A TREASURE WAS FOUND! MONETARY DISCOVERIES REPORTED IN THE ROMANIAN NEWSPAPERS (1874–1944)
Câtev... more A TREASURE WAS FOUND! MONETARY DISCOVERIES REPORTED IN THE ROMANIAN NEWSPAPERS (1874–1944)
Câteva cifre: 400 de articole din presa românească referitoare la descoperiri monetare, identificate, redate și adnotate (1874-1944). 272 de descoperiri monetare unice, dintre care cel puțin 89 sunt descoperiri inedite, nesemnalate până în prezent. Alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de „comori”, fără a fi menționate monede, zvonuri și descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate (inclusiv de monedă românească), „depuneri” de monede, „săpături” ilegale, denunțuri și crime în contextul unor descoperiri. 271 de localități din România nominalizate direct, la care se adaugă peste 100 din Basarabia, Ucraina, Bulgaria, Serbia, Ungaria și alte țări. Tabele referitoare la: Monumente înscrise în LMI vs. înregistrări din RAN. Arheologi acreditați vs. autorizații de deținere a detectoarelor de metal, pe județe. Evoluția legislației cu privire la regimul descoperirilor și deținerea de monede din metal prețios (sec. XIX-XXI). Analize asupra descoperirilor, urmate de câteva categorii de indici, studiu introductiv în limbile română și engleză, bibliografie.
Lucrarea nu se adresează doar istoricilor (arheologi, numismați, muzeografi, autori de monografii locale) și studenților, ci are ca grupuri țință și profesorii de istorie, colecționarii, posesorii de autorizații de deținere și utilizare a detectoarelor de metal, volumul fiind util juriștilor și polițiștilor din domeniul patrimoniului cultural, jurnaliștilor și cercetătorilor istoriei presei, dar și pasionaților de istorie. Volumul are la bază 400 articole din presă referitoare la descoperiri monetare din perioada 1874-1944, identificate în paginile a 51 de publicații românești, articolele fiind redate și adnotate. Dintre cele 400 de articole, 272 se referă la descoperiri unice, dintre care minimum 89 la descoperiri inedite de tezaure (nesemnalate în literatura numismatică). Urmează alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de "comori", fără a fi menționate monede, descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate ș.a.m.d.
Bibliografia numismatică a judeţului Buzău / The numismatic bibliography of the Buzău county, 2023
Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău însumează 463 de referințe bibliografice însoțite de n... more Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău însumează 463 de referințe bibliografice însoțite de note despre tipul descoperirilor menționate și aduce în atenția cititorilor dificultățile generate de schimbările administrative și fluctuațiile granițelor formațiunilor istorice care constituie actualul județ Buzău. Pasiunii autorului pentru studiul istoriei județului Buzău, precum și pentru studiul numismaticii, stau mărturie eforturile sale de a identifica informații despre descoperiri monetare inedite păstrate, pe de-o parte, în arhive și pe de altă parte, în scurte articole de presă locală, surse care surprind referințe despre tezaure pierdute și rămase necunoscute. Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău devine astfel un ghid pentru istoria circulației monetare, precum și pentru istoria colecțiilor din muzeele românești, care păstrează în patrimoniul lor piese singulare sau tezaure descoperite în acest spațiu intens tranzitat de-a lungul secolelor.
Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău includes 463 bibliographical references accompanied by notes on the type of finds mentioned and brings to the readers’ attention the difficulties generated by the administrative changes and fluctuations of the boundaries of the historical formations that constitute the present Buzău County. The author’s passion for the study of the history of Buzău County, as well as for the study of numismatics, is evidenced by his efforts to identify information about unpublished monetary discoveries preserved, on the one hand, in archives and, on the other hand, in short articles in the local press, sources that capture references to lost and unknown hoards. The numismatic bibliography of Buzau county thus becomes a guide to the history of monetary circulation, as well as to the history of the collections in Romanian museums, which preserve in their collections isolated pieces or hoards discovered in this area, which has been intensely transited over the centuries.
"Heritage and Education Bulletin"
Was been conceived, edited and printed by the National History ... more "Heritage and Education Bulletin" Was been conceived, edited and printed by the National History Museum of Romania and the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, through the project “Heritage and Adult Education” (HAEd), ref. no. 2021-2-RO01-KA210-ADU-000048413, financed by the European Union through the Erasmus Plus Program (2021-2027) with the amount of 30.000 Euro. ISBN: 978-973-0-38372-0 128 pages 23 works 21 authors 7 institutions in Croatia and Romania Cornel-Constantin Ilie (ed.), Marius Neculae (ed.)
„Închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat în sistemul penitenciar românesc (1862-1947)” (Editura Polirom, ... more „Închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat în sistemul penitenciar românesc (1862-1947)” (Editura Polirom, 2023, 376 pp.),
Fiind o primă monografie de închisoare prerepublicană românească din ultimii 90 de ani (1930) și dorind să ofere o imagine completă și cursivă, lucrarea tratează, cronologic, fenomenul carceral de la Râmnicu Sărat în raport cu sistemul penitenciar românesc în ansamblul său, dar și în raport cu urbea și din prisma interacțiunii cu factorii externi. O ultimă dimensiune este cea referitoare la percepția comunității asupra fenomenului penitenciar la Râmnicu Sărat și la inițiativele de memorializare a trecutului. Cartea are o prefață semnată de către domnul prof. univ. dr. habil. Florin Müller (coordonatorul lucrării) și o postfață de dr. habil. Cosmin Budeancă, lucrarea beneficiind de sprijinul Institutului de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului şi Memoria Exilului Românesc şi al Consiliului Local şi Primăriei Municipiului Râmnicu Sărat prin Centrul Cultural „Florica Cristoforeanu”. Sper că prin acest demers am reușit să umplu goluri, să îndrept erori și să răspund la unele întrebări cu privire la închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat și sistemul penitenciar din România.
RÂMNICU SĂRAT IN DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS OF THE CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (1949-1986)
After the ... more RÂMNICU SĂRAT IN DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (1949-1986) After the Second World War, for over four decades, the World was divided into two political-military blocs, the Western one, led by the United States, the exponent of democracy and capitalism, while the communist states, “guided” by the Soviet Union sought the communalization of other regions, the system being based, in fact, on the right of force. Thus, the Cold War (1947-1991) took place, a period of tension on a global scale, interspersed with low-intensity conflicts (civil wars, revolutions), marked by an arming race (including nuclear), propaganda campaigns and espionage activities carried out globally. Râmnicu Sărat, as a city in a country controlled by the Soviets and having some strategic, military and economic importance, through the settlement, the presence of some military units and industrial objectives, came quickly under the radar of the foreign intelligence services of the United States - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In the recent years, based on “The Freedom of Information Act” (FOIA), an order that ensures free access to the documents of historical interest and older than 25 years created and managed by the federal government agencies, the CIA has made available to the public from all over the World a series of documents from the Cold War period, initially classified132 “Confidential” (“C”), “Secret” (“S”) and “Top Secret” (“T”), relased even on its own website.
Râmnicu Sărat and the Romanian Revolution of 1989
(Abstract)
Starting from several practical nee... more Râmnicu Sărat and the Romanian Revolution of 1989 (Abstract)
Starting from several practical needs (the Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat not having enough sources about the Romanian Revolution), and considering that the events happened in 1989 in Râmnicu Sărat deserve a monography, this paper aims at revealing these events and placing them into a larger and more comprehensive context, which is passing from communism to democracy in Romania. Thus, this paper tries to analyze and to give details about new historiographical sources, to clarify information and to put in the foreground the Râmnicu Sărat’s martyrs, to identify the fighters and other people involved. For this work we have used a variety of sources: books, photos, documents, magazines and newspapers, but the main part consists of interviews and testimonials taken from eyewitnesses of the events. In order to be objective, we tried, as much as possible, to identify and contact participants from all categories, even with antagonistic roles such as: representatives of the new installed democratic power (the president of the revolutionary committee, the new mayor, members of the revolutionary board), representatives of the communist regime (the former first secretary, directors), and simple participants or witnesses of the events. Regarding the information received from the interviewees, if it was difficult to identify and to convince some persons, it was even harder to be objective and to distinguish wrong and uncertain information from these oral sources. If in case of written sources it is a lower possibility of subjectivity, in case of some interviewees we were hit by the exaggerations of their own merits, the hiding of the others’ actions, and with the oblivion of some actions, which is normal if we take into account the fact that 26 years have passed from the events. As to the martyrs, we have two civilian victims in the city (Fifere Ionel and Ciocîrlan Romeo), another civilian shot in Bucharest, near to the Public Romanian Television (Dan Costel Gigel), an officer fallen in Buzău (Apostoiu Cornel), one military shot in Otopeni during a replacement (Florian Iulian) and another two fallen in Târgoviște in their military bases (Munteanu Mircea Ștefan and Dascălu Costel), and two military from other counties who were fulfilling their military service in Râmnicu Sărat, fallen in Otopeni (Zimbru Gheorghe and Covacs Laszlo). Besides subjects as sources, martyrs, participants and chronology of the events happened in Râmnicu Sărat during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, we mentioned in our approach some additional subjects such as: previous events (the protest messages written in the city in 1987 – an original and interesting event) and subsequent subjects (political and social evolution in the nineties).
The hoard discovered at Deduleşti (15th-17th centuries)
This paper refers to a coins hoard disco... more The hoard discovered at Deduleşti (15th-17th centuries)
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in Deduleşti, commune Topliceni, Buzǎu County in 1988. The 593 pieces are an excellent radiography of monetary circulation in Muntenia region in the middle of the seventeenth century, among them being coins of high value used for larger transactions and small coins required in daily transactions. Thus, Deduleşti hoard contains thalers struck in the Dutch provinces, Spain (including the colonies in America) and the Holy Roman Empire and also Hungarian denarii and Polish coins (½ groats, 3 groats and ¼ thaler). The hoard has no one Ottoman coin and the most probable this is a consequence of the monetary debasement in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government began to close down the mints and the volume of silver coin production declined significantly in the seventeenth century. The oldest pieces from Deduleşti hoard are Hungarian denarii struck in the second half of the fifteenth century. The latest coin of the hoard is a Dutch thaler issued in 1660. Most probable the hoard was buried during the revolt from Wallachia against Ottoman Empire in the years 1659/1660.
Râmnicu Sărat - Public statues, commemorative
monuments and plaques
Râmnicu Sărat is a city wit... more Râmnicu Sărat - Public statues, commemorative
monuments and plaques
Râmnicu Sărat is a city with a rich history, these places
being related to national events and personalities. Through this
region many historical personalities had passed like Stephen
the Great, Constantin Brancoveanu, Al. Ioan Cuza, Carol I and
in the city or in neighbouring places many battles were held.
Here there were important military bases, but also a terrifying
prison. Therefore, it is a normal fact to have here many
personalities‟ statues and monuments dedicated to promoters of
past events (heroes, victims, simbols or just valuable people of
the city).
This paper aims at compiling important information
about these testimonies and revealing unpublished or less
known sources, in order to become a real Râmnicu Sărat‟s
guide in this field.
This paper has proposed to bring to the light documents on the life and work of painter Petre Ior... more This paper has proposed to bring to the light documents on the life and work of painter Petre Iorgulescu-Yor (1890-1939), the documents that are in the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collections.
Born in Râmnicu Sărat, he studied painting in Paris and worked mainly in Balcic and Constanta, on the Black Sea seaside, at Sighisoara and the Dalmatian coast, exhibit his paintings in Romanian and French Official Salons, receive even the Gold Medal at the International Exhibition in Barcelona (1929).
In 29 April 1939, sick, he committed suicide at 39 years only.
The paper refers to the biography of the painter, rebuilt from existing sources in museum collections and contemporary media, about the success of his paintings at auction houses sales and about exhibitions in recent years.
