Http Dx Doi Org 10 1207 S15327752jpa8203_06, Jun 10, 2010
Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two cons... more Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two constructs remains unclear. In this study, we used the California Q-set Alexithymia Prototype (CAQ-AP; Haviland & Reise, 1996) and Psychopathy Prototype (CAQ-PP; Reise & Oliver, 1994) to clarify the relationship between the two constructs and evaluate both in a sample of contemporary and historical political leaders (N = 42). Our data show that both individuals with prototypic alexithymia and psychopathy lack empathy and insight and are not introspective. The prototypic person with alexithymia, however, is anxious, overcontrolled, submissive, boring, ethically consistent, and socially conforming, whereas the prototypic individual with psychopathy is anxiety-free, undercontrolled, dominant, charming, deceitful, and nonconforming. Characteristics of both were relatively common among the 13 controversial and notorious leaders and relatively uncommon among the 29 generally respected leaders in the sample. The CAQ-AP and the CAQ-PP appear to be useful for evaluating alexithymic and psychopathic features in public figures.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related hos... more The purpose of the present study was to evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related hospitalizations in the United States (2002-2011). Over this period, there were an estimated 1,477,944 hospitalizations (915,591 women) with either a primary (reason for hospitalization) or secondary PTSD diagnosis. Population-based hospitalization rates rose from 2002 to 2011; women in the age range of 20 to 44 years had the highest rates and the steepest rise. Most of the hospitalizations for men and women younger than 45 years had been assigned a primary diagnosis of mental illness (including PTSD). Mood and substance use disorders were among the most commonly co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses with PTSD. Suicidal ideation/suicide attempts declined with increasing age. The strongest predictor of this criterion was mood disorder, and its importance as a predictor increased as people aged. Total inflation-adjusted charges for all PTSD-related hospitalizations were $34.9 billion, with 36% being for hospitalizations where a mental illness (including PTSD) was the primary diagnosis.
Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two cons... more Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two constructs remains unclear. In this study, we used the California Q-set Alexithymia Prototype (CAQ-AP; Haviland & Reise, 1996) and Psychopathy Prototype (CAQ-PP; Reise & Oliver, 1994) to clarify the relationship between the two constructs and evaluate both in a sample of contemporary and historical political leaders (N = 42). Our data show that both individuals with prototypic alexithymia and psychopathy lack empathy and insight and are not introspective. The prototypic person with alexithymia, however, is anxious, overcontrolled, submissive, boring, ethically consistent, and socially conforming, whereas the prototypic individual with psychopathy is anxiety-free, undercontrolled, dominant, charming, deceitful, and nonconforming. Characteristics of both were relatively common among the 13 controversial and notorious leaders and relatively uncommon among the 29 generally respected leaders in the sample. The CAQ-AP and the CAQ-PP appear to be useful for evaluating alexithymic and psychopathic features in public figures.
Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-correc... more Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-corrected chi-square statistic in analyses of 2 x 2 contingency tables. Research has shown that these 'corrected' statistics are overly conservative and that the conventional Pearson chi-square generally provides adequate control over type I error probabilities. This paper makes a straightforward argument against use of Yates's correction for continuity and Fisher's exact probability test.
Research Objective: Determine the cost of diabetes and hypertension among Medicaid beneficiaries ... more Research Objective: Determine the cost of diabetes and hypertension among Medicaid beneficiaries with mental illness. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of adults served by the San Bernardino County (California) Department of Behavioral Health. Birthdates and Social Security Numbers for the 5,302 patients seen between November 1 and 15, 2004 were matched against the State’s Medicaid claims database. Paid claims for services provided between May 2004 and April 2005 were extracted. Chronic diseases were identified by the primary diagnosis in claims and costs calculated as the sum of actual Medicaid and Medicare payments. Population Studied: Medicaid-eligible adults between the ages of 18 and 59 who received services through a Southern California county mental health department in late 2004. Principle Findings: Medicaid claims were obtained for 4,071 adults. Schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM 295.xx) was recorded in 37% of patients and affective disorders (296.xx) in 46%. Total annual payments...
