CO2 gasification of a sub-bituminous Wyodak coal from the Powder River Basin (PRB) was conducted ... more CO2 gasification of a sub-bituminous Wyodak coal from the Powder River Basin (PRB) was conducted in a fixed-bed laboratory gasifier at atmospheric pressure with FeCO3 as a catalyst precursor. The effect of iron on the coal pyrolysis was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the iron performance in the char gasification. The iron species and oxidation states during the coal gasification, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy, indicate a complex interaction between the reaction atmosphere and temperature, but generally proceed through reduction to FeO and metallic iron during pyrolysis, followed by subsequent reoxidation to Fe3O4 during gasification with CO2. The catalytic effect of iron was also quantitatively evaluated by kinetic analysis using shrinking core and random pore models, with the shrinking core model providing superior results. Results show that the apparent activation...
The degrdn. of dye Acid Red B in a catalytic electrolysis system with a semiconductor suspended i... more The degrdn. of dye Acid Red B in a catalytic electrolysis system with a semiconductor suspended in the elec. field was studied. Results reveal that the addn. of TiO2 or its composite nanocatalysts substantially enhances the degrdn. of dye. Various nanocomposite TiO2 catalysts have been prepd. by the sol- gel method to expedite color removal in a catalytical electrolysis system. The optimized prepn. condition of a nanocomposite catalyst was obtained. Moreover, the characteristic of the nanocomposite catalyst was analyzed by means of XRD, BET surface area measurement, and the integrating sphere expt. The optimized prepn. condition of a nano TiO2 catalyst in this research was prepd. at 400°C and mixed with 10 % Co. Its decolorization effect increased 5.7 % and was about 1.21 times the color removal without catalyst. The X- ray diffraction of the nanocomposite TiO2 catalyst prepd. at 400°C indicated that it consisted mainly of an anatase structure and its av. particle size was less than...
The CO2 capture performance of K2CO3/Al2O3 was investigated in the continuous solid circulation m... more The CO2 capture performance of K2CO3/Al2O3 was investigated in the continuous solid circulation mode among three fluidized bed reactors (2 carbonation reactor and 1 regeneration reactor) , and about 10 Nm3/h of simulated flue gas was treated in this system. The first- step CO2 removal was higher than 75 %, and the second- step CO2 removal was higher than 95 %, it almost kept const. while the test process lasted for 20 h. The sorbent of K2CO3/Al2O3 kept excellent structural stability, and the failure ratio caused by SO2 of the sorbents was 1.2 % after 20 h operation. Effects of several variables such as bed height, solid circulation, carbonation and regeneration temp., fluidization no. and H2O concn. were conducted to evaluate the CO2 removal capacity of the sorbent when carbonator A and regenerator are put into use, results shows that the CO2 removal can reach to more than 85 % after optimizing the operation parameters. The results from this work are good enough to prove the concept...
Developing a novel biosorbent with high capacity is crucial to remove dyes from waters in an effi... more Developing a novel biosorbent with high capacity is crucial to remove dyes from waters in an efficient way. This study demonstrated that porous anaerobic granular sludge could be grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI), which definitely improved the sorption capacity towards Acid Red 18 (AR18) removal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study revealed that the PEI modification introduced a large number of amino groups on the surface of sludge, and the amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of dye molecule. Analysis of sorption data using a Boyd plot confirms the film diffusion was the rate-limiting step. The equilibrium data were well fitted Langmuir model, with a maximum AR18 uptake of 520.52 mg/g. Removal of AR18 decreased with the increasing pH and the maximum color removal was observed at pH 2.0. The sorption energy calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was found to be less than 8 for the biosorption of AR 18, which ...
A series of guanidylamided linear polyethyleneimine (GPEI) with pendant guanidine groups were syn... more A series of guanidylamided linear polyethyleneimine (GPEI) with pendant guanidine groups were synthesized to investigate their gene deliver capability. GPEI showed stronger binding ability with plasmid DNA (pDNA) than linear PEI (lPEI) 25k by heparin competitive assay and EB exclusion assay, forming small size nanoparticles (100 - 150 nm) with zeta potential ranging from 15 to 30 mV. The transfection efficiency in two ovarian cancer cell lines was determined. GPEI had improved transfection efficiency than its corresponding linear PEI. Meanwhile, the GPEI was much less toxic than the original PEI 10k (lPEI230) in both cell lines tested. GPEI penetrated cellular membrane more efficiently than LPEI 25k but in cytosol its disassociation with pDNA was much slower.
