The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, May 1, 2016
Comparisons of current and historic ocean ambient noise levels are rare, especially in the North ... more Comparisons of current and historic ocean ambient noise levels are rare, especially in the North Atlantic. Recent (2013-2014) monthly patterns in ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda were compared to those recorded at the same location in 1966. Additionally, trends in ocean traffic, in particular, Panama Canal traffic, over this time were also investigated. One year of ocean ambient noise measurements were collected in 1966 using cabled, omnidirectional hydrophones at the U.S. Navy Tudor Hill Laboratory in Bermuda, and repeat measurements were collected at the same location from June 2013-May 2014 using a High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package. Average monthly pressure spectrum levels at 44 Hz increased 2.8 ± 0.8 dB from 1966 to 2013, indicating an average increase of 0.6 dB/decade. This low level of increase may be due to topographic shielding at this site, limiting it to only southern exposure, and the limit in the number of ship transits through the Panama Canal, which did not...
... Kappel, ES and WR Normark (1987). Morphometric variability within the Axial Zone of the south... more ... Kappel, ES and WR Normark (1987). Morphometric variability within the Axial Zone of the southernJuan de Fuca Ridge: interpretation from SeaMARC II, SeaMARC I, and deep-sea photography, J. Geo-phys. Res. 92, 11291-11302. Kappel, ES and WBF Ryan (1986). ...
The distribution and relative abundance of mysticete whales in the SO GLOBEC West Antarctic Penin... more The distribution and relative abundance of mysticete whales in the SO GLOBEC West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region was investigated using acoustic and visual census techniques. Calls of three species (blue, fin and minke whales), recorded by autonomous acoustic recording packages (ARPs) were tallied for the period from April 2001 to February 2002. Blue and minke whale calls were recorded year-round, with calls from blue whales occurring far more frequently than those from minkes. Fin whale calls were strongly seasonal, with a peak in April-May 2001 and an absence of calls from July 2001 through January 2002. Calls from humpback whales were recorded on the ARPs but have not yet been tallied. Visual observations were conducted during eight SO GLOBEC cruises using standard line transect survey protocols, with resultant data confirming humpback and minke whale presence in the study region in austral autumn and winter. There was only one (possible) blue whale sighting and a few fin whale...
Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide... more Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide. These songs are divided into nine regional types, which maintain a stable character. Five of the nine song types have been recorded over time spans greater than 30 years showing no significant change in character. We suggest that distinct differences in song provide another data set for comparison with genetic and morphological data when defining blue whale populations. Furthermore, we recommend that when there is a lack of other data, or lack of clarity in other data sets, evidence of distinct differences in songs between areas be used as the provisional population structure when making management decisions. Worldwide study is needed to better understand the various populations (subspecies) within species like the blue whale that have large geographic distributions and have both migrating and resident populations. The song types we propose here can be used to test various phylogeograp...
ABSTRACT Acoustic models based on physics and mathematics may yield significant advances in the u... more ABSTRACT Acoustic models based on physics and mathematics may yield significant advances in the understanding of sound production, propagation, and interaction associated with whales and dolphins. Models can be used to estimate the limits of intensity and frequency that are physically possible given the anatomy of a species. Models can also tell us what kind of anatomical structures would be necessary in order to produce sound having specific characteristics. Models can be used to clarify what type of measurements should be performed to answer specific questions. Many areas of bioacoustics stand to benefit from simulation of sound propagation through biological tissues and the media surrounding them. However, accurate modeling of biological subjects with complex anatomical features is extremely challenging, and few modern studies exist of sound production and propagation in whales and dolphins.
Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492), 2003
... a time. Acoustic Recording Packages (ARPs) at Cortez and Tanner Banks have been acoustically ... more ... a time. Acoustic Recording Packages (ARPs) at Cortez and Tanner Banks have been acoustically monitoring the region since August, 2000 providing a detailed continuous record of calling presence for over 2.5 years. There ...
The calling seasonality of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) andfin ( B. physalus) whales was assessed... more The calling seasonality of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) andfin ( B. physalus) whales was assessedusing,acoustic data recorded on seven autonomous,acoustic recording packages,(ARPs) deployed,from March 2001 to February 2003 in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Automatic,detection and,acoustic power,analysis methods,were used for determining presence and absence of whale calls. Blue whale calls were detected year round, on average 177 days per year, with
Calls from North Pacific right whales ( Eubalaena,japonica) were recorded in the eastern Bering S... more Calls from North Pacific right whales ( Eubalaena,japonica) were recorded in the eastern Bering Sea during a visual and acoustic survey aboard the US Coast Guard buoy tender Sweetbrier, in July 1999. Calls were commonly detected to 20km, and in one case approximately 30km, via deployment of arrays of directional sonobuoys. Acoustic detections (clusters of right whale calls separated
Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide... more Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide. These songs are divided into nine regional types, which maintain a stable character. Five of the nine song types have been recorded over time spans greater than 30 years showing no significant change in character. We suggest that distinct differences in song provide another data set
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, May 1, 2016
Comparisons of current and historic ocean ambient noise levels are rare, especially in the North ... more Comparisons of current and historic ocean ambient noise levels are rare, especially in the North Atlantic. Recent (2013-2014) monthly patterns in ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda were compared to those recorded at the same location in 1966. Additionally, trends in ocean traffic, in particular, Panama Canal traffic, over this time were also investigated. One year of ocean ambient noise measurements were collected in 1966 using cabled, omnidirectional hydrophones at the U.S. Navy Tudor Hill Laboratory in Bermuda, and repeat measurements were collected at the same location from June 2013-May 2014 using a High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package. Average monthly pressure spectrum levels at 44 Hz increased 2.8 ± 0.8 dB from 1966 to 2013, indicating an average increase of 0.6 dB/decade. This low level of increase may be due to topographic shielding at this site, limiting it to only southern exposure, and the limit in the number of ship transits through the Panama Canal, which did not...
