Macedoniae acta archaeologica No. 25 (2022), pp. 131-149
As part of the rich repertoire of movable finds from the Eneolithic period on the territory of th... more As part of the rich repertoire of movable finds from the Eneolithic period on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, terracotta objects, mostly on 4 legs, with a receptacle, are observed. They are known under several names - ritual tables, sacrificial altars, cult tables, altars, lamps, altar tables. They trace their roots back to the Neolithic, and as a tradition continue in the 5th and 4th millennium BC, during the development of the Eneolithic. 51 objects of this type belonging to the Eneolithic have been published in the scientific literature. Additional 105 tables are registered in the museum records of the National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia. Their number is significantly smaller compared to other items related to ritual activities - the figurines. The site of St.Athanasius at Spančevo is the only one that stands out. 105, out of the total number of 156 processed ritual tables were discovered there. The largest concentration of objects of this type is in the Early Eneolithic and then at the end of the Late Eneolithic.
Mobility is particularly important for the socio-economic and socio-cultural processes in the com... more Mobility is particularly important for the socio-economic and socio-cultural processes in the communities and it is the basic precondition for the exchange not only of material goods, but of skills and ideas as well. The analysis of the material culture provides insight into the communication, the establishment of the contact networks between the different cultural groups, the changes in the communities and retaining of the traditions.
Керамика од енеолитскиот период од локалитетот Врањак, с. Варвара (истражувања од 2007 година), во: Зборник на Археолошки музеј 14, 33-47, Скопје. , 2022
In the region of Skopje, the Chalcolithic is distinguished as a separate entity with a material c... more In the region of Skopje, the Chalcolithic is distinguished as a separate entity with a material culture that has characteristics closely correlated to the geographic location and the vicinity of the neighbouring culture groups. The analysis of the ceramic material in the settlement of Vranjak near the village of Varvara, confirms this opinion. Namely, the ceramics has numerous similarities with the settlements within in the Bubanj-Hum Ia, along the valley of South Morava, and the settlements in the region of Bor, near one of the Balkan centres for copper mining. At the same time, there are noticeable differences with the regional culture group Shuplevec-Bakarno Gumno.
Елементи на Бубањ-Салкуца-Криводол во доцниот енеолит по долината на Брегалница, Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 22, 41-58, Скопје., 2020
The valley of the river Bregalnica during the Eneolithic will play a significant role in the Eneo... more The valley of the river Bregalnica during the Eneolithic will play a significant role in the Eneolithicization of Macedonia. Since the early Eneolithic, this communication was used for the penetration of cultural values from the east, from the early Eneolithic cultural complex Gradeshnica-Slatino-Dikili Tash. It will retain its role as a bearer of cultural innovations during the late Eneolithic.
Остатоци од доцнонеолитските традиции во керамиката на раниот енеолит во Македонија, во: Фиданоски Љ. – Наумов Г. (ед.) Неолитот во Македонија: во чест на Воислав Санев, 157-175, Скопје., 2019
The Early Chalcolithic period on the territory of Macedonia marks the end of the Late Neolithic... more The Early Chalcolithic period on the territory of Macedonia marks the end of the Late Neolithic cultures’ development and the emergence of new cultural features that are characteristical for the new Chalcolithic culture. These cultural elements have no prior local development in these areas and they originate from the territories east or north of Macedonia. At the same time, in the material culture of this period’s settlements we also find remnants of Late Neolithic manifestations. The old Neolithic traditions are first and foremost reflected in the pottery production. Certain forms and decorative techniques within the pottery, as well as other ceramic objects, which bear major features of the Late Neolithic, will continue their life within the new culture. During the Chalcolithic they will receive somewhat different variations than in the Neolithic, but their basis will remain undoubtedly Late Neolithic. This phenomenon is also observed within the ceramic objects with symbolic meaning.
This parallel existence of old and new cultural features will last until the end of the Early Chalcolithic, and during the Late Chalcolithic objects that still bear Late Neolithic roots would give their place to the pure Chalcolithic elements.
2018, Landscape, performance and ritual activities at the Eneolithic sanctuary at St. Atanasij, Spanchevo, In: Dejan Gjorgjievski (ed.) Giving gift to God: evidences of votive offerings in the sanctuaries, temples and churches, 17-30, Kumanovo.