Cationic liposomes have fast cellular uptakes but nonspecific cellular uptakes and are toxic, imm... more Cationic liposomes have fast cellular uptakes but nonspecific cellular uptakes and are toxic, immediately clear out from the blood, accumulate in lung, Herein, we report liposomes that can undergo negative-to-positive charge-reversal triggered by the solid tumor extracellular- or lysosomal (4-5) acidity for nuclear drug delivery. Doxorubicin loaded in the liposomes is more cytotoxic to tumor cells than the free drug. The liposomes have a long blood circulation time and thus are good for in vivo cancer drug delivery.
Poly (L-histidine) (polyhis) has an endosomal membrane disruption activity due to its imidazole g... more Poly (L-histidine) (polyhis) has an endosomal membrane disruption activity due to its imidazole groups. It would be useful for cytosolic delivery of anticancer drug. However, its low aqueous solubility limits its application. We amidized its imidazole groups and thus substantially enhanced its water solubility. Its block copolymer with PCL could form nanoparticles with a size of around 130 nm. The nanoparticles are negatively charged at pH 7.4 but become positively charged at pH 5.0 due to the hydrolysis of the amides. The nanoparticles can go into nuclei within five hours for effective nuclear drug delivery. CPT and DOX loaded in the nanopartricles had higher cytotoxicity than the free drug.
Indirect coal liquefaction has enormous potential applications. Increasingly, new synthetic techn... more Indirect coal liquefaction has enormous potential applications. Increasingly, new synthetic technologies have been concentrating in this area, and a number of new large-scale indirect coal liquefaction plants have been set up during very recent years. Further, a large volume of papers on indirect coal liquefaction have been published over the last two decades, including those on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, syngas to ethylene glycol, syngas to methanol, dimethyl ether as well as methanol to olefins. In this review, the recent literature of indirect liquefaction, including Fischer-Tropsch and syngas to chemicals, are summarized, with an emphasis on the reaction mechanisms, conditions and novel catalysts.
A Pd/α-Al2O3 nanocatalyst was synthesized and investigated as a catalyst for CO oxidative couplin... more A Pd/α-Al2O3 nanocatalyst was synthesized and investigated as a catalyst for CO oxidative coupling to diethyl oxalate and CeO2 was used as a promoter as well. With the highest activity and stability found so far, great CO conversion and diethyl oxalate selectivity were achieved due to the addition of CeO2.
CO2 gasification of a sub-bituminous Wyodak coal from the Powder River Basin (PRB) was conducted ... more CO2 gasification of a sub-bituminous Wyodak coal from the Powder River Basin (PRB) was conducted in a fixed-bed laboratory gasifier at atmospheric pressure with FeCO3 as a catalyst precursor. The effect of iron on the coal pyrolysis was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the iron performance in the char gasification. The iron species and oxidation states during the coal gasification, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy, indicate a complex interaction between the reaction atmosphere and temperature, but generally proceed through reduction to FeO and metallic iron during pyrolysis, followed by subsequent reoxidation to Fe3O4 during gasification with CO2. The catalytic effect of iron was also quantitatively evaluated by kinetic analysis using shrinking core and random pore models, with the shrinking core model providing superior results. Results show that the apparent activation...
The degrdn. of dye Acid Red B in a catalytic electrolysis system with a semiconductor suspended i... more The degrdn. of dye Acid Red B in a catalytic electrolysis system with a semiconductor suspended in the elec. field was studied. Results reveal that the addn. of TiO2 or its composite nanocatalysts substantially enhances the degrdn. of dye. Various nanocomposite TiO2 catalysts have been prepd. by the sol- gel method to expedite color removal in a catalytical electrolysis system. The optimized prepn. condition of a nanocomposite catalyst was obtained. Moreover, the characteristic of the nanocomposite catalyst was analyzed by means of XRD, BET surface area measurement, and the integrating sphere expt. The optimized prepn. condition of a nano TiO2 catalyst in this research was prepd. at 400°C and mixed with 10 % Co. Its decolorization effect increased 5.7 % and was about 1.21 times the color removal without catalyst. The X- ray diffraction of the nanocomposite TiO2 catalyst prepd. at 400°C indicated that it consisted mainly of an anatase structure and its av. particle size was less than...