Unpublished until present, appear here, Iorgulescu's albums and testament
Coins from the collection of the "Octavian Moșescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat (1st-19th C... more Coins from the collection of the "Octavian Moșescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat (1st-19th Centuries) The aim of this paper is to present 27 coins in the collection of the "Octavian Mosescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat, received as donations or purchased between the years 1980-1995 and 2016. The series presented consists of: Roman and Byzantine coins (6 ex.), issues of the kings of Hungary (5 ex.), Polish-Lithuanian Union (6 ex.), Wallachia (1 ex.), the Ottoman Empire (1 ex.), Habsburg Empire (4 ex.), the Principality of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1 ex.) and "Sadagura" (3 ex.), the oldest being a denarius issued by Vespasianus (69-71), and the latest ones being from the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Keywords: coins, metal detector, donation, coin acquisition.
The tunnels under Râmnicu Sărat: truth or legend?
„Spații culturale” („Cultural spaces”), n0. 87... more The tunnels under Râmnicu Sărat: truth or legend? „Spații culturale” („Cultural spaces”), n0. 87/2023 (martie-aprilie), pp. 12-15, ISSN: 2065-2984.
A sealable matrix of the Prevention and Correction Arrest of District Râmnicu Sărat from the pe... more A sealable matrix of the Prevention and Correction Arrest of District Râmnicu Sărat from the period of the United Principalities
Seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum (1851 – 1920)
Keywords: ... more Seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum (1851 – 1920)
Keywords: seal matrix, Ramnicu Sarat, Wallachian eagle, horse, coat of arms, former counties. Cuvinte cheie: matrice sigilară, Ramnicu Sărat, acvila Țării Românești, calul, stemă, foste județe. This paper aims to present 4 circular seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum, that were issued between 1851 and aproximately 1920, being in use of the organisations (associations, institutions and authorities) from the former Ramnicu Sarat county. First matrix (copper, 31 mm, incision) was, since 1851, in use of the association of merchants and craftsmen who paid a certain tax called the patent. It has, as central design of the die, the Wallachian eagle with the head turned on the right and a cross in its beak. Under the eagle is the year ″1851‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Cyrillic alphabet. The eagle, ancient symbol of Wallachia, can be documented in the 18th and 19th centuries on many seal matrices, as casts on documents and decoration, alone, in various variants. After 1862, the Wallachian eagle shares the shield from design of seal matrices together with the Moldavian auroch, as coat of arms of United Principalities of Romania. The eagle symbolizes courage, determination, flight to heights. The second (copper, 36 mm, excision) was in use of the Ramnicu Sarat county hospital, since 1882. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right, and bellow the year ″1882‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet. The third seal matrix (copper, 40 mm, incision) belonged to the commune of Corbu, former Ramnicu Sarat county, since 1919. It has, as central design of the die, a crowned polish shield, with a horse in the center and the numbers 19-19 (right-left). The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet. The fourth (copper, 31 mm, excision, poor state of conservation) was in the use of Prefecture of the Ramnicu Sarat county, existing few known casts of it on the documents from the National Archives of Romania, from the third decade of the 20st Century. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet. The use of the horse, galloping to the right, on the seal matrices, as symbol of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, can be documented on other 325 matrices that are keept at the National Archives of Romania, on one from a private collection, as well , as casts, on hundred documents issued by organisations from the city and from the former Ramnicu Sarat county. These seal matrices, as historical sources, are important for the local history, showing us the evolution and use of the symbols of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, as well the evolution of the ogranisations that they have belonged.
Abstract:
Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, le... more Abstract: Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, letters and testimonies have begun to draw the attention of researchers, who have introduced them into the scientific circuit, they also draw the attention of the general public. Our paper proposes to present six postcards and two letters written between February 16th, 1940 and September 3rd, 1943, by Cocoş Bucur, soldier in the 8th Infantry Regiment, photographs and personal documents belonging to him. Cocoş Bucur was born on April 1st, 1908 in Valea Raţei, in the former county of Râmnicu Sărat (today, a village in the commune of Murgeşti, Buzău County), as son of Frăţilă and Tudora Cocoș. He became church singer at the “Saint Parascheva” Church in Râmnicu Sărat, and on July 25th, 1936 he married with Joița Datcu (December 19th, 1916 – February 4th, 2009), from their marriage resulting four children: Constanţa (1938-2012), Teodora (1940-1996), Matei (1942-1994) and Elena (1944-2018). He participated in the military concentration in 1940, and on July 7th, 1942, he was finally called under arms at the 8th Infantry Regiment in Buzău. Few days before Romania joined the interests the United Nations, on August 8th, 1944, being at the regiment, he fell victim to American aviation that bombarded Buzău in the Frantic operation. The little documentary fund is now the property of the descendants who made them available to us.
Revista de Cercetari Arheologice si Numismatice, 2018
A NEW COIN HOARD DISCOVERED AT BLĂJANI, BUZĂU COUNTY (16TH CENTURY)
The author presents a coin h... more A NEW COIN HOARD DISCOVERED AT BLĂJANI, BUZĂU COUNTY (16TH CENTURY)
The author presents a coin hoard from the 16th century discovered on October 10, 2016 on the territory of Blăjani village, Buzău County. The hoard is a mixed one, consisting of 60 pieces, coins and fragments of coins, minted in gold (2) and silver (58). These coins were issued between 1506 and 1599, in Utrecht (a ducat), Cezayir (an altin), Tyrol (two thalers), Transylvania (grossus triplex-1), Poland (grossus triplex-1; grossus-1; ½ grossus-3), Riga (grossus triplex-2), Lithuania (grossus-1; ½ grossus-1), Gdansk (grossus-2), Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia (one grossus for each) and 38 denarii (63.33% of the treasure), issued by the Habsburgs, as kings of Hungary, all at Kremnitz. Taking in account the fact that the last piece is issued in 1599 (grossus triplex issued by Sigismund III), the burial of this coin hoard is most likely the result of the clashes that took place in the area, between the Moldavian-Polish troops and those led by Baba Novac in October 1600.
Ramnicu Sarat is a town with a written history of several centuries, these places being related t... more Ramnicu Sarat is a town with a written history of several centuries, these places being related to various events and personalities, such as Stephen the Great, Constantin Brancoveanu, Aleksandr Suvorov, Alexandru Ioan Cuza. During the reign of Carol I, the town underwent a modernization process on urban, economic and cultural aspects. All began with the establishment of the county’s residence in Ramnicu Sarat (1862), the town being planned after that into the form we know today, the main avenues being drawn and architectural monuments and parks being built, as well as the old (1881) and the new railway station (1897), because the railway has been introduced, and last but not least, being solved the big and eternal problem of the town, the water supply. In the second half of the 19th century, when the danger of breaking the Union still existed, the area of Ramnicu Sarat could not be avoided by the new Prince, being the hub of the road between Wallachia and Moldavia. We have information about the numerous passes of Carol I through the town in the “memoirs” largely written by Mite Kremnitz, and in the two volumes of the diary translated by Vasile Doncea, for the autumn of 1901, when there were Royal Maneuvers in the region, and the King stayed three days in the town. Unfortunately, the offi cial (local) documents from that time are missing, being lost for the national archives, but we have a variety of contemporary sources, which have documented our approach: contemporary newspapers, the “Official Gazette” and postcards from the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collection. The Royal Maneuvers of Ramnicu Sarat were made on 28-30 September/11-13 October 1901, and we do know that the King was hosted in those days in the new palace of Mayor ConstantinLupescu, he attended two banquets held in the Administrative Palace (inaugurated in 1897), he visited public institutions such as the new prison (the future political prison), the hospital and the Secondary School.
The city of Râmnicu Sărat was under occupation of the Central Powers (Germany) between December ... more The city of Râmnicu Sărat was under occupation of the Central Powers (Germany) between December 1916 and December 1918. There were harsh moments for the city: forcible requisitions, compulsory labour, inspections, the replacement of the city’s elected leaders with others, more servile, humiliation. But it was also a moment of joy, of celebration. Annexed by the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Bucharest (1912), now, in the context of Russia’s dissolution, Bessarabia proclaimed its independence from Russia on 24th of January/ 6th of February 1918 and, on 27th of March/ 9th of April, the Country Council (elected Parliament of Bessarabia) proclaimed the Union of the province with the Kingdom of Romania. Soon, the news reached Râmnicu Sărat and authorities (even if they were imposed by the Germans, through „die Etappen Kommandatur 225”), had decided to organize a public celebration. Therefore, our paper aims, using contemporary documents, to present how the people of Râmnicu Sărat had reacted to, and celebrated the decision of Bessarabia’s leaders to proclaim the Union with Romania, on 12th- 4th of April 1918, similarly to other neighbouring cities (Buzău), and to show how, over a century after, on 22nd-23rd of April 2018, the authorities and people of the same city decided to celebrate this event, using an identical program and in the same places (on the basis of unpublished documents provided by us). The original documents used and presented in our work belong to the National Archives (Buzău County Service – the fund „The Town Hall of Râmnicu Sărat”), most of them being bilingual, written in Romanian and German languages.
Ramnicu Sarat’s budget under the German occupation (1917/1918)
Linked with the participation of ... more Ramnicu Sarat’s budget under the German occupation (1917/1918)
Linked with the participation of Ramnicu Sarat city in the 1st Word War, over the years, but most recently – with the ocasion of the Centenary of the Great Union - local history scholars have presented issues related to the Battle of Christmas (2/22 - 14/27 December 1916), the destructions caused by the Germans in the city and the fate of the Germans' monument in Racoviteni. Regarding the financial issues during the German occupation of Râmnicu Săra, we have information in documents written in Romanian and German, in the files related to the "Râmnicu Sărat City Hall" fund from 1917-1918 ("The structure and functioning of the public administration", "Financial issues "," Decisions of the Communal Council "), located at the Buzau County Service of National Archives. We mention that, in February 2018, only a small part of information from theese documents was published by the historian Valeriu Nicolescu, in the "Opinia" newspaper. Therefore, through this approach, we intend to analyze the composition of the "General budget of the Râmnicu Sarat Commune", during the years 1917-1918, starting with the conception, to rectification and execution. At the same time, we will have some considerations regarding expenditures, including salaries, reporting of communal expenses to the Stage 225 Command, making comparisations with previous and subsequent financial years.
A TREASURE WAS FOUND! MONETARY DISCOVERIES REPORTED IN THE ROMANIAN NEWSPAPERS (1874–1944)
Câtev... more A TREASURE WAS FOUND! MONETARY DISCOVERIES REPORTED IN THE ROMANIAN NEWSPAPERS (1874–1944)
Câteva cifre: 400 de articole din presa românească referitoare la descoperiri monetare, identificate, redate și adnotate (1874-1944). 272 de descoperiri monetare unice, dintre care cel puțin 89 sunt descoperiri inedite, nesemnalate până în prezent. Alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de „comori”, fără a fi menționate monede, zvonuri și descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate (inclusiv de monedă românească), „depuneri” de monede, „săpături” ilegale, denunțuri și crime în contextul unor descoperiri. 271 de localități din România nominalizate direct, la care se adaugă peste 100 din Basarabia, Ucraina, Bulgaria, Serbia, Ungaria și alte țări. Tabele referitoare la: Monumente înscrise în LMI vs. înregistrări din RAN. Arheologi acreditați vs. autorizații de deținere a detectoarelor de metal, pe județe. Evoluția legislației cu privire la regimul descoperirilor și deținerea de monede din metal prețios (sec. XIX-XXI). Analize asupra descoperirilor, urmate de câteva categorii de indici, studiu introductiv în limbile română și engleză, bibliografie.
