Este trabajo se centra en las practicas de memoria segun tiempos y espacios heterogeneos que son ... more Este trabajo se centra en las practicas de memoria segun tiempos y espacios heterogeneos que son articulados a partir de contextos historicos y contingentes. Especificamente, se relevan las diferentes trayectorias locales en torno a luchas concretas llevadas a cabo por las comunidades andinas en el territorio de Camina. Nuestra exposicion intenta alejarse de las posturas tajantes y dicotomicas en aras de desnaturalizar categorias, desestabilizar jerarquias y descentrar paradigmas. En cambio, proponemos un analisis desde la miriada de procesos internos que muestran la variabilidad y la mutabilidad en los ensamblados de andinidad en el contexto neoliberal del Chile contemporaneo.
This article examines the social implications of pottery circulation in the southern Andes during... more This article examines the social implications of pottery circulation in the southern Andes during the Late pre-Hispanic periods (ca. A.D. 1000–1550). In particular, its goal is to understand the role of Yavi-Chicha pottery in the dynamics of interaction between two regions: the Chicha valleys in the border of Bolivia and Argentina and the Atacama in Chile. We do so through exploring the life history of Yavi-Chicha pottery: where and how it was manufactured, how it circulated, and the possible consumers, building on new ceramic analysis combined with previous results and discussed in relation to available research. Based on mineralogical and chemical data, we argue that Yavi-Chicha vessels that circulated in Chile, mostly polished jars, were manufactured somewhere in the Talina Valley, in Bolivia, ruling out the possibility that this pottery was produced in the Atacama. This indicates social interaction between the Chicha Region and the Atacama. In the context of a consistent relationship between the two regions, the circulation of Yavi-Chicha vessels could have involved a variety of practices, agents and motivations as two main types of traffic (embedded and specialized) seemed to have coexisted in the routes that connect both regions. This leads us to consider different possible scenarios of Yavi-Chicha ceramic consumption, implying different processes of negotiation and interaction between both regions. These vessels would have circulated as inalienable possessions (or identity markers), as trade items or as politically charged gifts under Inca State auspices (as gifts and political marker). Overall, we suggest that the presence of Yavi-Chicha ceramics in the Atacama would have been the result of an effort to maintain and consolidate preexisting interregional social relations between the Chicha Region and the Atacama.
Paleoparasitological studies have provided insights into ancient parasite occurrence and its rela... more Paleoparasitological studies have provided insights into ancient parasite occurrence and its relationship to the health, lifestyle, and cultural practices of past populations. We analyzed 26 human coprolites and digestive tract contents, most of them contained in mummified human bodies, from coastal and inland archaeological sites in the Atacama Desert (3000–500 BP), to test for gastrointestinal parasites. We rehydrated and sedimented the samples to concentrate the micro-remains and then conducted light microscopy examination and paleogenetic analysis. The microscopy analysis allowed us to recover helminth eggs of five different taxa in seven samples, attributed to Diphyllobotrium sp., Dipylidium caninum, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris sp., and possible strongylid. PCR amplification yielded negative results in all cases. Results suggest a low parasite burden relating to infection with pinworms, whipworms, and possible strongylids, as well as an absence of infection in most of the individuals. The presence of Diphyllobotrium sp. in coastal sites is associated with the consumption of insufficiently cooked fish resources. The occurrence of D. caninum in an inland site may indicate cohabitation with dogs and/or wild canids. These findings contribute to knowledge of parasite occurrence in human groups from the southern Andes and its relationship with the environment and the cultural practices involved.
The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed ... more The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed as a key framework to understand trends and mechanisms that have led to the Anthropocene. By integrating archeological and paleoenvironmental records, we test the hypothesis that Chilean societies progressively escalated their capacity to shape national biophysical systems as socio-cultural complexity and pressures on natural resources increased over the last three millennia. We demonstrate that Pre-Columbian societies intentionally transformed Chile’s northern and central regions by continuously adjusting socio-cultural practices and/or incorporating technologies that guaranteed resource access and social wealth. The fact that past human activities led to cumulative impacts on diverse biophysical processes, not only contradicts the notion of pristine pre-Industrial Revolution landscapes, but suggests that the Anthropocene derives from long-term processes that have operated uninterrupted...