The CO2 capture performance of K2CO3/Al2O3 was investigated in the continuous solid circulation m... more The CO2 capture performance of K2CO3/Al2O3 was investigated in the continuous solid circulation mode among three fluidized bed reactors (2 carbonation reactor and 1 regeneration reactor) , and about 10 Nm3/h of simulated flue gas was treated in this system. The first- step CO2 removal was higher than 75 %, and the second- step CO2 removal was higher than 95 %, it almost kept const. while the test process lasted for 20 h. The sorbent of K2CO3/Al2O3 kept excellent structural stability, and the failure ratio caused by SO2 of the sorbents was 1.2 % after 20 h operation. Effects of several variables such as bed height, solid circulation, carbonation and regeneration temp., fluidization no. and H2O concn. were conducted to evaluate the CO2 removal capacity of the sorbent when carbonator A and regenerator are put into use, results shows that the CO2 removal can reach to more than 85 % after optimizing the operation parameters. The results from this work are good enough to prove the concept...
Developing a novel biosorbent with high capacity is crucial to remove dyes from waters in an effi... more Developing a novel biosorbent with high capacity is crucial to remove dyes from waters in an efficient way. This study demonstrated that porous anaerobic granular sludge could be grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI), which definitely improved the sorption capacity towards Acid Red 18 (AR18) removal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study revealed that the PEI modification introduced a large number of amino groups on the surface of sludge, and the amino groups played an important role in the adsorption of dye molecule. Analysis of sorption data using a Boyd plot confirms the film diffusion was the rate-limiting step. The equilibrium data were well fitted Langmuir model, with a maximum AR18 uptake of 520.52 mg/g. Removal of AR18 decreased with the increasing pH and the maximum color removal was observed at pH 2.0. The sorption energy calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was found to be less than 8 for the biosorption of AR 18, which ...
A series of guanidylamided linear polyethyleneimine (GPEI) with pendant guanidine groups were syn... more A series of guanidylamided linear polyethyleneimine (GPEI) with pendant guanidine groups were synthesized to investigate their gene deliver capability. GPEI showed stronger binding ability with plasmid DNA (pDNA) than linear PEI (lPEI) 25k by heparin competitive assay and EB exclusion assay, forming small size nanoparticles (100 - 150 nm) with zeta potential ranging from 15 to 30 mV. The transfection efficiency in two ovarian cancer cell lines was determined. GPEI had improved transfection efficiency than its corresponding linear PEI. Meanwhile, the GPEI was much less toxic than the original PEI 10k (lPEI230) in both cell lines tested. GPEI penetrated cellular membrane more efficiently than LPEI 25k but in cytosol its disassociation with pDNA was much slower.
Cationic liposomes have fast cellular uptakes but nonspecific cellular uptakes and are toxic, imm... more Cationic liposomes have fast cellular uptakes but nonspecific cellular uptakes and are toxic, immediately clear out from the blood, accumulate in lung, Herein, we report liposomes that can undergo negative-to-positive charge-reversal triggered by the solid tumor extracellular- or lysosomal (4-5) acidity for nuclear drug delivery. Doxorubicin loaded in the liposomes is more cytotoxic to tumor cells than the free drug. The liposomes have a long blood circulation time and thus are good for in vivo cancer drug delivery.
Poly (L-histidine) (polyhis) has an endosomal membrane disruption activity due to its imidazole g... more Poly (L-histidine) (polyhis) has an endosomal membrane disruption activity due to its imidazole groups. It would be useful for cytosolic delivery of anticancer drug. However, its low aqueous solubility limits its application. We amidized its imidazole groups and thus substantially enhanced its water solubility. Its block copolymer with PCL could form nanoparticles with a size of around 130 nm. The nanoparticles are negatively charged at pH 7.4 but become positively charged at pH 5.0 due to the hydrolysis of the amides. The nanoparticles can go into nuclei within five hours for effective nuclear drug delivery. CPT and DOX loaded in the nanopartricles had higher cytotoxicity than the free drug.
Indirect coal liquefaction has enormous potential applications. Increasingly, new synthetic techn... more Indirect coal liquefaction has enormous potential applications. Increasingly, new synthetic technologies have been concentrating in this area, and a number of new large-scale indirect coal liquefaction plants have been set up during very recent years. Further, a large volume of papers on indirect coal liquefaction have been published over the last two decades, including those on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, syngas to ethylene glycol, syngas to methanol, dimethyl ether as well as methanol to olefins. In this review, the recent literature of indirect liquefaction, including Fischer-Tropsch and syngas to chemicals, are summarized, with an emphasis on the reaction mechanisms, conditions and novel catalysts.
A Pd/α-Al2O3 nanocatalyst was synthesized and investigated as a catalyst for CO oxidative couplin... more A Pd/α-Al2O3 nanocatalyst was synthesized and investigated as a catalyst for CO oxidative coupling to diethyl oxalate and CeO2 was used as a promoter as well. With the highest activity and stability found so far, great CO conversion and diethyl oxalate selectivity were achieved due to the addition of CeO2.
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