... Kappel, ES and WR Normark (1987). Morphometric variability within the Axial Zone of the south... more ... Kappel, ES and WR Normark (1987). Morphometric variability within the Axial Zone of the southernJuan de Fuca Ridge: interpretation from SeaMARC II, SeaMARC I, and deep-sea photography, J. Geo-phys. Res. 92, 11291-11302. Kappel, ES and WBF Ryan (1986). ...
The distribution and relative abundance of mysticete whales in the SO GLOBEC West Antarctic Penin... more The distribution and relative abundance of mysticete whales in the SO GLOBEC West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region was investigated using acoustic and visual census techniques. Calls of three species (blue, fin and minke whales), recorded by autonomous acoustic recording packages (ARPs) were tallied for the period from April 2001 to February 2002. Blue and minke whale calls were recorded year-round, with calls from blue whales occurring far more frequently than those from minkes. Fin whale calls were strongly seasonal, with a peak in April-May 2001 and an absence of calls from July 2001 through January 2002. Calls from humpback whales were recorded on the ARPs but have not yet been tallied. Visual observations were conducted during eight SO GLOBEC cruises using standard line transect survey protocols, with resultant data confirming humpback and minke whale presence in the study region in austral autumn and winter. There was only one (possible) blue whale sighting and a few fin whale...
Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide... more Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide. These songs are divided into nine regional types, which maintain a stable character. Five of the nine song types have been recorded over time spans greater than 30 years showing no significant change in character. We suggest that distinct differences in song provide another data set for comparison with genetic and morphological data when defining blue whale populations. Furthermore, we recommend that when there is a lack of other data, or lack of clarity in other data sets, evidence of distinct differences in songs between areas be used as the provisional population structure when making management decisions. Worldwide study is needed to better understand the various populations (subspecies) within species like the blue whale that have large geographic distributions and have both migrating and resident populations. The song types we propose here can be used to test various phylogeograp...
ABSTRACT Acoustic models based on physics and mathematics may yield significant advances in the u... more ABSTRACT Acoustic models based on physics and mathematics may yield significant advances in the understanding of sound production, propagation, and interaction associated with whales and dolphins. Models can be used to estimate the limits of intensity and frequency that are physically possible given the anatomy of a species. Models can also tell us what kind of anatomical structures would be necessary in order to produce sound having specific characteristics. Models can be used to clarify what type of measurements should be performed to answer specific questions. Many areas of bioacoustics stand to benefit from simulation of sound propagation through biological tissues and the media surrounding them. However, accurate modeling of biological subjects with complex anatomical features is extremely challenging, and few modern studies exist of sound production and propagation in whales and dolphins.
Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492), 2003
... a time. Acoustic Recording Packages (ARPs) at Cortez and Tanner Banks have been acoustically ... more ... a time. Acoustic Recording Packages (ARPs) at Cortez and Tanner Banks have been acoustically monitoring the region since August, 2000 providing a detailed continuous record of calling presence for over 2.5 years. There ...
The calling seasonality of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) andfin ( B. physalus) whales was assessed... more The calling seasonality of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) andfin ( B. physalus) whales was assessedusing,acoustic data recorded on seven autonomous,acoustic recording packages,(ARPs) deployed,from March 2001 to February 2003 in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Automatic,detection and,acoustic power,analysis methods,were used for determining presence and absence of whale calls. Blue whale calls were detected year round, on average 177 days per year, with
Calls from North Pacific right whales ( Eubalaena,japonica) were recorded in the eastern Bering S... more Calls from North Pacific right whales ( Eubalaena,japonica) were recorded in the eastern Bering Sea during a visual and acoustic survey aboard the US Coast Guard buoy tender Sweetbrier, in July 1999. Calls were commonly detected to 20km, and in one case approximately 30km, via deployment of arrays of directional sonobuoys. Acoustic detections (clusters of right whale calls separated
Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide... more Blue whale songs provide a new means for characterizing blue whale population structure worldwide. These songs are divided into nine regional types, which maintain a stable character. Five of the nine song types have been recorded over time spans greater than 30 years showing no significant change in character. We suggest that distinct differences in song provide another data set
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