefly note that the subordinate clause is shifted to the left. In this regard, Megrelian has revealed a di...
The present monograph was written within the framework of the project Phonosemantic
Vocabulary in... more The present monograph was written within the framework of the project Phonosemantic Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages (Structure, Semantics, Pragmatics) (No 31/20) funded by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation in 2013-2016; the project was implemented at the Institute of Linguistic Research (specifically, Research Group of Kartvelian Languages), Ilia State University. Success of the project proposal was due to a number of factors: 1. Phonetic symbolism and onomatopoeia, as rather significant linguistic phenomena in Kartvelian languages, was not systematically described and analyzed by scholars; moreover, it was not studied at all in Svan and Laz; however, these phenomena always attracted scholarly interest, and this is well attested with occasionally published papers. 2. Notwithstanding the fact that phonosymbolic and onomatopoeic items are parts of actual language, most of them were not considered “full-fledged members” of the lexicon. Their inclusion in dictionaries were a disputable issue. Recently published dictionaries (Svan – A. Liparteliani’s dictionary, Megrelian – O. Kajaia’s and A. Kobalia’s dictionaries, Laz – A. Tandilava’s dictionary, Georgian Dialect Corpus and dialect dictionaries: http://www.corpora.co), providing a more comprehensive description of the items in point, stated the necessity of the scholarly study of the phenomenon in question, on the one hand, and facilitated its complete research. The present book Phonosemantic Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages provides analyses of a number of significant linguistic problems associated with phonosemantics (as a linguistic process) and phonosemantic vocabulary (as outcome of the process).
The paper analyzes occasional words with negative meaning, formed by means of particle-morphemoid... more The paper analyzes occasional words with negative meaning, formed by means of particle-morphemoid არ ar “not”. These words are analyzed based on the examples from “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, an epic poem written by the famous 12th century Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli. As a result of the analysis, two groups have been distinguished: a. The words in question are used separately, without connection to the verb, negation is expressed lexically, absence is logically expressed positively, and, according to the proposition, the sentence is affirmative. b. The words under analysis are used as parts of the compound nominal predicate, the particle არ ar “not” is connected to the predicate centre of the sentence, and, according to the proposition, the sentence is negative. The above-mentioned distinction between the groups is also proved on the basis of the literal English translation of Rustaveli’s poem
The paper addresses principles of classification of Kartvelian verb forms featured in the Georgia... more The paper addresses principles of classification of Kartvelian verb forms featured in the GeorgianMegrelian-Laz-Svan-English dictionary. Voice being the main morphological category of verbs in the Kartvelian languages, the distinction based on active and passive forms was deemed the most relevant criterion for the description of verb forms. Such description also enabled to determine the possibility of derivation of active and passive forms from one and the same stem and to establish the presence of common or different voice-related morphological patterns and markers in the Kartvelian languages. The verbs presented in the dictionary can be classified into native and borrowed stock of words. Most of the loanwords in Megrelian and Svan have origins in the Georgian language, while Laz appears to have borrowed largely from the Turkish language. In the Kartvelian languages verb forms may derive either from verb stems proper or nominal stems. Verb forms in the Kartvelian languages are mode...
The book contains texts recorded among the Chan population, who are migrants from Inner Chaneti ... more The book contains texts recorded among the Chan population, who are migrants from Inner Chaneti and reside along Georgia’s Black Sea cost. The texts are interesting in terms of mixed speech coda.
Kartvelian studies, whether in Georgia or abroad, is not rich in this type of dictionaries, whic... more Kartvelian studies, whether in Georgia or abroad, is not rich in this type of dictionaries, which is especially true of Laz studies. The Laz Dictionary, compiled by Irine Asatiani, is an ambitious attempt to fill this gap. The dictionary has outstanding significance as it contains reliable data on all Laz dialects and provides definitions enriched with contextual implications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, 2018
The negative and affirmative forms create an opposition in which the negative form is marked by v... more The negative and affirmative forms create an opposition in which the negative form is marked by various language means, namely, affixes denoting absence, negative particles etc. Based on the empirical material of the Kartvelian languages, the paper analyzes issues of negation with regard to conditional-resultative hypotactic constructions. It is wellknown that condition is given in the subordinate clause, whereas the result is given in the main clause. In the Kartvelian languages conditional-resultative constructions may be affirmative and negative (containing the negative particle); the negative constructions embrace diverse types of context, depending on the function of the negative particle in the construction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, 2018
The verb paradigm of the Kartvelian languages enables us to draw interesting conclusions regardin... more The verb paradigm of the Kartvelian languages enables us to draw interesting conclusions regarding the interrelationship between inference and epistemic modality. The paper analyzes the evidential perfect tenses common for all Kartvelian languages. The paper also focuses on certain organic imperfect evidential verb forms peculiar to the Megrelian and Svan languages. The issue of relation between inferential evidentiality and epistemics in the Kartvelian languages may be formulated as follows: a) Not every verb expressing inferential evidentiality is capable of expressing epistemic modality, b) All the verbs expressing epistemic modality are necessarily evidential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, 2019
Evidentiality is a universal category, the study of which should be carried out on the grammatica... more Evidentiality is a universal category, the study of which should be carried out on the grammatical (morphological and syntactic) and lexical levels. The paper analyzes conditional-resultative hypotactic constructions from the viewpoint of evidentiality. Conditional-resultative hypotactic constructions consist of two components – main and subordinate clauses; The condition is given in the subordinate clause, the predicate of which represents the action which serves as a precondition for the fulfillment of the second action. The condition is followed by the result, which is given in the main clause and takes place if the corresponding condition is fulfilled. Such hypotactic construction is based on background knowledge, as the action described in the conditional-resultative sentence implies logical inter-relation between the clauses. The following questions should be answered in this regard: What are the characteristic features of these constructions from the viewpoint of evidentialit...