Lucrarea nu se adresează doar istoricilor (arheologi, numismați, muzeografi, autori de monografii locale) și studenților, ci are ca grupuri țință și profesorii de istorie, colecționarii, posesorii de autorizații de deținere și utilizare a detectoarelor de metal, volumul fiind util juriștilor și polițiștilor din domeniul patrimoniului cultural, jurnaliștilor și cercetătorilor istoriei presei, dar și pasionaților de istorie. Volumul are la bază 400 articole din presă referitoare la descoperiri monetare din perioada 1874-1944, identificate în paginile a 51 de publicații românești, articolele fiind redate și adnotate. Dintre cele 400 de articole, 272 se referă la descoperiri unice, dintre care minimum 89 la descoperiri inedite de tezaure (nesemnalate în literatura numismatică). Urmează alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de "comori", fără a fi menționate monede, descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate ș.a.m.d.
Bibliografia numismatică a judeţului Buzău / The numismatic bibliography of the Buzău county, 2023
Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău însumează 463 de referințe bibliografice însoțite de n... more Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău însumează 463 de referințe bibliografice însoțite de note despre tipul descoperirilor menționate și aduce în atenția cititorilor dificultățile generate de schimbările administrative și fluctuațiile granițelor formațiunilor istorice care constituie actualul județ Buzău. Pasiunii autorului pentru studiul istoriei județului Buzău, precum și pentru studiul numismaticii, stau mărturie eforturile sale de a identifica informații despre descoperiri monetare inedite păstrate, pe de-o parte, în arhive și pe de altă parte, în scurte articole de presă locală, surse care surprind referințe despre tezaure pierdute și rămase necunoscute. Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău devine astfel un ghid pentru istoria circulației monetare, precum și pentru istoria colecțiilor din muzeele românești, care păstrează în patrimoniul lor piese singulare sau tezaure descoperite în acest spațiu intens tranzitat de-a lungul secolelor.
Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău includes 463 bibliographical references accompanied by notes on the type of finds mentioned and brings to the readers’ attention the difficulties generated by the administrative changes and fluctuations of the boundaries of the historical formations that constitute the present Buzău County. The author’s passion for the study of the history of Buzău County, as well as for the study of numismatics, is evidenced by his efforts to identify information about unpublished monetary discoveries preserved, on the one hand, in archives and, on the other hand, in short articles in the local press, sources that capture references to lost and unknown hoards. The numismatic bibliography of Buzau county thus becomes a guide to the history of monetary circulation, as well as to the history of the collections in Romanian museums, which preserve in their collections isolated pieces or hoards discovered in this area, which has been intensely transited over the centuries.
"Heritage and Education Bulletin"
Was been conceived, edited and printed by the National History ... more "Heritage and Education Bulletin" Was been conceived, edited and printed by the National History Museum of Romania and the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, through the project “Heritage and Adult Education” (HAEd), ref. no. 2021-2-RO01-KA210-ADU-000048413, financed by the European Union through the Erasmus Plus Program (2021-2027) with the amount of 30.000 Euro. ISBN: 978-973-0-38372-0 128 pages 23 works 21 authors 7 institutions in Croatia and Romania Cornel-Constantin Ilie (ed.), Marius Neculae (ed.)
„Închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat în sistemul penitenciar românesc (1862-1947)” (Editura Polirom, ... more „Închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat în sistemul penitenciar românesc (1862-1947)” (Editura Polirom, 2023, 376 pp.),
Fiind o primă monografie de închisoare prerepublicană românească din ultimii 90 de ani (1930) și dorind să ofere o imagine completă și cursivă, lucrarea tratează, cronologic, fenomenul carceral de la Râmnicu Sărat în raport cu sistemul penitenciar românesc în ansamblul său, dar și în raport cu urbea și din prisma interacțiunii cu factorii externi. O ultimă dimensiune este cea referitoare la percepția comunității asupra fenomenului penitenciar la Râmnicu Sărat și la inițiativele de memorializare a trecutului. Cartea are o prefață semnată de către domnul prof. univ. dr. habil. Florin Müller (coordonatorul lucrării) și o postfață de dr. habil. Cosmin Budeancă, lucrarea beneficiind de sprijinul Institutului de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului şi Memoria Exilului Românesc şi al Consiliului Local şi Primăriei Municipiului Râmnicu Sărat prin Centrul Cultural „Florica Cristoforeanu”. Sper că prin acest demers am reușit să umplu goluri, să îndrept erori și să răspund la unele întrebări cu privire la închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat și sistemul penitenciar din România.
RÂMNICU SĂRAT IN DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS OF THE CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (1949-1986)
After the ... more RÂMNICU SĂRAT IN DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (1949-1986) After the Second World War, for over four decades, the World was divided into two political-military blocs, the Western one, led by the United States, the exponent of democracy and capitalism, while the communist states, “guided” by the Soviet Union sought the communalization of other regions, the system being based, in fact, on the right of force. Thus, the Cold War (1947-1991) took place, a period of tension on a global scale, interspersed with low-intensity conflicts (civil wars, revolutions), marked by an arming race (including nuclear), propaganda campaigns and espionage activities carried out globally. Râmnicu Sărat, as a city in a country controlled by the Soviets and having some strategic, military and economic importance, through the settlement, the presence of some military units and industrial objectives, came quickly under the radar of the foreign intelligence services of the United States - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In the recent years, based on “The Freedom of Information Act” (FOIA), an order that ensures free access to the documents of historical interest and older than 25 years created and managed by the federal government agencies, the CIA has made available to the public from all over the World a series of documents from the Cold War period, initially classified132 “Confidential” (“C”), “Secret” (“S”) and “Top Secret” (“T”), relased even on its own website.
Râmnicu Sărat and the Romanian Revolution of 1989
(Abstract)
Starting from several practical nee... more Râmnicu Sărat and the Romanian Revolution of 1989 (Abstract)
Starting from several practical needs (the Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat not having enough sources about the Romanian Revolution), and considering that the events happened in 1989 in Râmnicu Sărat deserve a monography, this paper aims at revealing these events and placing them into a larger and more comprehensive context, which is passing from communism to democracy in Romania. Thus, this paper tries to analyze and to give details about new historiographical sources, to clarify information and to put in the foreground the Râmnicu Sărat’s martyrs, to identify the fighters and other people involved. For this work we have used a variety of sources: books, photos, documents, magazines and newspapers, but the main part consists of interviews and testimonials taken from eyewitnesses of the events. In order to be objective, we tried, as much as possible, to identify and contact participants from all categories, even with antagonistic roles such as: representatives of the new installed democratic power (the president of the revolutionary committee, the new mayor, members of the revolutionary board), representatives of the communist regime (the former first secretary, directors), and simple participants or witnesses of the events. Regarding the information received from the interviewees, if it was difficult to identify and to convince some persons, it was even harder to be objective and to distinguish wrong and uncertain information from these oral sources. If in case of written sources it is a lower possibility of subjectivity, in case of some interviewees we were hit by the exaggerations of their own merits, the hiding of the others’ actions, and with the oblivion of some actions, which is normal if we take into account the fact that 26 years have passed from the events. As to the martyrs, we have two civilian victims in the city (Fifere Ionel and Ciocîrlan Romeo), another civilian shot in Bucharest, near to the Public Romanian Television (Dan Costel Gigel), an officer fallen in Buzău (Apostoiu Cornel), one military shot in Otopeni during a replacement (Florian Iulian) and another two fallen in Târgoviște in their military bases (Munteanu Mircea Ștefan and Dascălu Costel), and two military from other counties who were fulfilling their military service in Râmnicu Sărat, fallen in Otopeni (Zimbru Gheorghe and Covacs Laszlo). Besides subjects as sources, martyrs, participants and chronology of the events happened in Râmnicu Sărat during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, we mentioned in our approach some additional subjects such as: previous events (the protest messages written in the city in 1987 – an original and interesting event) and subsequent subjects (political and social evolution in the nineties).
The hoard discovered at Deduleşti (15th-17th centuries)
This paper refers to a coins hoard disco... more The hoard discovered at Deduleşti (15th-17th centuries)
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in Deduleşti, commune Topliceni, Buzǎu County in 1988. The 593 pieces are an excellent radiography of monetary circulation in Muntenia region in the middle of the seventeenth century, among them being coins of high value used for larger transactions and small coins required in daily transactions. Thus, Deduleşti hoard contains thalers struck in the Dutch provinces, Spain (including the colonies in America) and the Holy Roman Empire and also Hungarian denarii and Polish coins (½ groats, 3 groats and ¼ thaler). The hoard has no one Ottoman coin and the most probable this is a consequence of the monetary debasement in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government began to close down the mints and the volume of silver coin production declined significantly in the seventeenth century. The oldest pieces from Deduleşti hoard are Hungarian denarii struck in the second half of the fifteenth century. The latest coin of the hoard is a Dutch thaler issued in 1660. Most probable the hoard was buried during the revolt from Wallachia against Ottoman Empire in the years 1659/1660.
Râmnicu Sărat - Public statues, commemorative
monuments and plaques
Râmnicu Sărat is a city wit... more Râmnicu Sărat - Public statues, commemorative
monuments and plaques
Râmnicu Sărat is a city with a rich history, these places
being related to national events and personalities. Through this
region many historical personalities had passed like Stephen
the Great, Constantin Brancoveanu, Al. Ioan Cuza, Carol I and
in the city or in neighbouring places many battles were held.
Here there were important military bases, but also a terrifying
prison. Therefore, it is a normal fact to have here many
personalities‟ statues and monuments dedicated to promoters of
past events (heroes, victims, simbols or just valuable people of
the city).
This paper aims at compiling important information
about these testimonies and revealing unpublished or less
known sources, in order to become a real Râmnicu Sărat‟s
guide in this field.
This paper has proposed to bring to the light documents on the life and work of painter Petre Ior... more This paper has proposed to bring to the light documents on the life and work of painter Petre Iorgulescu-Yor (1890-1939), the documents that are in the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collections.
Born in Râmnicu Sărat, he studied painting in Paris and worked mainly in Balcic and Constanta, on the Black Sea seaside, at Sighisoara and the Dalmatian coast, exhibit his paintings in Romanian and French Official Salons, receive even the Gold Medal at the International Exhibition in Barcelona (1929).
In 29 April 1939, sick, he committed suicide at 39 years only.
The paper refers to the biography of the painter, rebuilt from existing sources in museum collections and contemporary media, about the success of his paintings at auction houses sales and about exhibitions in recent years.
Unpublished until present, appear here, Iorgulescu's albums and testament
Coins from the collection of the "Octavian Moșescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat (1st-19th C... more Coins from the collection of the "Octavian Moșescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat (1st-19th Centuries) The aim of this paper is to present 27 coins in the collection of the "Octavian Mosescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat, received as donations or purchased between the years 1980-1995 and 2016. The series presented consists of: Roman and Byzantine coins (6 ex.), issues of the kings of Hungary (5 ex.), Polish-Lithuanian Union (6 ex.), Wallachia (1 ex.), the Ottoman Empire (1 ex.), Habsburg Empire (4 ex.), the Principality of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1 ex.) and "Sadagura" (3 ex.), the oldest being a denarius issued by Vespasianus (69-71), and the latest ones being from the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Keywords: coins, metal detector, donation, coin acquisition.
The tunnels under Râmnicu Sărat: truth or legend?
„Spații culturale” („Cultural spaces”), n0. 87... more The tunnels under Râmnicu Sărat: truth or legend? „Spații culturale” („Cultural spaces”), n0. 87/2023 (martie-aprilie), pp. 12-15, ISSN: 2065-2984.