Traces of ritual activities in the Eneolithic are usually closely related to other, secular in na... more Traces of ritual activities in the Eneolithic are usually closely related to other, secular in nature, activities and found in buildings within the settlements.
The sanctuary at Spanchevo is a unique occurrence in the Early Eneolithic, as it is the case of an open-air sanctuary, located outside the settlement. The site itself is abundant with symbolic objects, everyday items and evidence of a large scale communal ritual practice. Through these finds this paper will focus on the character of the Eneolithic ritual activities, trying to assess the diverse aspects of the rituals performed at the sanctuary.
Macedoniae acta archaeologica No. 25 (2022), pp. 131-149
As part of the rich repertoire of movable finds from the Eneolithic period on the territory of th... more As part of the rich repertoire of movable finds from the Eneolithic period on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, terracotta objects, mostly on 4 legs, with a receptacle, are observed. They are known under several names - ritual tables, sacrificial altars, cult tables, altars, lamps, altar tables. They trace their roots back to the Neolithic, and as a tradition continue in the 5th and 4th millennium BC, during the development of the Eneolithic. 51 objects of this type belonging to the Eneolithic have been published in the scientific literature. Additional 105 tables are registered in the museum records of the National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia. Their number is significantly smaller compared to other items related to ritual activities - the figurines. The site of St.Athanasius at Spančevo is the only one that stands out. 105, out of the total number of 156 processed ritual tables were discovered there. The largest concentration of objects of this type is in the Early Eneolithic and then at the end of the Late Eneolithic.
Mobility is particularly important for the socio-economic and socio-cultural processes in the com... more Mobility is particularly important for the socio-economic and socio-cultural processes in the communities and it is the basic precondition for the exchange not only of material goods, but of skills and ideas as well. The analysis of the material culture provides insight into the communication, the establishment of the contact networks between the different cultural groups, the changes in the communities and retaining of the traditions.
Керамика од енеолитскиот период од локалитетот Врањак, с. Варвара (истражувања од 2007 година), во: Зборник на Археолошки музеј 14, 33-47, Скопје. , 2022
In the region of Skopje, the Chalcolithic is distinguished as a separate entity with a material c... more In the region of Skopje, the Chalcolithic is distinguished as a separate entity with a material culture that has characteristics closely correlated to the geographic location and the vicinity of the neighbouring culture groups. The analysis of the ceramic material in the settlement of Vranjak near the village of Varvara, confirms this opinion. Namely, the ceramics has numerous similarities with the settlements within in the Bubanj-Hum Ia, along the valley of South Morava, and the settlements in the region of Bor, near one of the Balkan centres for copper mining. At the same time, there are noticeable differences with the regional culture group Shuplevec-Bakarno Gumno.
Елементи на Бубањ-Салкуца-Криводол во доцниот енеолит по долината на Брегалница, Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 22, 41-58, Скопје., 2020
The valley of the river Bregalnica during the Eneolithic will play a significant role in the Eneo... more The valley of the river Bregalnica during the Eneolithic will play a significant role in the Eneolithicization of Macedonia. Since the early Eneolithic, this communication was used for the penetration of cultural values from the east, from the early Eneolithic cultural complex Gradeshnica-Slatino-Dikili Tash. It will retain its role as a bearer of cultural innovations during the late Eneolithic.
Остатоци од доцнонеолитските традиции во керамиката на раниот енеолит во Македонија, во: Фиданоски Љ. – Наумов Г. (ед.) Неолитот во Македонија: во чест на Воислав Санев, 157-175, Скопје., 2019
The Early Chalcolithic period on the territory of Macedonia marks the end of the Late Neolithic... more The Early Chalcolithic period on the territory of Macedonia marks the end of the Late Neolithic cultures’ development and the emergence of new cultural features that are characteristical for the new Chalcolithic culture. These cultural elements have no prior local development in these areas and they originate from the territories east or north of Macedonia. At the same time, in the material culture of this period’s settlements we also find remnants of Late Neolithic manifestations. The old Neolithic traditions are first and foremost reflected in the pottery production. Certain forms and decorative techniques within the pottery, as well as other ceramic objects, which bear major features of the Late Neolithic, will continue their life within the new culture. During the Chalcolithic they will receive somewhat different variations than in the Neolithic, but their basis will remain undoubtedly Late Neolithic. This phenomenon is also observed within the ceramic objects with symbolic meaning.