Background: Although Asians generally have lower mental illness rates, statistics are based on li... more Background: Although Asians generally have lower mental illness rates, statistics are based on limited population-level data not separating Asians by national origin; partly, because few national surveys are translated into multiple Asian languages. Objective: Present serious mental illness rates by gender and seven Asian national origins and examine socio-demographic correlates. Method: The California Health Interview Survey oversamples Asian residents and is translated into several Asian languages. Serious mental illness (SMI; alternatively labeled serious psychological distress) was defined as Kessler 6 scores of 13 or higher. Surveys from 2005 (Asian adult n = 3,941), 2007 (n = 4,381), and 2009 (n = 4,874) were merged and analyses conducted with Stata/IC 11.2. Results: Among California adults, 2.9% of all men and 2.1% of all Asian men had Kessler 6 scores of 13 or higher, as did 4.0% of all women and 3.2% of Asian women. SMI was highest among Korean (5.3%) and Vietnamese women (...
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a controversial chronic pain condition affecting approximately 2-4% o... more BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a controversial chronic pain condition affecting approximately 2-4% of all adults, but mostly women. Fibromyalgia patients account for more medical cost, medication use, physician visits, and disability when compared to other chronic pain patients. Prevalence, co-morbidity, and cost estimates, however, largely are based on regional and small clinical samples or claims data within a particular health care system. Limited information exists about hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an epidemiological study including multiple insurance types, examining men and women with fibromyalgia-related hospitalizations in the United States. METHOD: All discharges between 1999 and 2007 with an ICD-9 diagnosis of 729.1 were selected from Nationwide Inpatient Sample data. Sampling procedures using Stata/SE 11.0 were used to generate the estimated number of annual discharges by gender. Population estimates were obtained from the Census Bureau. RESULTS: Between 1999 and ...
Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-correc... more Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-corrected chi-square statistic in analyses of 2 x 2 contingency tables. Research has shown that these 'corrected' statistics are overly conservative and that the conventional Pearson chi-square generally provides adequate control over type I error probabilities. This paper makes a straightforward argument against use of Yates's correction for continuity and Fisher's exact probability test.
... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. Predicti... more ... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. Predicting college graduation using selected institutional data. Haviland, Mark G.; Shaw, Dale G.; Haviland, Carol P. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, Vol 21(1), 1984, 1-3. Abstract. ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1207 S15327752jpa8203_06, Jun 10, 2010
Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two cons... more Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two constructs remains unclear. In this study, we used the California Q-set Alexithymia Prototype (CAQ-AP; Haviland & Reise, 1996) and Psychopathy Prototype (CAQ-PP; Reise & Oliver, 1994) to clarify the relationship between the two constructs and evaluate both in a sample of contemporary and historical political leaders (N = 42). Our data show that both individuals with prototypic alexithymia and psychopathy lack empathy and insight and are not introspective. The prototypic person with alexithymia, however, is anxious, overcontrolled, submissive, boring, ethically consistent, and socially conforming, whereas the prototypic individual with psychopathy is anxiety-free, undercontrolled, dominant, charming, deceitful, and nonconforming. Characteristics of both were relatively common among the 13 controversial and notorious leaders and relatively uncommon among the 29 generally respected leaders in the sample. The CAQ-AP and the CAQ-PP appear to be useful for evaluating alexithymic and psychopathic features in public figures.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related hos... more The purpose of the present study was to evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related hospitalizations in the United States (2002-2011). Over this period, there were an estimated 1,477,944 hospitalizations (915,591 women) with either a primary (reason for hospitalization) or secondary PTSD diagnosis. Population-based hospitalization rates rose from 2002 to 2011; women in the age range of 20 to 44 years had the highest rates and the steepest rise. Most of the hospitalizations for men and women younger than 45 years had been assigned a primary diagnosis of mental illness (including PTSD). Mood and substance use disorders were among the most commonly co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses with PTSD. Suicidal ideation/suicide attempts declined with increasing age. The strongest predictor of this criterion was mood disorder, and its importance as a predictor increased as people aged. Total inflation-adjusted charges for all PTSD-related hospitalizations were $34.9 billion, with 36% being for hospitalizations where a mental illness (including PTSD) was the primary diagnosis.
Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two cons... more Although alexithymia and psychopathy have long been linked, the relationship between the two constructs remains unclear. In this study, we used the California Q-set Alexithymia Prototype (CAQ-AP; Haviland & Reise, 1996) and Psychopathy Prototype (CAQ-PP; Reise & Oliver, 1994) to clarify the relationship between the two constructs and evaluate both in a sample of contemporary and historical political leaders (N = 42). Our data show that both individuals with prototypic alexithymia and psychopathy lack empathy and insight and are not introspective. The prototypic person with alexithymia, however, is anxious, overcontrolled, submissive, boring, ethically consistent, and socially conforming, whereas the prototypic individual with psychopathy is anxiety-free, undercontrolled, dominant, charming, deceitful, and nonconforming. Characteristics of both were relatively common among the 13 controversial and notorious leaders and relatively uncommon among the 29 generally respected leaders in the sample. The CAQ-AP and the CAQ-PP appear to be useful for evaluating alexithymic and psychopathic features in public figures.
Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-correc... more Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-corrected chi-square statistic in analyses of 2 x 2 contingency tables. Research has shown that these 'corrected' statistics are overly conservative and that the conventional Pearson chi-square generally provides adequate control over type I error probabilities. This paper makes a straightforward argument against use of Yates's correction for continuity and Fisher's exact probability test.
Research Objective: Determine the cost of diabetes and hypertension among Medicaid beneficiaries ... more Research Objective: Determine the cost of diabetes and hypertension among Medicaid beneficiaries with mental illness. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of adults served by the San Bernardino County (California) Department of Behavioral Health. Birthdates and Social Security Numbers for the 5,302 patients seen between November 1 and 15, 2004 were matched against the State’s Medicaid claims database. Paid claims for services provided between May 2004 and April 2005 were extracted. Chronic diseases were identified by the primary diagnosis in claims and costs calculated as the sum of actual Medicaid and Medicare payments. Population Studied: Medicaid-eligible adults between the ages of 18 and 59 who received services through a Southern California county mental health department in late 2004. Principle Findings: Medicaid claims were obtained for 4,071 adults. Schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM 295.xx) was recorded in 37% of patients and affective disorders (296.xx) in 46%. Total annual payments...
Background: Although Asians generally have lower mental illness rates, statistics are based on li... more Background: Although Asians generally have lower mental illness rates, statistics are based on limited population-level data not separating Asians by national origin; partly, because few national surveys are translated into multiple Asian languages. Objective: Present serious mental illness rates by gender and seven Asian national origins and examine socio-demographic correlates. Method: The California Health Interview Survey oversamples Asian residents and is translated into several Asian languages. Serious mental illness (SMI; alternatively labeled serious psychological distress) was defined as Kessler 6 scores of 13 or higher. Surveys from 2005 (Asian adult n = 3,941), 2007 (n = 4,381), and 2009 (n = 4,874) were merged and analyses conducted with Stata/IC 11.2. Results: Among California adults, 2.9% of all men and 2.1% of all Asian men had Kessler 6 scores of 13 or higher, as did 4.0% of all women and 3.2% of Asian women. SMI was highest among Korean (5.3%) and Vietnamese women (...
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a controversial chronic pain condition affecting approximately 2-4% o... more BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a controversial chronic pain condition affecting approximately 2-4% of all adults, but mostly women. Fibromyalgia patients account for more medical cost, medication use, physician visits, and disability when compared to other chronic pain patients. Prevalence, co-morbidity, and cost estimates, however, largely are based on regional and small clinical samples or claims data within a particular health care system. Limited information exists about hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an epidemiological study including multiple insurance types, examining men and women with fibromyalgia-related hospitalizations in the United States. METHOD: All discharges between 1999 and 2007 with an ICD-9 diagnosis of 729.1 were selected from Nationwide Inpatient Sample data. Sampling procedures using Stata/SE 11.0 were used to generate the estimated number of annual discharges by gender. Population estimates were obtained from the Census Bureau. RESULTS: Between 1999 and ...
Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-correc... more Despite recommendations to the contrary, medical researchers still routinely use the Yates-corrected chi-square statistic in analyses of 2 x 2 contingency tables. Research has shown that these 'corrected' statistics are overly conservative and that the conventional Pearson chi-square generally provides adequate control over type I error probabilities. This paper makes a straightforward argument against use of Yates's correction for continuity and Fisher's exact probability test.
... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. Predicti... more ... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. Predicting college graduation using selected institutional data. Haviland, Mark G.; Shaw, Dale G.; Haviland, Carol P. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, Vol 21(1), 1984, 1-3. Abstract. ...
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Papers by Mark Haviland