A sealable matrix of the Prevention and Correction Arrest of District Râmnicu Sărat from the pe... more A sealable matrix of the Prevention and Correction Arrest of District Râmnicu Sărat from the period of the United Principalities
Seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum (1851 – 1920)
Keywords: ... more Seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum (1851 – 1920)
Keywords: seal matrix, Ramnicu Sarat, Wallachian eagle, horse, coat of arms, former counties. Cuvinte cheie: matrice sigilară, Ramnicu Sărat, acvila Țării Românești, calul, stemă, foste județe. This paper aims to present 4 circular seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum, that were issued between 1851 and aproximately 1920, being in use of the organisations (associations, institutions and authorities) from the former Ramnicu Sarat county. First matrix (copper, 31 mm, incision) was, since 1851, in use of the association of merchants and craftsmen who paid a certain tax called the patent. It has, as central design of the die, the Wallachian eagle with the head turned on the right and a cross in its beak. Under the eagle is the year ″1851‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Cyrillic alphabet. The eagle, ancient symbol of Wallachia, can be documented in the 18th and 19th centuries on many seal matrices, as casts on documents and decoration, alone, in various variants. After 1862, the Wallachian eagle shares the shield from design of seal matrices together with the Moldavian auroch, as coat of arms of United Principalities of Romania. The eagle symbolizes courage, determination, flight to heights. The second (copper, 36 mm, excision) was in use of the Ramnicu Sarat county hospital, since 1882. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right, and bellow the year ″1882‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet. The third seal matrix (copper, 40 mm, incision) belonged to the commune of Corbu, former Ramnicu Sarat county, since 1919. It has, as central design of the die, a crowned polish shield, with a horse in the center and the numbers 19-19 (right-left). The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet. The fourth (copper, 31 mm, excision, poor state of conservation) was in the use of Prefecture of the Ramnicu Sarat county, existing few known casts of it on the documents from the National Archives of Romania, from the third decade of the 20st Century. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet. The use of the horse, galloping to the right, on the seal matrices, as symbol of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, can be documented on other 325 matrices that are keept at the National Archives of Romania, on one from a private collection, as well , as casts, on hundred documents issued by organisations from the city and from the former Ramnicu Sarat county. These seal matrices, as historical sources, are important for the local history, showing us the evolution and use of the symbols of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, as well the evolution of the ogranisations that they have belonged.
Abstract:
Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, le... more Abstract: Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, letters and testimonies have begun to draw the attention of researchers, who have introduced them into the scientific circuit, they also draw the attention of the general public. Our paper proposes to present six postcards and two letters written between February 16th, 1940 and September 3rd, 1943, by Cocoş Bucur, soldier in the 8th Infantry Regiment, photographs and personal documents belonging to him. Cocoş Bucur was born on April 1st, 1908 in Valea Raţei, in the former county of Râmnicu Sărat (today, a village in the commune of Murgeşti, Buzău County), as son of Frăţilă and Tudora Cocoș. He became church singer at the “Saint Parascheva” Church in Râmnicu Sărat, and on July 25th, 1936 he married with Joița Datcu (December 19th, 1916 – February 4th, 2009), from their marriage resulting four children: Constanţa (1938-2012), Teodora (1940-1996), Matei (1942-1994) and Elena (1944-2018). He participated in the military concentration in 1940, and on July 7th, 1942, he was finally called under arms at the 8th Infantry Regiment in Buzău. Few days before Romania joined the interests the United Nations, on August 8th, 1944, being at the regiment, he fell victim to American aviation that bombarded Buzău in the Frantic operation. The little documentary fund is now the property of the descendants who made them available to us.
Revista de Cercetari Arheologice si Numismatice, 2018
A NEW COIN HOARD DISCOVERED AT BLĂJANI, BUZĂU COUNTY (16TH CENTURY)
The author presents a coin h... more A NEW COIN HOARD DISCOVERED AT BLĂJANI, BUZĂU COUNTY (16TH CENTURY)
The author presents a coin hoard from the 16th century discovered on October 10, 2016 on the territory of Blăjani village, Buzău County. The hoard is a mixed one, consisting of 60 pieces, coins and fragments of coins, minted in gold (2) and silver (58). These coins were issued between 1506 and 1599, in Utrecht (a ducat), Cezayir (an altin), Tyrol (two thalers), Transylvania (grossus triplex-1), Poland (grossus triplex-1; grossus-1; ½ grossus-3), Riga (grossus triplex-2), Lithuania (grossus-1; ½ grossus-1), Gdansk (grossus-2), Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia (one grossus for each) and 38 denarii (63.33% of the treasure), issued by the Habsburgs, as kings of Hungary, all at Kremnitz. Taking in account the fact that the last piece is issued in 1599 (grossus triplex issued by Sigismund III), the burial of this coin hoard is most likely the result of the clashes that took place in the area, between the Moldavian-Polish troops and those led by Baba Novac in October 1600.
Ramnicu Sarat is a town with a written history of several centuries, these places being related t... more Ramnicu Sarat is a town with a written history of several centuries, these places being related to various events and personalities, such as Stephen the Great, Constantin Brancoveanu, Aleksandr Suvorov, Alexandru Ioan Cuza. During the reign of Carol I, the town underwent a modernization process on urban, economic and cultural aspects. All began with the establishment of the county’s residence in Ramnicu Sarat (1862), the town being planned after that into the form we know today, the main avenues being drawn and architectural monuments and parks being built, as well as the old (1881) and the new railway station (1897), because the railway has been introduced, and last but not least, being solved the big and eternal problem of the town, the water supply. In the second half of the 19th century, when the danger of breaking the Union still existed, the area of Ramnicu Sarat could not be avoided by the new Prince, being the hub of the road between Wallachia and Moldavia. We have information about the numerous passes of Carol I through the town in the “memoirs” largely written by Mite Kremnitz, and in the two volumes of the diary translated by Vasile Doncea, for the autumn of 1901, when there were Royal Maneuvers in the region, and the King stayed three days in the town. Unfortunately, the offi cial (local) documents from that time are missing, being lost for the national archives, but we have a variety of contemporary sources, which have documented our approach: contemporary newspapers, the “Official Gazette” and postcards from the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collection. The Royal Maneuvers of Ramnicu Sarat were made on 28-30 September/11-13 October 1901, and we do know that the King was hosted in those days in the new palace of Mayor ConstantinLupescu, he attended two banquets held in the Administrative Palace (inaugurated in 1897), he visited public institutions such as the new prison (the future political prison), the hospital and the Secondary School.
The city of Râmnicu Sărat was under occupation of the Central Powers (Germany) between December ... more The city of Râmnicu Sărat was under occupation of the Central Powers (Germany) between December 1916 and December 1918. There were harsh moments for the city: forcible requisitions, compulsory labour, inspections, the replacement of the city’s elected leaders with others, more servile, humiliation. But it was also a moment of joy, of celebration. Annexed by the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Bucharest (1912), now, in the context of Russia’s dissolution, Bessarabia proclaimed its independence from Russia on 24th of January/ 6th of February 1918 and, on 27th of March/ 9th of April, the Country Council (elected Parliament of Bessarabia) proclaimed the Union of the province with the Kingdom of Romania. Soon, the news reached Râmnicu Sărat and authorities (even if they were imposed by the Germans, through „die Etappen Kommandatur 225”), had decided to organize a public celebration. Therefore, our paper aims, using contemporary documents, to present how the people of Râmnicu Sărat had reacted to, and celebrated the decision of Bessarabia’s leaders to proclaim the Union with Romania, on 12th- 4th of April 1918, similarly to other neighbouring cities (Buzău), and to show how, over a century after, on 22nd-23rd of April 2018, the authorities and people of the same city decided to celebrate this event, using an identical program and in the same places (on the basis of unpublished documents provided by us). The original documents used and presented in our work belong to the National Archives (Buzău County Service – the fund „The Town Hall of Râmnicu Sărat”), most of them being bilingual, written in Romanian and German languages.
Ramnicu Sarat’s budget under the German occupation (1917/1918)
Linked with the participation of ... more Ramnicu Sarat’s budget under the German occupation (1917/1918)
Linked with the participation of Ramnicu Sarat city in the 1st Word War, over the years, but most recently – with the ocasion of the Centenary of the Great Union - local history scholars have presented issues related to the Battle of Christmas (2/22 - 14/27 December 1916), the destructions caused by the Germans in the city and the fate of the Germans' monument in Racoviteni. Regarding the financial issues during the German occupation of Râmnicu Săra, we have information in documents written in Romanian and German, in the files related to the "Râmnicu Sărat City Hall" fund from 1917-1918 ("The structure and functioning of the public administration", "Financial issues "," Decisions of the Communal Council "), located at the Buzau County Service of National Archives. We mention that, in February 2018, only a small part of information from theese documents was published by the historian Valeriu Nicolescu, in the "Opinia" newspaper. Therefore, through this approach, we intend to analyze the composition of the "General budget of the Râmnicu Sarat Commune", during the years 1917-1918, starting with the conception, to rectification and execution. At the same time, we will have some considerations regarding expenditures, including salaries, reporting of communal expenses to the Stage 225 Command, making comparisations with previous and subsequent financial years.
The documents of the compozer Ion Rădulescu (1918 – 1989)
(Abstract)
Keywords: Composers, music, ... more The documents of the compozer Ion Rădulescu (1918 – 1989) (Abstract) Keywords: Composers, music, Ramnicu Sarat. This paper aims to present the biography of the Romanian composer Ion (Ionel) Rădulescu, through the documets that are in the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collection. Thus, we have 51 personal objects donated by Rădulescu’s wife, Eugenia, on 16th of March 1999 (photos, documents, musical scores). Ion Rădulescu was born in Ramnicu Sarat, on 5th of April 1918, and he followed primarly and secondary school in the city. After graduation of the Conservatoire, he has remained in Bucharest as music teacher and became, in 1950 member of the Union of Composers from Romania. During his activity he has written the music for over 100 songs, some of them dedicated to natal city. He passed away on 8th of Jully 1989, in Bucharest, being buried in the cemetery of Ramnicu Sarat.
Medals issued by organizations from Râmnicu Sărat (1994-2012)
(Abstract)
Keywords : medals
This... more Medals issued by organizations from Râmnicu Sărat (1994-2012) (Abstract) Keywords : medals
This paper has propose to present five medals issued in Râmnicu Sărat city between 1994 and 2012. They were issued by public authorities, institutions and associations to commemorate local and national events like: first documentary mention of the town, hospital establishment, building of School no 5, celebration of 1900 years since Dacia was conquered by the Romans, celebration of 200 years since Basarabia was loss.
1892-1893: News from Rȃmnicu Sǎrat in the Gazeta Săteanului
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a b... more 1892-1893: News from Rȃmnicu Sǎrat in the Gazeta Săteanului (Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a bi-monthly magazine that appeared in Ramnicu Sarat between 1884 and 1898. From it, we can gather interesting information about events, agriculture, climate, urbanism, literature or just simply facts from these years. In this paper, we have propose to present and to complete information about the city and county of Ramnicu Sarat that appears in its pages in the 9th year (February 1892 - January 1893). Some of these news are linked to political and administrative changes, selling of the state lands, the issue of water suply, statistical data, agriculture, and climate. We can mention that now there are just few exemplaries issued in the 9th year of appearance.
1891-1892: News from Rȃmnicu Sǎrat in the Gazeta Săteanului
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a b... more 1891-1892: News from Rȃmnicu Sǎrat in the Gazeta Săteanului (Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a bi-monthly magazine that appeared in Ramnicu Sarat between 1884 and 1898. From it, we can gather interesting information about events, agriculture, climate or just simply facts from these years. In this paper, we have propose to present and to complete information about the city and county of Ramnicu Sarat that appears in its pages in the 8th year (February 1891 - January 1892). Some of these news are linked to political and administrative changes, selling of the state lands, and statistical data. We can mention that now there are just few exemplaries issued in the 8th year of appearance.
1889-1890: News from Rȃmnicu Sǎrat in the Gazeta Săteanului
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a ... more 1889-1890: News from Rȃmnicu Sǎrat in the Gazeta Săteanului
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a monthly magazine that appeared at Ramnicu Sarat between 1884 and 1898. From it, we can gather interesting information about events, agriculture, climate or just simply facts from these years. In this paper, we have propose to present and to complete information about city and county of Ramnicu Sarat that appears in its pages in the 6th year (February 1889 - January 1890). Some of these news are linked to political and administrative changes, question of fresh water, opening of a secondary school in Ramnicu Sarat.