This paper attempts to determine the main representational conventions that rule the iconographic... more This paper attempts to determine the main representational conventions that rule the iconographic system of Tiwanaku's lithosculpture, specifying the dffirent interuelation and combinationforms of its various components. On this basis, a stylistic sequence of its main sculptures is built, as a means to approach the politicalforms developed between the Altiplanic State and other cultural entities of South-Central Andes.
Preliminary research results in the oasis of Quillagua in Northern Chile show that this place was... more Preliminary research results in the oasis of Quillagua in Northern Chile show that this place was occupied by different cultural entities along the Formative Period. Mortuary pottery collections from Quillagua and the region of Valles Occidentales to the North and the sub ...
A partir del analisis tipologico y conductual de los restos ceramicos provenientes de un tramo me... more A partir del analisis tipologico y conductual de los restos ceramicos provenientes de un tramo meridional del Camino del Inka (rio Loa, Chile), se presenta una serie de conclusiones relativas a los distintos momentos de ocupacion, funcionalidad y tipo de asentamiento de los segmentos viales identificados en la region durante dos anos de estudio. Ello se plantea como un acercamiento al sistema vial incaico y su papel dentro de la expansion del Tawantinsuyo y la conquista de las poblaciones del desierto de Atacama.
La intencion de este trabajo constituye un ejercicio entre distintas disciplinas delas humanidade... more La intencion de este trabajo constituye un ejercicio entre distintas disciplinas delas humanidades y ciencias sociales por tensionar la nocion de patrimonio mediante los relatos de extincion y exterminio que se desenvuelven en torno a Magallanes. Este espacio ha implicado transitar por una diversidad de niveles discursivos y una multiplicidad de actores sociales en constante cambio, interaccion y confrontacion. De este modo, los procesos de “patrimonializacion” identificados ponen en contraste, y al compas, tanto las estabilidades y consensos, asi como las contradicciones y conflictos presentes en los diferentes relatos/representaciones, lo que nos permite reflexionar sobre los aciertos y paradojas culturales del Chile contemporaneo.ABSTRACTThis paper is a collaborative work between different disciplines from humanities and social sciences, in order to stress the notion of heritage by the stories about extinction and extermination managed at M.agallanes. This locus had entailed the ...
Este estudio petrográfico de 23 láminas delgadas de cerámica de estilo Inca Colonial, Etnográfica... more Este estudio petrográfico de 23 láminas delgadas de cerámica de estilo Inca Colonial, Etnográfica Colonial y Etnográfica Reciente de cinco pueblos de la Marka Isluga y uno de la Marka Cariquima permitió establecer la primera base de datos composicionales para esta parte del altiplano del norte de Chile. A pesar de presentar composiciones piroclásticas similares, muchas con pómez y trizas de vidrio, pequeñas variaciones permiten distinguir entre las cerámicas de estas dos Markas o pueblos ceremoniales aymaras, distantes unos 20 km. Sobre la base de la composición mineral y química, también parece posible poder determinarse el origen de los fragmentos y vasijas recolectados en el pueblo sagrado de Isluga, es decir, si provienen de los pueblos de la misma u otras Markas. Por otra parte, se nota que el tipo de composición piroclástica característico del altiplano de la región de Isluga no se observa en las cerámicas del valle de Tarapacá (costa, pampa y precordillera), distinguiéndose d...
Este trabajo se centra en las practicas de memoria segun tiempos y espacios heterogeneos que son ... more Este trabajo se centra en las practicas de memoria segun tiempos y espacios heterogeneos que son articulados a partir de contextos historicos y contingentes. Especificamente, se relevan las diferentes trayectorias locales en torno a luchas concretas llevadas a cabo por las comunidades andinas en el territorio de Camina. Nuestra exposicion intenta alejarse de las posturas tajantes y dicotomicas en aras de desnaturalizar categorias, desestabilizar jerarquias y descentrar paradigmas. En cambio, proponemos un analisis desde la miriada de procesos internos que muestran la variabilidad y la mutabilidad en los ensamblados de andinidad en el contexto neoliberal del Chile contemporaneo.
