In this paper the different categories of prefabricated building systems for residential building... more In this paper the different categories of prefabricated building systems for residential buildings in Bulgaria are first discussed. The most important problems of the "large-panel system" for residential buildings are commented. Contemporary techniques for rehabilitation and strengthening are presented. Finally, a few general conclusions and recommendations are given. Keywords—rehabilitation and strengthening of existing buildings, FRP techniques
In the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia a research project has ... more In the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia a research project has started in 2018 aiming to investigate the possibilities of local production and application of high- strength concrete (or even UHPFRC) for strengthening existing structures in Bulgaria. Under this project laboratory tests of steel orthotropic bridge deck specimens as well as reinforced concrete beams, strengthened with high-strength concrete are performed. All elements are strengthened with an additional layer of high-strength concrete with thickness of 50mm on top.The results obtained from the tests are summarized in this article. Comparative analysis showing the effect of this strengthening method is also presented. At the end summary and conclusions are drawn. Future steps for enhancing and promoting this strengthening technique in Bulgaria are outlined.
It is estimated that non-engineered construction accounts for more than half of the buildings in ... more It is estimated that non-engineered construction accounts for more than half of the buildings in most of the cities of the developing world. These buildings account for most of the collapses and fatalities during earthquakes. To address this problem, the possible solutions are either to limit their construction in highly seismic zones or strengthen the existing ones. Lack of integrity of a building’s structural elements, improper detailing of a building’s structural elements and low quality of construction materials are typical problems found in many of these structures due to misconceptions, lack of guidelines and skilled technicians. In this work, some of the most popular strengthening techniques for non-engineered buildings based on different case studies from various countries are presented. General conclusions and recommendations, which may serve as guidelines for future rehabilitation works, are drawn.
For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are ve... more For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral ...
IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure
The paper deals with three intervention techniques implemented for the rehabilitation and strengt... more The paper deals with three intervention techniques implemented for the rehabilitation and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the Bulgarian construction practice. Some of the main details of the conceptual design are presented: 1) identification of vulnerabilities and evaluation of deficiencies; 2) understanding the performance of the existing structures;3) determining the level of intervention; 4) analysis of possible intervention materials; 5)assessing available information, documents, historical context, etc.; 6) preparing individual strategies for interventions.The analyzed examples give the basic of different procedures for improvement the performance of three classic reinforced concrete structures. The analysis aims (1) to discover the problems in the design of interventions in the specific cases, (2) to discuss the question for interventions, (3) to show how interventions on existing structures can be reached successfully under current conditions and restr...
For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are ve... more For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral ...
IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs
The presented paper analyzes the influence of the choice of floor systems on the sustainability o... more The presented paper analyzes the influence of the choice of floor systems on the sustainability of the whole structure. The paper deals with some of the most popular seismic-resistant structures for buildings – reinforced concrete ductile wall and frame systems. Finding the optimal solution that meets the architectural and structural requirements, while giving a minimal environmental footprint is a challenging task.The aim of the paper is to make a comparison of different design solutions, based on their structural analysis, in order to demonstrate the influence of our engineering decisions on the environmental impact.
IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs
Conservation engineering is a relatively new and exciting field. Engineers are still educated tod... more Conservation engineering is a relatively new and exciting field. Engineers are still educated today mainly oriented to new construction, but the modern understanding is to preserve the heritage and to plan the appropriate interventions on historic structures. Finding the potential for future use of heritage buildings is an act of sustainable development. Extending their service life leads to an appreciation of the art of structural engineering. The paper aims to present the basic concepts of the contemporary methodology for conservation of historical buildings/structures, how to understand the behavior of the structure through some basic details, how to proceed in case of modern adaptation for the contemporary conditions and how to make better appraisal of its potential for the future. Examples of analysis of structural systems and details and the possibilities for restoration and reinforcement of historical structures for vertical and seismic actions are considered.
For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are ve... more For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral ...