Seven commemorative monuments and plaques
(Abstract)
This paper has propose to present three co... more Seven commemorative monuments and plaques (Abstract) This paper has propose to present three commemorative monuments and four commemorative plaques raised in the city of Râmnicu Sărat between 1990 and 2015. They aim to commemorate local and national events like: Romanian Revolution and its martyrs, the crimes made in the city during the regime of king Carol II, 300 years from the martyrdom of the Brâncoveanu family, celebration of 160 years from the building of the local hospital, 120 years from the building of the railway Buzau – Mărășești, and the accomplishment of 100 years from the beginning of the Alexandru Sihleanu literary club.
THE HOARD DISCOVERED AT SĂSENII VECHI, VERNEŞTI COMMUNE (BUZĂU COUNTY) (15TH - 17TH CENTURIES)
Th... more THE HOARD DISCOVERED AT SĂSENII VECHI, VERNEŞTI COMMUNE (BUZĂU COUNTY) (15TH - 17TH CENTURIES) This paper refers to a hoard of coins discovered at Săsenii Vechi, Buzău County in April 2015, which contains 201 coins struck between 1492 and 1623.75 pieces from this hoard are ½ groats struck by polish monachs for the Crown and Lithuania and by Louis II of Hungary for the city of Swidnica (5). Among them, we have: 12 pieces of ½ groats struck by John I Albert (1492 – 1501) for the Crown, 23 pieces struk by Alexander I (1501 – 1506) for the Crown and 4 for Lithuania, 15 ½ groats struk by Sigismund I the Old (1506 – 1548) for the Crown and 6 for Lithuania, and 7 pieces struk by Sigismund II Augustus (1548 – 1572) for Lithuania, the first being a coin issued between 1492 and 1501.The 2nd lot consist of 123 Hungarian denarii struck by Habsburg monarchs as Hungarian kings, in Kremnitz mint: 53 by Ferdinand I (1526 – 1564), 19 by Maximilian (1564 – 1576), 47 by Rudolpf II (1576 – 1608) and 3 by Matthias II (1608 –1619), the last being a coin issued in 1613.We also identified 6 imitations too, 3 made after Polish Crown’s ½ groats, one after Hungarian denarii, one imitating the ¼ silver thaler struck by Sigismund III Vasa (1596-1609) for the city of Danzig, and one imitating a Holy Roman Empire silver coin from the 16th century. The presence here of these counterfeit pieces is not an uncommon thing in a period of development of counterfeits due to the lack of silver and of small coins required in daily transaction.The presence here of a single Ottoman coin, an onluk struck by Murad IV (AH 1032 – 1049/ AD 1623 – 1640) in his first year of reign, and the intensive use of coins issued prior to reforms from the beginning of the seventeenth century, shows us the monetary debasement and the decline of coinage mint in the Ottoman Empire who has registred a severe debasement beginning with the seventeenth century. Pieces from the 16th century, found in hoards after a long period from their struck, shows their quality, being prefered for retention instead of Ottoman contemporary silver pieces.If we take in account that the onluk issued in 1623 close the hoard, we consider that most probable the hoard was buried in the context of the political uncertainty situation and riots in Wallachia, from the second quarter of the 17th century.
The hoard discovered at Blăjani, Buzău County
-Abstract-
This paper refers to a coins hoard disco... more The hoard discovered at Blăjani, Buzău County -Abstract- This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in Blăjani, Buzău County in July 2015, which contains 49 Polish silver coins struck between 1538 and 1605, and one Russian, from the late 18th century. 49 of pieces from this hoard are coins struck by polish kings for the Crown, Lithuania, Riga and Gdansk. Among them, we have: two pieces of 6 groats struck by Sigismund III Vasa (1587-1632) in Malbork mint (1596 and 1599), one coin, which is the oldest piece from this hoard, of 3 groats (trojak) struck in 1538 by Sigismund I (1506–1548) for the city of Gdansk, three pieces of 3 groats struck by Ștefan Báthory (1575-1586) for Lithuania and two for city of Riga, and 41 pieces of 3 groats struck by Sigismund III Vasa (26 for the Crown, five for Lithuania, and ten for the city of Riga). About the last issuer, we can mention that the coins for the Crown were struck in mints of Bydgoszcz, Wschowa, Krakow, Lublin, Malbork, Olkusz, and Poznań between the years 1593 and 1605. The intensive use of the polish coins of three and six groats, most issued prior to reforms from the beginning of the seventeenth century, found in hoards after a long period from their struck, shows their quality, being preferred for retention instead of contemporary silver pieces, most part of these being struck in the Ottoman Empire. We have here and a Russian silver coin, of 15 kopecks, struck by Empress Catherine the Great (1762 - 1796) in the Moscow mint between 1770 and 1775, its presence being here, obviously, a coincidence. Thus, we consider that most probable the hoard was buried in the context of the resumption of the Ottoman military pressure in this area, after the ending of peace between Holy League (1591-16016) and the Ottoman Empire.
Roman Republican denarii from Râmnicu Sărat Municipal Museum’s collections.
This paper has pr... more Roman Republican denarii from Râmnicu Sărat Municipal Museum’s collections.
This paper has proposed to present Roman Republican silver coins that are in the Râmnicu Sărat Municipal Museum’s collections, gathered mostly from donations.
There are 14 silver denarii and based upon their descriptions, the coins could be issued in period 138 to 31 B. C. Unfortunately, the finding point of only one of these coins is known, for 13 denarii donor said that come from exchanges with other collectors from the county or neighboring counties. The oldest is denarius issued by P. Aelius Paetus at 138 B.C. and the newest pieces are the legionnaires denarii emitted by Mark Antony at 32/31 B.C.
The most interesting thing about these is that the coins are numerous countermark-evidence of a long circulation.
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Câteva cifre:
400 de articole din presa românească referitoare la descoperiri monetare, identificate, redate și adnotate (1874-1944).
272 de descoperiri monetare unice, dintre care cel puțin 89 sunt descoperiri inedite, nesemnalate până în prezent.
Alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de „comori”, fără a fi menționate monede, zvonuri și descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate (inclusiv de monedă românească), „depuneri” de monede, „săpături” ilegale, denunțuri și crime în contextul unor descoperiri.
271 de localități din România nominalizate direct, la care se adaugă peste 100 din Basarabia, Ucraina, Bulgaria, Serbia, Ungaria și alte țări.
Tabele referitoare la:
Monumente înscrise în LMI vs. înregistrări din RAN.
Arheologi acreditați vs. autorizații de deținere a detectoarelor de metal, pe județe.
Evoluția legislației cu privire la regimul descoperirilor și deținerea de monede din metal prețios (sec. XIX-XXI).
Analize asupra descoperirilor, urmate de câteva categorii de indici, studiu introductiv în limbile română și engleză, bibliografie.
Lucrarea nu se adresează doar istoricilor (arheologi, numismați, muzeografi, autori de monografii locale) și studenților, ci are ca grupuri țință și profesorii de istorie, colecționarii, posesorii de autorizații de deținere și utilizare a detectoarelor de metal, volumul fiind util juriștilor și polițiștilor din domeniul patrimoniului cultural, jurnaliștilor și cercetătorilor istoriei presei, dar și pasionaților de istorie. Volumul are la bază 400 articole din presă referitoare la descoperiri monetare din perioada 1874-1944, identificate în paginile a 51 de publicații românești, articolele fiind redate și adnotate. Dintre cele 400 de articole, 272 se referă la descoperiri unice, dintre care minimum 89 la descoperiri inedite de tezaure (nesemnalate în literatura numismatică). Urmează alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de "comori", fără a fi menționate monede, descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate ș.a.m.d.
Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău includes 463 bibliographical
references accompanied by notes on the type of finds mentioned and brings to the readers’ attention the difficulties generated by the administrative changes and fluctuations of the boundaries of the historical formations that constitute the present Buzău County. The author’s passion for the study
of the history of Buzău County, as well as for the study of numismatics, is
evidenced by his efforts to identify information about unpublished monetary discoveries preserved, on the one hand, in archives and, on the other hand, in short articles in the local press, sources that capture references to lost and unknown hoards. The numismatic bibliography of Buzau county thus becomes a guide to the history of monetary circulation, as well as to the history of the collections in Romanian museums, which preserve in their collections isolated pieces or hoards discovered in this area, which has been intensely transited over the centuries.
Was been conceived, edited and printed by the National History Museum of Romania and the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, through the project “Heritage and Adult Education” (HAEd), ref. no. 2021-2-RO01-KA210-ADU-000048413, financed by the European Union through the Erasmus Plus Program (2021-2027) with the amount of 30.000 Euro.
ISBN: 978-973-0-38372-0
128 pages
23 works
21 authors
7 institutions in Croatia and Romania
Cornel-Constantin Ilie (ed.), Marius Neculae (ed.)
Fiind o primă monografie de închisoare prerepublicană românească din ultimii 90 de ani (1930) și dorind să ofere o imagine completă și cursivă, lucrarea tratează, cronologic, fenomenul carceral de la Râmnicu Sărat în raport cu sistemul penitenciar românesc în ansamblul său, dar și în raport cu urbea și din prisma interacțiunii cu factorii externi. O ultimă dimensiune este cea referitoare la percepția comunității asupra fenomenului penitenciar la Râmnicu Sărat și la inițiativele de memorializare a trecutului.
Cartea are o prefață semnată de către domnul prof. univ. dr. habil. Florin Müller (coordonatorul lucrării) și o postfață de dr. habil. Cosmin Budeancă, lucrarea beneficiind de sprijinul Institutului de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului şi Memoria Exilului Românesc şi al Consiliului Local şi Primăriei Municipiului Râmnicu Sărat prin Centrul Cultural „Florica Cristoforeanu”.
Sper că prin acest demers am reușit să umplu goluri, să îndrept erori și să răspund la unele întrebări cu privire la închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat și sistemul penitenciar din România.
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (1949-1986)
After the Second World War, for over four decades, the
World was divided into two political-military blocs, the Western
one, led by the United States, the exponent of democracy and
capitalism, while the communist states, “guided” by the Soviet
Union sought the communalization of other regions, the system
being based, in fact, on the right of force.
Thus, the Cold War (1947-1991) took place, a period of
tension on a global scale, interspersed with low-intensity conflicts
(civil wars, revolutions), marked by an arming race (including
nuclear), propaganda campaigns and espionage activities carried
out globally.
Râmnicu Sărat, as a city in a country controlled by the
Soviets and having some strategic, military and economic
importance, through the settlement, the presence of some
military units and industrial objectives, came quickly under the
radar of the foreign intelligence services of the United States -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
In the recent years, based on “The Freedom of Information
Act” (FOIA), an order that ensures free access to the documents
of historical interest and older than 25 years created and managed
by the federal government agencies, the CIA has made available
to the public from all over the World a series of documents from the Cold War period, initially classified132 “Confidential” (“C”),
“Secret” (“S”) and “Top Secret” (“T”), relased even on its own
website.
(Abstract)
Starting from several practical needs (the Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat not having enough sources about the Romanian Revolution), and considering that the events happened in 1989 in Râmnicu Sărat deserve a monography, this paper aims at revealing these events and placing them into a larger and more comprehensive context, which is passing from communism to democracy in Romania.
Thus, this paper tries to analyze and to give details about new historiographical sources, to clarify information and to put in the foreground the Râmnicu Sărat’s martyrs, to identify the fighters and other people involved.
For this work we have used a variety of sources: books, photos, documents, magazines and newspapers, but the main part consists of interviews and testimonials taken from eyewitnesses of the events. In order to be objective, we tried, as much as possible, to identify and contact participants from all categories, even with antagonistic roles such as: representatives of the new installed democratic power (the president of the revolutionary committee, the new mayor, members of the revolutionary board), representatives of the communist regime (the former first secretary, directors), and simple participants or witnesses of the events.