The paper analyzes the functions of the conjunction -ni “that” in hypotactic constructions based ... more The paper analyzes the functions of the conjunction -ni “that” in hypotactic constructions based on the material of the Megrelian language. The issue is significant from two viewpoints: Megrelian is an oral, non-written language; the conjunction -ni is a clitic. It is well known that a clitic is very flexible from the viewpoint of information(grammatical-pragmatic). Hence, apart from the chief meaning, in oral speech, secondary meaning is frequently applied. The Megrelian conjunction-clitic -ni easily performs both functions – the chief and secondary functions. Multifunctional nature of -ni is due to its generic meaning. The hypotactic construction with the conjunction -ni is also specific due to the peculiar order of the main and subordinate clauses: constructions of this type are characterized by the shift of the syntactic boundary. In such cases, the typologist linguistics chiefly note that the subordinate clause is shifted to the left. In this regard, Megrelian has revealed a di...
The present monograph was written within the framework of the project Phonosemantic
Vocabulary in... more The present monograph was written within the framework of the project Phonosemantic Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages (Structure, Semantics, Pragmatics) (No 31/20) funded by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation in 2013-2016; the project was implemented at the Institute of Linguistic Research (specifically, Research Group of Kartvelian Languages), Ilia State University. Success of the project proposal was due to a number of factors: 1. Phonetic symbolism and onomatopoeia, as rather significant linguistic phenomena in Kartvelian languages, was not systematically described and analyzed by scholars; moreover, it was not studied at all in Svan and Laz; however, these phenomena always attracted scholarly interest, and this is well attested with occasionally published papers. 2. Notwithstanding the fact that phonosymbolic and onomatopoeic items are parts of actual language, most of them were not considered “full-fledged members” of the lexicon. Their inclusion in dictionaries were a disputable issue. Recently published dictionaries (Svan – A. Liparteliani’s dictionary, Megrelian – O. Kajaia’s and A. Kobalia’s dictionaries, Laz – A. Tandilava’s dictionary, Georgian Dialect Corpus and dialect dictionaries: http://www.corpora.co), providing a more comprehensive description of the items in point, stated the necessity of the scholarly study of the phenomenon in question, on the one hand, and facilitated its complete research. The present book Phonosemantic Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages provides analyses of a number of significant linguistic problems associated with phonosemantics (as a linguistic process) and phonosemantic vocabulary (as outcome of the process).
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Papers by Maia Lomia
Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages (Structure, Semantics, Pragmatics) (No 31/20) funded by
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation in 2013-2016; the project was implemented at the
Institute of Linguistic Research (specifically, Research Group of Kartvelian Languages), Ilia State
University.
Success of the project proposal was due to a number of factors:
1. Phonetic symbolism and onomatopoeia, as rather significant linguistic phenomena in
Kartvelian languages, was not systematically described and analyzed by scholars; moreover, it was
not studied at all in Svan and Laz; however, these phenomena always attracted scholarly interest,
and this is well attested with occasionally published papers.
2. Notwithstanding the fact that phonosymbolic and onomatopoeic items are parts of actual
language, most of them were not considered “full-fledged members” of the lexicon. Their inclusion
in dictionaries were a disputable issue. Recently published dictionaries (Svan – A. Liparteliani’s
dictionary, Megrelian – O. Kajaia’s and A. Kobalia’s dictionaries, Laz – A. Tandilava’s dictionary,
Georgian Dialect Corpus and dialect dictionaries: http://www.corpora.co), providing a more
comprehensive description of the items in point, stated the necessity of the scholarly study of the
phenomenon in question, on the one hand, and facilitated its complete research.
The present book Phonosemantic Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages provides analyses of a
number of significant linguistic problems associated with phonosemantics (as a linguistic process)
and phonosemantic vocabulary (as outcome of the process).
Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages (Structure, Semantics, Pragmatics) (No 31/20) funded by
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation in 2013-2016; the project was implemented at the
Institute of Linguistic Research (specifically, Research Group of Kartvelian Languages), Ilia State
University.
Success of the project proposal was due to a number of factors:
1. Phonetic symbolism and onomatopoeia, as rather significant linguistic phenomena in
Kartvelian languages, was not systematically described and analyzed by scholars; moreover, it was
not studied at all in Svan and Laz; however, these phenomena always attracted scholarly interest,
and this is well attested with occasionally published papers.
2. Notwithstanding the fact that phonosymbolic and onomatopoeic items are parts of actual
language, most of them were not considered “full-fledged members” of the lexicon. Their inclusion
in dictionaries were a disputable issue. Recently published dictionaries (Svan – A. Liparteliani’s
dictionary, Megrelian – O. Kajaia’s and A. Kobalia’s dictionaries, Laz – A. Tandilava’s dictionary,
Georgian Dialect Corpus and dialect dictionaries: http://www.corpora.co), providing a more
comprehensive description of the items in point, stated the necessity of the scholarly study of the
phenomenon in question, on the one hand, and facilitated its complete research.
The present book Phonosemantic Vocabulary in Kartvelian Languages provides analyses of a
number of significant linguistic problems associated with phonosemantics (as a linguistic process)
and phonosemantic vocabulary (as outcome of the process).