ABSTRACT ABSTRACTA process to reduce cholesterol in liquid egg yolk using β-cyclodextrin (CD) was... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACTA process to reduce cholesterol in liquid egg yolk using β-cyclodextrin (CD) was optimized by response surface methodology, based on cholesterol reduction and yield. The most important factors influencing cholesterol reduction were dilution of egg yolk to a defined water:solid ratio and CD concentration. In the final process, egg yolk was adjusted to pH 10.5, diluted to a water:solid ratio of 2.9, heated to 50°C, and CD added at a CD:cholesterol molar ratio of 4.0. The slurry was mixed for 6.5 min at 1800 rpm, cooled to 4°C and centrifuged. Cholesterol in the supernatant was reduced by 89.2%. The yield, cholesterol and CD in the final product were adjusted by varying centrifugal force and CD concentration.
Pregnant rats were pair-fed isoenergetic diets with vary ing fat content and varying fatty acid c... more Pregnant rats were pair-fed isoenergetic diets with vary ing fat content and varying fatty acid compositions to determine if manipu lation of the maternal diet would affect fetal lipid metabolism. A mixture of tallow and lard replaced cornstarch on an equal-energy basis so that fat supplied 5 to 65% of the metabolizable energy. Fat content of the maternal diet did
Hypoglycin A, the toxin found in the ackee fruit, has been reported in the literature as the caus... more Hypoglycin A, the toxin found in the ackee fruit, has been reported in the literature as the causative agent in incidences of acute toxicity termed Jamaican vomiting sickness or toxic hypoglycemic syndrome. Hypoglycin A toxicity in this study was determined by feeding male and female Sprague–Dawley rats a control diet and ackee diets that contained 4–3840ppm of hypoglycin. The fixed
In this investigation, we demonstrate that rat liver epithelial (WB-F344) cells grown in medium s... more In this investigation, we demonstrate that rat liver epithelial (WB-F344) cells grown in medium supplemented with n−3 fatty acids (FA) results in the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Cells incubated for 48 hr in medium containing 50 μM α-linolenate (18∶3n−3) resulted in a 60% inhibition of GJIC, compared to control cells, while treatment with γ-linolenate (18∶3n−6) had no
Cell wall (CW) materials of selected navy bean cultivars/line (C-20, Seafarer, Fleetwood, and exp... more Cell wall (CW) materials of selected navy bean cultivars/line (C-20, Seafarer, Fleetwood, and experimental line 84004) were isolated and fractionated into six fractions: hot water soluble polymer (HWSP), ammonium oxalate soluble polymer (AOSP), hemicelluloses A and B, cellulose, ...
The effects of varying colon bile acid concentrations on rat colon epithelial cell proliferation ... more The effects of varying colon bile acid concentrations on rat colon epithelial cell proliferation were studied. Bile acid concentrations were altered by intrarectally injecting either deoxycholic or lithocholic acid for 4 weeks or by increasing the dietary fat or fiber (wheat bran, agar, or carrageenan) intake for 4 weeks. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was s.c. injected into half of the rats 1
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic a... more The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced IgA nephropathy in mice and their relation to proinflammatory gene expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Consumption of a modified AIN-93G diet containing 1, 5, and 30 g/kg DHA resulted in dose-dependent increases of DHA in liver phospholipids with concomitant decreases in arachidonic acid compared with control diets. DHA dose dependently inhibited increases in serum IgA and IgA immune complexes (IC) as well as IgA deposition in the kidney in DON-fed mice; the 30 g/kg DHA diet had the earliest detectable effects and maximal efficacy. Both splenic interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), an indicator of IL-6 transcription, were significantly reduced in DON-fed mice that consumed 5 and 30 g/kg DHA; a similar reduction was observed for cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA. In a subsequent study, acute DON ...
Consumption of soy foods has been weakly associated with reduced colon cancer risk. Colon cancer ... more Consumption of soy foods has been weakly associated with reduced colon cancer risk. Colon cancer risk is influenced by estrogen exposure, although the mechanism through which this occurs is not defined. Conversion of estradiol (E2) to estrone (E1) may be protective in the colon. ...
Six semipurified canned diets ranging in composition from 0 to 62% of energy from carbohydrate an... more Six semipurified canned diets ranging in composition from 0 to 62% of energy from carbohydrate and from 20% to 48% of energy from protein were fed to female beagle dogs for 8 months. Additionally, three commercial-type diets were also fed. The effects of these diets on growth, body composition and selected blood metabolite levels in the dogs were studied. The dogs readily consumed each of the nine diets fed. The level of carbohydrate, fat or protein in the diet did not influence body weight gain during the first 16 weeks nor was nitrogen balance affected by the diets. At the end of the 32-week study, dogs fed the high-carbohydrate (62% of energy) diet contained less body fat but an equal-free mass, than did dogs fed lower-carbohydrate (20--42% of energy) diets with a similar quantity of protein. Consumption of carbohydrate-free diets did not influence postprandial levels of circulating glucose or insulin in the dogs. Plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in dogs consuming in the d...