Regarding the information received from the interviewees, if it was difficult to identify and to convince some persons, it was even harder to be objective and to distinguish wrong and uncertain information from these oral sources. If in case of written sources it is a lower possibility of subjectivity, in case of some interviewees we were hit by the exaggerations of their own merits, the hiding of the others’ actions, and with the oblivion of some actions, which is normal if we take into account the fact that 26 years have passed from the events.
As to the martyrs, we have two civilian victims in the city (Fifere Ionel and Ciocîrlan Romeo), another civilian shot in Bucharest, near to the Public Romanian Television (Dan Costel Gigel), an officer fallen in Buzău (Apostoiu Cornel), one military shot in Otopeni during a replacement (Florian Iulian) and another two fallen in Târgoviște in their military bases (Munteanu Mircea Ștefan and Dascălu Costel), and two military from other counties who were fulfilling their military service in Râmnicu Sărat, fallen in Otopeni (Zimbru Gheorghe and Covacs Laszlo).
Besides subjects as sources, martyrs, participants and chronology of the events happened in Râmnicu Sărat during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, we mentioned in our approach some additional subjects such as: previous events (the protest messages written in the city in 1987 – an original and interesting event) and subsequent subjects (political and social evolution in the nineties).
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in
Deduleşti, commune Topliceni, Buzǎu County in 1988.
The 593 pieces are an excellent radiography of monetary
circulation in Muntenia region in the middle of the
seventeenth century, among them being coins of high value
used for larger transactions and small coins required in daily
transactions. Thus, Deduleşti hoard contains thalers struck in
the Dutch provinces, Spain (including the colonies in America)
and the Holy Roman Empire and also Hungarian denarii and
Polish coins (½ groats, 3 groats and ¼ thaler). The hoard has
no one Ottoman coin and the most probable this is a
consequence of the monetary debasement in the Ottoman
Empire. The Ottoman government began to close down the
mints and the volume of silver coin production declined
significantly in the seventeenth century. The oldest pieces from
Deduleşti hoard are Hungarian denarii struck in the second half
of the fifteenth century. The latest coin of the hoard is a Dutch
thaler issued in 1660. Most probable the hoard was buried
during the revolt from Wallachia against Ottoman Empire in
the years 1659/1660.
monuments and plaques
Râmnicu Sărat is a city with a rich history, these places
being related to national events and personalities. Through this
region many historical personalities had passed like Stephen
the Great, Constantin Brancoveanu, Al. Ioan Cuza, Carol I and
in the city or in neighbouring places many battles were held.
Here there were important military bases, but also a terrifying
prison. Therefore, it is a normal fact to have here many
personalities‟ statues and monuments dedicated to promoters of
past events (heroes, victims, simbols or just valuable people of
the city).
This paper aims at compiling important information
about these testimonies and revealing unpublished or less
known sources, in order to become a real Râmnicu Sărat‟s
guide in this field.
Born in Râmnicu Sărat, he studied painting in Paris and worked mainly in Balcic and Constanta, on the Black Sea seaside, at Sighisoara and the Dalmatian coast, exhibit his paintings in Romanian and French Official Salons, receive even the Gold Medal at the International Exhibition in Barcelona (1929).
In 29 April 1939, sick, he committed suicide at 39 years only.
The paper refers to the biography of the painter, rebuilt from existing sources in museum collections and contemporary media, about the success of his paintings at auction houses sales and about exhibitions in recent years.
Unpublished until present, appear here, Iorgulescu's albums and testament
The aim of this paper is to present 27 coins in the collection of the "Octavian Mosescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat, received as donations or purchased between the years 1980-1995 and 2016. The series presented consists of: Roman and Byzantine coins (6 ex.), issues of the kings of Hungary (5 ex.), Polish-Lithuanian Union (6 ex.), Wallachia (1 ex.), the Ottoman Empire (1 ex.), Habsburg Empire (4 ex.), the Principality of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1 ex.) and "Sadagura" (3 ex.), the oldest being a denarius issued by Vespasianus (69-71), and the latest ones being from the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.
Keywords: coins, metal detector, donation, coin acquisition.
„Spații culturale” („Cultural spaces”), n0. 87/2023 (martie-aprilie), pp. 12-15, ISSN: 2065-2984.
This paper aims to present a circular seal matrix
Keywords: seal matrix, Ramnicu Sarat, Wallachian eagle, horse, coat of arms, former counties.
Cuvinte cheie: matrice sigilară, Ramnicu Sărat, acvila Țării Românești, calul, stemă, foste județe.
This paper aims to present 4 circular seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum, that were issued between 1851 and aproximately 1920, being in use of the organisations (associations, institutions and authorities) from the former Ramnicu Sarat county.
First matrix (copper, 31 mm, incision) was, since 1851, in use of the association of merchants and craftsmen who paid a certain tax called the patent. It has, as central design of the die, the Wallachian eagle with the head turned on the right and a cross in its beak. Under the eagle is the year ″1851‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Cyrillic alphabet. The eagle, ancient symbol of Wallachia, can be documented in the 18th and 19th centuries on many seal matrices, as casts on documents and decoration, alone, in various variants. After 1862, the Wallachian eagle shares the shield from design of seal matrices together with the Moldavian auroch, as coat of arms of United Principalities of Romania. The eagle symbolizes courage, determination, flight to heights.
The second (copper, 36 mm, excision) was in use of the Ramnicu Sarat county hospital, since 1882. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right, and bellow the year ″1882‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet.
The third seal matrix (copper, 40 mm, incision) belonged to the commune of Corbu, former Ramnicu Sarat county, since 1919. It has, as central design of the die, a crowned polish shield, with a horse in the center and the numbers 19-19 (right-left). The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet.
The fourth (copper, 31 mm, excision, poor state of conservation) was in the use of Prefecture of the Ramnicu Sarat county, existing few known casts of it on the documents from the National Archives of Romania, from the third decade of the 20st Century. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet.
The use of the horse, galloping to the right, on the seal matrices, as symbol of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, can be documented on other 325 matrices that are keept at the National Archives of Romania, on one from a private collection, as well , as casts, on hundred documents issued by organisations from the city and from the former Ramnicu Sarat county.
These seal matrices, as historical sources, are important for the local history, showing us the evolution and use of the symbols of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, as well the evolution of the ogranisations that they have belonged.
Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, letters and testimonies have begun to draw the attention of researchers, who have introduced them into the scientific circuit, they also draw the attention of the general public. Our paper proposes to present six postcards and two letters written between February 16th, 1940 and September 3rd, 1943, by Cocoş Bucur, soldier in the 8th Infantry Regiment, photographs and personal documents belonging to him. Cocoş Bucur was born on April 1st, 1908 in Valea Raţei, in the former county of Râmnicu Sărat (today, a village in the commune of Murgeşti, Buzău County), as son of Frăţilă and Tudora Cocoș.
He became church singer at the “Saint Parascheva” Church in Râmnicu Sărat, and on July 25th, 1936 he married with Joița Datcu (December 19th, 1916 – February 4th, 2009), from their marriage resulting four children: Constanţa (1938-2012), Teodora (1940-1996), Matei (1942-1994) and Elena (1944-2018).
He participated in the military concentration in 1940, and on July 7th, 1942, he was finally called under arms at the 8th Infantry Regiment in Buzău.
Few days before Romania joined the interests the United Nations, on August 8th, 1944, being at the regiment, he fell victim to American aviation that bombarded Buzău in the Frantic operation.
The little documentary fund is now the property of the descendants who made them available to us.
The author presents a coin hoard from the 16th century discovered on October 10, 2016 on the territory of Blăjani village, Buzău County. The hoard is a mixed one, consisting of 60 pieces, coins and fragments of coins, minted in gold (2) and silver (58). These coins were issued between 1506 and 1599, in Utrecht (a ducat), Cezayir (an altin), Tyrol (two thalers), Transylvania (grossus triplex-1), Poland (grossus triplex-1; grossus-1; ½ grossus-3), Riga (grossus triplex-2), Lithuania (grossus-1; ½ grossus-1), Gdansk (grossus-2), Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia (one grossus for each) and 38 denarii (63.33% of the treasure), issued by the Habsburgs, as kings of Hungary, all at Kremnitz. Taking in account the fact that the last piece is issued in 1599 (grossus triplex issued by Sigismund III), the burial of this coin hoard is most likely the result of the clashes that took place in the area, between the Moldavian-Polish troops and those led by Baba Novac in October 1600.
Sarat (1862), the town being planned after that into the form we know today, the main avenues being drawn and architectural monuments and parks being built, as well as the old (1881) and the new railway station (1897), because the railway has been introduced, and last but not least, being solved the big and eternal problem of the town, the water supply. In the second half of the 19th century, when the danger of breaking the Union still existed, the area of Ramnicu Sarat could not be avoided by the new Prince, being the hub of the road between
Wallachia and Moldavia.
We have information about the numerous passes of Carol I through the town in the “memoirs” largely written by Mite Kremnitz, and in the two volumes of the diary translated by Vasile Doncea, for the autumn of 1901, when there were Royal Maneuvers in the region, and the King
stayed three days in the town. Unfortunately, the offi cial (local) documents from that time are missing, being lost for the national archives, but we have a variety of contemporary sources, which have documented our approach: contemporary newspapers, the “Official Gazette” and postcards from the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collection. The Royal Maneuvers of Ramnicu Sarat were made on 28-30 September/11-13 October 1901, and we do know that the King was hosted in those days in the new palace of Mayor ConstantinLupescu, he attended two banquets held in the Administrative Palace (inaugurated in 1897), he visited public institutions such as the new prison (the future political prison), the hospital and the Secondary School.
Linked with the participation of Ramnicu Sarat city in the 1st Word War, over the years, but most recently – with the ocasion of the Centenary of the Great Union - local history scholars have presented issues related to the Battle of Christmas (2/22 - 14/27 December 1916), the destructions caused by the Germans in the city and the fate of the Germans' monument in Racoviteni.
Regarding the financial issues during the German occupation of Râmnicu Săra, we have information in documents written in Romanian and German, in the files related to the "Râmnicu Sărat City Hall" fund from 1917-1918 ("The structure and functioning of the public administration", "Financial issues "," Decisions of the Communal Council "), located at the Buzau County Service of National Archives. We mention that, in February 2018, only a small part of information from theese documents was published by the historian Valeriu Nicolescu, in the "Opinia" newspaper.
Therefore, through this approach, we intend to analyze the composition of the "General budget of the Râmnicu Sarat Commune", during the years 1917-1918, starting with the conception, to rectification and execution. At the same time, we will have some considerations regarding expenditures, including salaries, reporting of communal expenses to the Stage 225 Command, making comparisations with previous and subsequent financial years.
Câteva cifre:
400 de articole din presa românească referitoare la descoperiri monetare, identificate, redate și adnotate (1874-1944).
272 de descoperiri monetare unice, dintre care cel puțin 89 sunt descoperiri inedite, nesemnalate până în prezent.
Alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de „comori”, fără a fi menționate monede, zvonuri și descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate (inclusiv de monedă românească), „depuneri” de monede, „săpături” ilegale, denunțuri și crime în contextul unor descoperiri.
271 de localități din România nominalizate direct, la care se adaugă peste 100 din Basarabia, Ucraina, Bulgaria, Serbia, Ungaria și alte țări.
Tabele referitoare la:
Monumente înscrise în LMI vs. înregistrări din RAN.
Arheologi acreditați vs. autorizații de deținere a detectoarelor de metal, pe județe.
Evoluția legislației cu privire la regimul descoperirilor și deținerea de monede din metal prețios (sec. XIX-XXI).