This parallel existence of old and new cultural features will last until the end of the Early Chalcolithic, and during the Late Chalcolithic objects that still bear Late Neolithic roots would give their place to the pure Chalcolithic elements.
2018, Landscape, performance and ritual activities at the Eneolithic sanctuary at St. Atanasij, Spanchevo, In: Dejan Gjorgjievski (ed.) Giving gift to God: evidences of votive offerings in the sanctuaries, temples and churches, 17-30, Kumanovo.
Traces of ritual activities in the Eneolithic are usually closely related to other, secular in na... more Traces of ritual activities in the Eneolithic are usually closely related to other, secular in nature, activities and found in buildings within the settlements.
The sanctuary at Spanchevo is a unique occurrence in the Early Eneolithic, as it is the case of an open-air sanctuary, located outside the settlement. The site itself is abundant with symbolic objects, everyday items and evidence of a large scale communal ritual practice. Through these finds this paper will focus on the character of the Eneolithic ritual activities, trying to assess the diverse aspects of the rituals performed at the sanctuary.
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Papers by Marina Spirova
They are known under several names - ritual tables, sacrificial altars, cult tables, altars, lamps, altar tables.
They trace their roots back to the Neolithic, and as a tradition continue in the 5th and 4th millennium BC, during the development of the Eneolithic. 51 objects of this type belonging to the Eneolithic have been published in the scientific literature. Additional 105 tables are registered in the museum records of the National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia. Their number is significantly smaller compared to other items related to ritual activities - the figurines. The site of St.Athanasius at Spančevo is the only one that stands out. 105, out of
the total number of 156 processed ritual tables were discovered there. The largest concentration of objects of this type is in the Early Eneolithic and then at the end of the Late Eneolithic.
The analysis of the material culture provides insight into the communication, the establishment of the contact networks between the different cultural groups, the changes in the communities and
retaining of the traditions.
This parallel existence of old and new cultural features will last until the end of the Early Chalcolithic, and during the Late Chalcolithic objects that still bear Late Neolithic roots would give their place to the pure Chalcolithic elements.
The sanctuary at Spanchevo is a unique occurrence in the Early Eneolithic, as it is the case of an open-air sanctuary, located outside the settlement. The site itself is abundant with symbolic objects, everyday items and evidence of a large scale communal ritual practice. Through these finds this paper will focus on the character of the Eneolithic ritual activities, trying to assess the diverse aspects of the rituals performed at the sanctuary.
Books by Marina Spirova
They are known under several names - ritual tables, sacrificial altars, cult tables, altars, lamps, altar tables.
They trace their roots back to the Neolithic, and as a tradition continue in the 5th and 4th millennium BC, during the development of the Eneolithic. 51 objects of this type belonging to the Eneolithic have been published in the scientific literature. Additional 105 tables are registered in the museum records of the National Institution Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia. Their number is significantly smaller compared to other items related to ritual activities - the figurines. The site of St.Athanasius at Spančevo is the only one that stands out. 105, out of
the total number of 156 processed ritual tables were discovered there. The largest concentration of objects of this type is in the Early Eneolithic and then at the end of the Late Eneolithic.
The analysis of the material culture provides insight into the communication, the establishment of the contact networks between the different cultural groups, the changes in the communities and
retaining of the traditions.
This parallel existence of old and new cultural features will last until the end of the Early Chalcolithic, and during the Late Chalcolithic objects that still bear Late Neolithic roots would give their place to the pure Chalcolithic elements.
The sanctuary at Spanchevo is a unique occurrence in the Early Eneolithic, as it is the case of an open-air sanctuary, located outside the settlement. The site itself is abundant with symbolic objects, everyday items and evidence of a large scale communal ritual practice. Through these finds this paper will focus on the character of the Eneolithic ritual activities, trying to assess the diverse aspects of the rituals performed at the sanctuary.