ABSTRACT ABSTRACTA process to reduce cholesterol in liquid egg yolk using β-cyclodextrin (CD) was... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACTA process to reduce cholesterol in liquid egg yolk using β-cyclodextrin (CD) was optimized by response surface methodology, based on cholesterol reduction and yield. The most important factors influencing cholesterol reduction were dilution of egg yolk to a defined water:solid ratio and CD concentration. In the final process, egg yolk was adjusted to pH 10.5, diluted to a water:solid ratio of 2.9, heated to 50°C, and CD added at a CD:cholesterol molar ratio of 4.0. The slurry was mixed for 6.5 min at 1800 rpm, cooled to 4°C and centrifuged. Cholesterol in the supernatant was reduced by 89.2%. The yield, cholesterol and CD in the final product were adjusted by varying centrifugal force and CD concentration.
Pregnant rats were pair-fed isoenergetic diets with vary ing fat content and varying fatty acid c... more Pregnant rats were pair-fed isoenergetic diets with vary ing fat content and varying fatty acid compositions to determine if manipu lation of the maternal diet would affect fetal lipid metabolism. A mixture of tallow and lard replaced cornstarch on an equal-energy basis so that fat supplied 5 to 65% of the metabolizable energy. Fat content of the maternal diet did
Hypoglycin A, the toxin found in the ackee fruit, has been reported in the literature as the caus... more Hypoglycin A, the toxin found in the ackee fruit, has been reported in the literature as the causative agent in incidences of acute toxicity termed Jamaican vomiting sickness or toxic hypoglycemic syndrome. Hypoglycin A toxicity in this study was determined by feeding male and female Sprague–Dawley rats a control diet and ackee diets that contained 4–3840ppm of hypoglycin. The fixed
In this investigation, we demonstrate that rat liver epithelial (WB-F344) cells grown in medium s... more In this investigation, we demonstrate that rat liver epithelial (WB-F344) cells grown in medium supplemented with n−3 fatty acids (FA) results in the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Cells incubated for 48 hr in medium containing 50 μM α-linolenate (18∶3n−3) resulted in a 60% inhibition of GJIC, compared to control cells, while treatment with γ-linolenate (18∶3n−6) had no
Cell wall (CW) materials of selected navy bean cultivars/line (C-20, Seafarer, Fleetwood, and exp... more Cell wall (CW) materials of selected navy bean cultivars/line (C-20, Seafarer, Fleetwood, and experimental line 84004) were isolated and fractionated into six fractions: hot water soluble polymer (HWSP), ammonium oxalate soluble polymer (AOSP), hemicelluloses A and B, cellulose, ...
The effects of varying colon bile acid concentrations on rat colon epithelial cell proliferation ... more The effects of varying colon bile acid concentrations on rat colon epithelial cell proliferation were studied. Bile acid concentrations were altered by intrarectally injecting either deoxycholic or lithocholic acid for 4 weeks or by increasing the dietary fat or fiber (wheat bran, agar, or carrageenan) intake for 4 weeks. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was s.c. injected into half of the rats 1
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic a... more The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced IgA nephropathy in mice and their relation to proinflammatory gene expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Consumption of a modified AIN-93G diet containing 1, 5, and 30 g/kg DHA resulted in dose-dependent increases of DHA in liver phospholipids with concomitant decreases in arachidonic acid compared with control diets. DHA dose dependently inhibited increases in serum IgA and IgA immune complexes (IC) as well as IgA deposition in the kidney in DON-fed mice; the 30 g/kg DHA diet had the earliest detectable effects and maximal efficacy. Both splenic interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), an indicator of IL-6 transcription, were significantly reduced in DON-fed mice that consumed 5 and 30 g/kg DHA; a similar reduction was observed for cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA. In a subsequent study, acute DON ...
Consumption of soy foods has been weakly associated with reduced colon cancer risk. Colon cancer ... more Consumption of soy foods has been weakly associated with reduced colon cancer risk. Colon cancer risk is influenced by estrogen exposure, although the mechanism through which this occurs is not defined. Conversion of estradiol (E2) to estrone (E1) may be protective in the colon. ...
Six semipurified canned diets ranging in composition from 0 to 62% of energy from carbohydrate an... more Six semipurified canned diets ranging in composition from 0 to 62% of energy from carbohydrate and from 20% to 48% of energy from protein were fed to female beagle dogs for 8 months. Additionally, three commercial-type diets were also fed. The effects of these diets on growth, body composition and selected blood metabolite levels in the dogs were studied. The dogs readily consumed each of the nine diets fed. The level of carbohydrate, fat or protein in the diet did not influence body weight gain during the first 16 weeks nor was nitrogen balance affected by the diets. At the end of the 32-week study, dogs fed the high-carbohydrate (62% of energy) diet contained less body fat but an equal-free mass, than did dogs fed lower-carbohydrate (20--42% of energy) diets with a similar quantity of protein. Consumption of carbohydrate-free diets did not influence postprandial levels of circulating glucose or insulin in the dogs. Plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in dogs consuming in the d...
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