In this paper the different categories of prefabricated building systems for residential building... more In this paper the different categories of prefabricated building systems for residential buildings in Bulgaria are first discussed. The most important problems of the "large-panel system" for residential buildings are commented. Contemporary techniques for rehabilitation and strengthening are presented. Finally, a few general conclusions and recommendations are given. Keywords—rehabilitation and strengthening of existing buildings, FRP techniques
In the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia a research project has ... more In the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia a research project has started in 2018 aiming to investigate the possibilities of local production and application of high- strength concrete (or even UHPFRC) for strengthening existing structures in Bulgaria. Under this project laboratory tests of steel orthotropic bridge deck specimens as well as reinforced concrete beams, strengthened with high-strength concrete are performed. All elements are strengthened with an additional layer of high-strength concrete with thickness of 50mm on top.The results obtained from the tests are summarized in this article. Comparative analysis showing the effect of this strengthening method is also presented. At the end summary and conclusions are drawn. Future steps for enhancing and promoting this strengthening technique in Bulgaria are outlined.
It is estimated that non-engineered construction accounts for more than half of the buildings in ... more It is estimated that non-engineered construction accounts for more than half of the buildings in most of the cities of the developing world. These buildings account for most of the collapses and fatalities during earthquakes. To address this problem, the possible solutions are either to limit their construction in highly seismic zones or strengthen the existing ones. Lack of integrity of a building’s structural elements, improper detailing of a building’s structural elements and low quality of construction materials are typical problems found in many of these structures due to misconceptions, lack of guidelines and skilled technicians. In this work, some of the most popular strengthening techniques for non-engineered buildings based on different case studies from various countries are presented. General conclusions and recommendations, which may serve as guidelines for future rehabilitation works, are drawn.
For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are ve... more For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral ...
IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure
The paper deals with three intervention techniques implemented for the rehabilitation and strengt... more The paper deals with three intervention techniques implemented for the rehabilitation and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the Bulgarian construction practice. Some of the main details of the conceptual design are presented: 1) identification of vulnerabilities and evaluation of deficiencies; 2) understanding the performance of the existing structures;3) determining the level of intervention; 4) analysis of possible intervention materials; 5)assessing available information, documents, historical context, etc.; 6) preparing individual strategies for interventions.The analyzed examples give the basic of different procedures for improvement the performance of three classic reinforced concrete structures. The analysis aims (1) to discover the problems in the design of interventions in the specific cases, (2) to discuss the question for interventions, (3) to show how interventions on existing structures can be reached successfully under current conditions and restr...
For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are ve... more For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral ...
IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs
The presented paper analyzes the influence of the choice of floor systems on the sustainability o... more The presented paper analyzes the influence of the choice of floor systems on the sustainability of the whole structure. The paper deals with some of the most popular seismic-resistant structures for buildings – reinforced concrete ductile wall and frame systems. Finding the optimal solution that meets the architectural and structural requirements, while giving a minimal environmental footprint is a challenging task.The aim of the paper is to make a comparison of different design solutions, based on their structural analysis, in order to demonstrate the influence of our engineering decisions on the environmental impact.
IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs
Conservation engineering is a relatively new and exciting field. Engineers are still educated tod... more Conservation engineering is a relatively new and exciting field. Engineers are still educated today mainly oriented to new construction, but the modern understanding is to preserve the heritage and to plan the appropriate interventions on historic structures. Finding the potential for future use of heritage buildings is an act of sustainable development. Extending their service life leads to an appreciation of the art of structural engineering. The paper aims to present the basic concepts of the contemporary methodology for conservation of historical buildings/structures, how to understand the behavior of the structure through some basic details, how to proceed in case of modern adaptation for the contemporary conditions and how to make better appraisal of its potential for the future. Examples of analysis of structural systems and details and the possibilities for restoration and reinforcement of historical structures for vertical and seismic actions are considered.
For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are ve... more For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral ...
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Papers by Marina Traykova