Analize asupra descoperirilor, urmate de câteva categorii de indici, studiu introductiv în limbile română și engleză, bibliografie.
Lucrarea nu se adresează doar istoricilor (arheologi, numismați, muzeografi, autori de monografii locale) și studenților, ci are ca grupuri țință și profesorii de istorie, colecționarii, posesorii de autorizații de deținere și utilizare a detectoarelor de metal, volumul fiind util juriștilor și polițiștilor din domeniul patrimoniului cultural, jurnaliștilor și cercetătorilor istoriei presei, dar și pasionaților de istorie. Volumul are la bază 400 articole din presă referitoare la descoperiri monetare din perioada 1874-1944, identificate în paginile a 51 de publicații românești, articolele fiind redate și adnotate. Dintre cele 400 de articole, 272 se referă la descoperiri unice, dintre care minimum 89 la descoperiri inedite de tezaure (nesemnalate în literatura numismatică). Urmează alte 104 articole despre descoperiri de "comori", fără a fi menționate monede, descoperiri monetare incerte sau din străinătate ș.a.m.d.
Bibliografia numismatică a județului Buzău includes 463 bibliographical
references accompanied by notes on the type of finds mentioned and brings to the readers’ attention the difficulties generated by the administrative changes and fluctuations of the boundaries of the historical formations that constitute the present Buzău County. The author’s passion for the study
of the history of Buzău County, as well as for the study of numismatics, is
evidenced by his efforts to identify information about unpublished monetary discoveries preserved, on the one hand, in archives and, on the other hand, in short articles in the local press, sources that capture references to lost and unknown hoards. The numismatic bibliography of Buzau county thus becomes a guide to the history of monetary circulation, as well as to the history of the collections in Romanian museums, which preserve in their collections isolated pieces or hoards discovered in this area, which has been intensely transited over the centuries.
Was been conceived, edited and printed by the National History Museum of Romania and the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, through the project “Heritage and Adult Education” (HAEd), ref. no. 2021-2-RO01-KA210-ADU-000048413, financed by the European Union through the Erasmus Plus Program (2021-2027) with the amount of 30.000 Euro.
ISBN: 978-973-0-38372-0
128 pages
23 works
21 authors
7 institutions in Croatia and Romania
Cornel-Constantin Ilie (ed.), Marius Neculae (ed.)
Fiind o primă monografie de închisoare prerepublicană românească din ultimii 90 de ani (1930) și dorind să ofere o imagine completă și cursivă, lucrarea tratează, cronologic, fenomenul carceral de la Râmnicu Sărat în raport cu sistemul penitenciar românesc în ansamblul său, dar și în raport cu urbea și din prisma interacțiunii cu factorii externi. O ultimă dimensiune este cea referitoare la percepția comunității asupra fenomenului penitenciar la Râmnicu Sărat și la inițiativele de memorializare a trecutului.
Cartea are o prefață semnată de către domnul prof. univ. dr. habil. Florin Müller (coordonatorul lucrării) și o postfață de dr. habil. Cosmin Budeancă, lucrarea beneficiind de sprijinul Institutului de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului şi Memoria Exilului Românesc şi al Consiliului Local şi Primăriei Municipiului Râmnicu Sărat prin Centrul Cultural „Florica Cristoforeanu”.
Sper că prin acest demers am reușit să umplu goluri, să îndrept erori și să răspund la unele întrebări cu privire la închisoarea de la Râmnicu Sărat și sistemul penitenciar din România.
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (1949-1986)
After the Second World War, for over four decades, the
World was divided into two political-military blocs, the Western
one, led by the United States, the exponent of democracy and
capitalism, while the communist states, “guided” by the Soviet
Union sought the communalization of other regions, the system
being based, in fact, on the right of force.
Thus, the Cold War (1947-1991) took place, a period of
tension on a global scale, interspersed with low-intensity conflicts
(civil wars, revolutions), marked by an arming race (including
nuclear), propaganda campaigns and espionage activities carried
out globally.
Râmnicu Sărat, as a city in a country controlled by the
Soviets and having some strategic, military and economic
importance, through the settlement, the presence of some
military units and industrial objectives, came quickly under the
radar of the foreign intelligence services of the United States -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
In the recent years, based on “The Freedom of Information
Act” (FOIA), an order that ensures free access to the documents
of historical interest and older than 25 years created and managed
by the federal government agencies, the CIA has made available
to the public from all over the World a series of documents from the Cold War period, initially classified132 “Confidential” (“C”),
“Secret” (“S”) and “Top Secret” (“T”), relased even on its own
website.
(Abstract)
Starting from several practical needs (the Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat not having enough sources about the Romanian Revolution), and considering that the events happened in 1989 in Râmnicu Sărat deserve a monography, this paper aims at revealing these events and placing them into a larger and more comprehensive context, which is passing from communism to democracy in Romania.
Thus, this paper tries to analyze and to give details about new historiographical sources, to clarify information and to put in the foreground the Râmnicu Sărat’s martyrs, to identify the fighters and other people involved.
For this work we have used a variety of sources: books, photos, documents, magazines and newspapers, but the main part consists of interviews and testimonials taken from eyewitnesses of the events. In order to be objective, we tried, as much as possible, to identify and contact participants from all categories, even with antagonistic roles such as: representatives of the new installed democratic power (the president of the revolutionary committee, the new mayor, members of the revolutionary board), representatives of the communist regime (the former first secretary, directors), and simple participants or witnesses of the events.
Regarding the information received from the interviewees, if it was difficult to identify and to convince some persons, it was even harder to be objective and to distinguish wrong and uncertain information from these oral sources. If in case of written sources it is a lower possibility of subjectivity, in case of some interviewees we were hit by the exaggerations of their own merits, the hiding of the others’ actions, and with the oblivion of some actions, which is normal if we take into account the fact that 26 years have passed from the events.
As to the martyrs, we have two civilian victims in the city (Fifere Ionel and Ciocîrlan Romeo), another civilian shot in Bucharest, near to the Public Romanian Television (Dan Costel Gigel), an officer fallen in Buzău (Apostoiu Cornel), one military shot in Otopeni during a replacement (Florian Iulian) and another two fallen in Târgoviște in their military bases (Munteanu Mircea Ștefan and Dascălu Costel), and two military from other counties who were fulfilling their military service in Râmnicu Sărat, fallen in Otopeni (Zimbru Gheorghe and Covacs Laszlo).
Besides subjects as sources, martyrs, participants and chronology of the events happened in Râmnicu Sărat during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, we mentioned in our approach some additional subjects such as: previous events (the protest messages written in the city in 1987 – an original and interesting event) and subsequent subjects (political and social evolution in the nineties).
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in
Deduleşti, commune Topliceni, Buzǎu County in 1988.
The 593 pieces are an excellent radiography of monetary
circulation in Muntenia region in the middle of the
seventeenth century, among them being coins of high value
used for larger transactions and small coins required in daily
transactions. Thus, Deduleşti hoard contains thalers struck in
the Dutch provinces, Spain (including the colonies in America)
and the Holy Roman Empire and also Hungarian denarii and
Polish coins (½ groats, 3 groats and ¼ thaler). The hoard has
no one Ottoman coin and the most probable this is a
consequence of the monetary debasement in the Ottoman
Empire. The Ottoman government began to close down the
mints and the volume of silver coin production declined
significantly in the seventeenth century. The oldest pieces from
Deduleşti hoard are Hungarian denarii struck in the second half
of the fifteenth century. The latest coin of the hoard is a Dutch
thaler issued in 1660. Most probable the hoard was buried
during the revolt from Wallachia against Ottoman Empire in
the years 1659/1660.
monuments and plaques
Râmnicu Sărat is a city with a rich history, these places
being related to national events and personalities. Through this
region many historical personalities had passed like Stephen
the Great, Constantin Brancoveanu, Al. Ioan Cuza, Carol I and
in the city or in neighbouring places many battles were held.
Here there were important military bases, but also a terrifying
prison. Therefore, it is a normal fact to have here many
personalities‟ statues and monuments dedicated to promoters of
past events (heroes, victims, simbols or just valuable people of
the city).
This paper aims at compiling important information
about these testimonies and revealing unpublished or less
known sources, in order to become a real Râmnicu Sărat‟s
guide in this field.
Born in Râmnicu Sărat, he studied painting in Paris and worked mainly in Balcic and Constanta, on the Black Sea seaside, at Sighisoara and the Dalmatian coast, exhibit his paintings in Romanian and French Official Salons, receive even the Gold Medal at the International Exhibition in Barcelona (1929).
In 29 April 1939, sick, he committed suicide at 39 years only.
The paper refers to the biography of the painter, rebuilt from existing sources in museum collections and contemporary media, about the success of his paintings at auction houses sales and about exhibitions in recent years.
Unpublished until present, appear here, Iorgulescu's albums and testament
The aim of this paper is to present 27 coins in the collection of the "Octavian Mosescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat, received as donations or purchased between the years 1980-1995 and 2016. The series presented consists of: Roman and Byzantine coins (6 ex.), issues of the kings of Hungary (5 ex.), Polish-Lithuanian Union (6 ex.), Wallachia (1 ex.), the Ottoman Empire (1 ex.), Habsburg Empire (4 ex.), the Principality of Brandenburg - Ansbach (1 ex.) and "Sadagura" (3 ex.), the oldest being a denarius issued by Vespasianus (69-71), and the latest ones being from the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.
Keywords: coins, metal detector, donation, coin acquisition.
„Spații culturale” („Cultural spaces”), n0. 87/2023 (martie-aprilie), pp. 12-15, ISSN: 2065-2984.
This paper aims to present a circular seal matrix
Keywords: seal matrix, Ramnicu Sarat, Wallachian eagle, horse, coat of arms, former counties.
Cuvinte cheie: matrice sigilară, Ramnicu Sărat, acvila Țării Românești, calul, stemă, foste județe.
This paper aims to present 4 circular seal matrices from the collection of the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum, that were issued between 1851 and aproximately 1920, being in use of the organisations (associations, institutions and authorities) from the former Ramnicu Sarat county.
First matrix (copper, 31 mm, incision) was, since 1851, in use of the association of merchants and craftsmen who paid a certain tax called the patent. It has, as central design of the die, the Wallachian eagle with the head turned on the right and a cross in its beak. Under the eagle is the year ″1851‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Cyrillic alphabet. The eagle, ancient symbol of Wallachia, can be documented in the 18th and 19th centuries on many seal matrices, as casts on documents and decoration, alone, in various variants. After 1862, the Wallachian eagle shares the shield from design of seal matrices together with the Moldavian auroch, as coat of arms of United Principalities of Romania. The eagle symbolizes courage, determination, flight to heights.
The second (copper, 36 mm, excision) was in use of the Ramnicu Sarat county hospital, since 1882. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right, and bellow the year ″1882‶. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet.
The third seal matrix (copper, 40 mm, incision) belonged to the commune of Corbu, former Ramnicu Sarat county, since 1919. It has, as central design of the die, a crowned polish shield, with a horse in the center and the numbers 19-19 (right-left). The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet.
The fourth (copper, 31 mm, excision, poor state of conservation) was in the use of Prefecture of the Ramnicu Sarat county, existing few known casts of it on the documents from the National Archives of Romania, from the third decade of the 20st Century. It has, as central design of the die, a horse, galloping to the right. The circular legend is written in Romanian with Latin alphabet.
The use of the horse, galloping to the right, on the seal matrices, as symbol of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, can be documented on other 325 matrices that are keept at the National Archives of Romania, on one from a private collection, as well , as casts, on hundred documents issued by organisations from the city and from the former Ramnicu Sarat county.
These seal matrices, as historical sources, are important for the local history, showing us the evolution and use of the symbols of the former Ramnicu Sarat county, as well the evolution of the ogranisations that they have belonged.
Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, letters and testimonies have begun to draw the attention of researchers, who have introduced them into the scientific circuit, they also draw the attention of the general public. Our paper proposes to present six postcards and two letters written between February 16th, 1940 and September 3rd, 1943, by Cocoş Bucur, soldier in the 8th Infantry Regiment, photographs and personal documents belonging to him. Cocoş Bucur was born on April 1st, 1908 in Valea Raţei, in the former county of Râmnicu Sărat (today, a village in the commune of Murgeşti, Buzău County), as son of Frăţilă and Tudora Cocoș.
He became church singer at the “Saint Parascheva” Church in Râmnicu Sărat, and on July 25th, 1936 he married with Joița Datcu (December 19th, 1916 – February 4th, 2009), from their marriage resulting four children: Constanţa (1938-2012), Teodora (1940-1996), Matei (1942-1994) and Elena (1944-2018).
He participated in the military concentration in 1940, and on July 7th, 1942, he was finally called under arms at the 8th Infantry Regiment in Buzău.
Few days before Romania joined the interests the United Nations, on August 8th, 1944, being at the regiment, he fell victim to American aviation that bombarded Buzău in the Frantic operation.
The little documentary fund is now the property of the descendants who made them available to us.
The author presents a coin hoard from the 16th century discovered on October 10, 2016 on the territory of Blăjani village, Buzău County. The hoard is a mixed one, consisting of 60 pieces, coins and fragments of coins, minted in gold (2) and silver (58). These coins were issued between 1506 and 1599, in Utrecht (a ducat), Cezayir (an altin), Tyrol (two thalers), Transylvania (grossus triplex-1), Poland (grossus triplex-1; grossus-1; ½ grossus-3), Riga (grossus triplex-2), Lithuania (grossus-1; ½ grossus-1), Gdansk (grossus-2), Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia (one grossus for each) and 38 denarii (63.33% of the treasure), issued by the Habsburgs, as kings of Hungary, all at Kremnitz. Taking in account the fact that the last piece is issued in 1599 (grossus triplex issued by Sigismund III), the burial of this coin hoard is most likely the result of the clashes that took place in the area, between the Moldavian-Polish troops and those led by Baba Novac in October 1600.
Sarat (1862), the town being planned after that into the form we know today, the main avenues being drawn and architectural monuments and parks being built, as well as the old (1881) and the new railway station (1897), because the railway has been introduced, and last but not least, being solved the big and eternal problem of the town, the water supply. In the second half of the 19th century, when the danger of breaking the Union still existed, the area of Ramnicu Sarat could not be avoided by the new Prince, being the hub of the road between
Wallachia and Moldavia.
We have information about the numerous passes of Carol I through the town in the “memoirs” largely written by Mite Kremnitz, and in the two volumes of the diary translated by Vasile Doncea, for the autumn of 1901, when there were Royal Maneuvers in the region, and the King
stayed three days in the town. Unfortunately, the offi cial (local) documents from that time are missing, being lost for the national archives, but we have a variety of contemporary sources, which have documented our approach: contemporary newspapers, the “Official Gazette” and postcards from the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collection. The Royal Maneuvers of Ramnicu Sarat were made on 28-30 September/11-13 October 1901, and we do know that the King was hosted in those days in the new palace of Mayor ConstantinLupescu, he attended two banquets held in the Administrative Palace (inaugurated in 1897), he visited public institutions such as the new prison (the future political prison), the hospital and the Secondary School.
Linked with the participation of Ramnicu Sarat city in the 1st Word War, over the years, but most recently – with the ocasion of the Centenary of the Great Union - local history scholars have presented issues related to the Battle of Christmas (2/22 - 14/27 December 1916), the destructions caused by the Germans in the city and the fate of the Germans' monument in Racoviteni.
Regarding the financial issues during the German occupation of Râmnicu Săra, we have information in documents written in Romanian and German, in the files related to the "Râmnicu Sărat City Hall" fund from 1917-1918 ("The structure and functioning of the public administration", "Financial issues "," Decisions of the Communal Council "), located at the Buzau County Service of National Archives. We mention that, in February 2018, only a small part of information from theese documents was published by the historian Valeriu Nicolescu, in the "Opinia" newspaper.
Therefore, through this approach, we intend to analyze the composition of the "General budget of the Râmnicu Sarat Commune", during the years 1917-1918, starting with the conception, to rectification and execution. At the same time, we will have some considerations regarding expenditures, including salaries, reporting of communal expenses to the Stage 225 Command, making comparisations with previous and subsequent financial years.
(Abstract)
Keywords: Composers, music, Ramnicu Sarat.
This paper aims to present the biography of the Romanian composer Ion (Ionel) Rădulescu, through the documets that are in the Ramnicu Sarat Municipal Museum’s collection. Thus, we have 51 personal objects donated by Rădulescu’s wife, Eugenia, on 16th of March 1999 (photos, documents, musical scores).
Ion Rădulescu was born in Ramnicu Sarat, on 5th of April 1918, and he followed primarly and secondary school in the city. After graduation of the Conservatoire, he has remained in Bucharest as music teacher and became, in 1950 member of the Union of Composers from Romania. During his activity he has written the music for over 100 songs, some of them dedicated to natal city.
He passed away on 8th of Jully 1989, in Bucharest, being buried in the cemetery of Ramnicu Sarat.
(Abstract)
Keywords : medals
This paper has propose to present five medals issued in Râmnicu Sărat city between 1994 and 2012. They were issued by public authorities, institutions and associations to commemorate local and national events like: first documentary mention of the town, hospital establishment, building of School no 5, celebration of 1900 years since Dacia was conquered by the Romans, celebration of 200 years since Basarabia was loss.
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a bi-monthly magazine that appeared in Ramnicu Sarat between 1884 and 1898. From it, we can gather interesting information about events, agriculture, climate, urbanism, literature or just simply facts from these years. In this paper, we have propose to present and to complete information about the city and county of Ramnicu Sarat that appears in its pages in the 9th year (February 1892 - January 1893). Some of these news are linked to political and administrative changes, selling of the state lands, the issue of water suply, statistical data, agriculture, and climate.
We can mention that now there are just few exemplaries issued in the 9th year of appearance.
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a bi-monthly magazine that appeared in Ramnicu Sarat between 1884 and 1898. From it, we can gather interesting information about events, agriculture, climate or just simply facts from these years. In this paper, we have propose to present and to complete information about the city and county of Ramnicu Sarat that appears in its pages in the 8th year (February 1891 - January 1892). Some of these news are linked to political and administrative changes, selling of the state lands, and statistical data.
We can mention that now there are just few exemplaries issued in the 8th year of appearance.
(Abstract)
Gazeta Sateanului was a monthly magazine that appeared at Ramnicu Sarat between 1884 and 1898. From it, we can gather interesting information about events, agriculture, climate or just simply facts from these years. In this paper, we have propose to present and to complete information about city and county of Ramnicu Sarat that appears in its pages in the 6th year (February 1889 - January 1890). Some of these news are linked to political and administrative changes, question of fresh water, opening of a secondary school in Ramnicu Sarat.
(Abstract)
This paper has propose to present three commemorative monuments and four commemorative plaques raised in the city of Râmnicu Sărat between 1990 and 2015. They aim to commemorate local and national events like: Romanian Revolution and its martyrs, the crimes made in the city during the regime of king Carol II, 300 years from the martyrdom of the Brâncoveanu family, celebration of 160 years from the building of the local hospital, 120 years from the building of the railway Buzau – Mărășești, and the accomplishment of 100 years from the beginning of the Alexandru Sihleanu literary club.
This paper refers to a hoard of coins discovered at Săsenii Vechi, Buzău County in April 2015, which contains 201 coins struck between 1492 and 1623.75 pieces from this hoard are ½ groats struck by polish monachs for the Crown and Lithuania and by Louis II of Hungary for the city of Swidnica (5). Among them, we have: 12 pieces of ½ groats struck by John I Albert (1492 – 1501) for the Crown, 23 pieces struk by Alexander I (1501 – 1506) for the Crown and 4 for Lithuania, 15 ½ groats struk by Sigismund I the Old (1506 – 1548) for the Crown and 6 for Lithuania, and 7 pieces struk by Sigismund II Augustus (1548 – 1572) for Lithuania, the first being a coin issued between 1492 and 1501.The 2nd lot consist of 123 Hungarian denarii struck by Habsburg monarchs as Hungarian kings, in Kremnitz mint: 53 by Ferdinand I (1526 – 1564), 19 by Maximilian (1564 – 1576), 47 by Rudolpf II (1576 – 1608) and 3 by Matthias II (1608 –1619), the last being a coin issued in 1613.We also identified 6 imitations too, 3 made after Polish Crown’s ½ groats, one after Hungarian denarii, one imitating the ¼ silver thaler struck by Sigismund III Vasa (1596-1609) for the city of Danzig, and one imitating a Holy Roman Empire silver coin from the 16th century. The presence here of these counterfeit pieces is not an uncommon thing in a period of development of counterfeits due to the lack of silver and of small coins required in daily transaction.The presence here of a single Ottoman coin, an onluk struck by Murad IV (AH 1032 – 1049/ AD 1623 – 1640) in his first year of reign, and the intensive use of coins issued prior to reforms from the beginning of the seventeenth century, shows us the monetary debasement and the decline of coinage mint in the Ottoman Empire who has registred a severe debasement beginning with the seventeenth century. Pieces from the 16th century, found in hoards after a long period from their struck, shows their quality, being prefered for retention instead of Ottoman contemporary silver pieces.If we take in account that the onluk issued in 1623 close the hoard, we consider that most probable the hoard was buried in the context of the political uncertainty situation and riots in Wallachia, from the second quarter of the 17th century.
-Abstract-
This paper refers to a coins hoard discovered in Blăjani, Buzău County in July 2015, which contains 49 Polish silver coins struck between 1538 and 1605, and one Russian, from the late 18th century.
49 of pieces from this hoard are coins struck by polish kings for the Crown, Lithuania, Riga and Gdansk. Among them, we have: two pieces of 6 groats struck by Sigismund III Vasa (1587-1632) in Malbork mint (1596 and 1599), one coin, which is the oldest piece from this hoard, of 3 groats (trojak) struck in 1538 by Sigismund I (1506–1548) for the city of Gdansk, three pieces of 3 groats struck by Ștefan Báthory (1575-1586) for Lithuania and two for city of Riga, and 41 pieces of 3 groats struck by Sigismund III Vasa (26 for the Crown, five for Lithuania, and ten for the city of Riga). About the last issuer, we can mention that the coins for the Crown were struck in mints of Bydgoszcz, Wschowa, Krakow, Lublin, Malbork, Olkusz, and Poznań between the years 1593 and 1605.
The intensive use of the polish coins of three and six groats, most issued prior to reforms from the beginning of the seventeenth century, found in hoards after a long period from their struck, shows their quality, being preferred for retention instead of contemporary silver pieces, most part of these being struck in the Ottoman Empire.
We have here and a Russian silver coin, of 15 kopecks, struck by Empress Catherine the Great (1762 - 1796) in the Moscow mint between 1770 and 1775, its presence being here, obviously, a coincidence.
Thus, we consider that most probable the hoard was buried in the context of the resumption of the Ottoman military pressure in this area, after the ending of peace between Holy League (1591-16016) and the Ottoman Empire.
This paper has proposed to present Roman Republican silver coins that are in the Râmnicu Sărat Municipal Museum’s collections, gathered mostly from donations.
There are 14 silver denarii and based upon their descriptions, the coins could be issued in period 138 to 31 B. C. Unfortunately, the finding point of only one of these coins is known, for 13 denarii donor said that come from exchanges with other collectors from the county or neighboring counties. The oldest is denarius issued by P. Aelius Paetus at 138 B.C. and the newest pieces are the legionnaires denarii emitted by Mark Antony at 32/31 B.C.
The most interesting thing about these is that the coins are numerous countermark-evidence of a long circulation.