This article examines the social implications of pottery circulation in the southern Andes during... more This article examines the social implications of pottery circulation in the southern Andes during the Late pre-Hispanic periods (ca. A.D. 1000–1550). In particular, its goal is to understand the role of Yavi-Chicha pottery in the dynamics of interaction between two regions: the Chicha valleys in the border of Bolivia and Argentina and the Atacama in Chile. We do so through exploring the life history of Yavi-Chicha pottery: where and how it was manufactured, how it circulated, and the possible consumers, building on new ceramic analysis combined with previous results and discussed in relation to available research. Based on mineralogical and chemical data, we argue that Yavi-Chicha vessels that circulated in Chile, mostly polished jars, were manufactured somewhere in the Talina Valley, in Bolivia, ruling out the possibility that this pottery was produced in the Atacama. This indicates social interaction between the Chicha Region and the Atacama. In the context of a consistent relationship between the two regions, the circulation of Yavi-Chicha vessels could have involved a variety of practices, agents and motivations as two main types of traffic (embedded and specialized) seemed to have coexisted in the routes that connect both regions. This leads us to consider different possible scenarios of Yavi-Chicha ceramic consumption, implying different processes of negotiation and interaction between both regions. These vessels would have circulated as inalienable possessions (or identity markers), as trade items or as politically charged gifts under Inca State auspices (as gifts and political marker). Overall, we suggest that the presence of Yavi-Chicha ceramics in the Atacama would have been the result of an effort to maintain and consolidate preexisting interregional social relations between the Chicha Region and the Atacama.
Paleoparasitological studies have provided insights into ancient parasite occurrence and its rela... more Paleoparasitological studies have provided insights into ancient parasite occurrence and its relationship to the health, lifestyle, and cultural practices of past populations. We analyzed 26 human coprolites and digestive tract contents, most of them contained in mummified human bodies, from coastal and inland archaeological sites in the Atacama Desert (3000–500 BP), to test for gastrointestinal parasites. We rehydrated and sedimented the samples to concentrate the micro-remains and then conducted light microscopy examination and paleogenetic analysis. The microscopy analysis allowed us to recover helminth eggs of five different taxa in seven samples, attributed to Diphyllobotrium sp., Dipylidium caninum, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris sp., and possible strongylid. PCR amplification yielded negative results in all cases. Results suggest a low parasite burden relating to infection with pinworms, whipworms, and possible strongylids, as well as an absence of infection in most of the individuals. The presence of Diphyllobotrium sp. in coastal sites is associated with the consumption of insufficiently cooked fish resources. The occurrence of D. caninum in an inland site may indicate cohabitation with dogs and/or wild canids. These findings contribute to knowledge of parasite occurrence in human groups from the southern Andes and its relationship with the environment and the cultural practices involved.
The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed ... more The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed as a key framework to understand trends and mechanisms that have led to the Anthropocene. By integrating archeological and paleoenvironmental records, we test the hypothesis that Chilean societies progressively escalated their capacity to shape national biophysical systems as socio-cultural complexity and pressures on natural resources increased over the last three millennia. We demonstrate that Pre-Columbian societies intentionally transformed Chile’s northern and central regions by continuously adjusting socio-cultural practices and/or incorporating technologies that guaranteed resource access and social wealth. The fact that past human activities led to cumulative impacts on diverse biophysical processes, not only contradicts the notion of pristine pre-Industrial Revolution landscapes, but suggests that the Anthropocene derives from long-term processes that have operated uninterrupted...
This paper attempts to determine the main representational conventions that rule the iconographic... more This paper attempts to determine the main representational conventions that rule the iconographic system of Tiwanaku's lithosculpture, specifying the dffirent interuelation and combinationforms of its various components. On this basis, a stylistic sequence of its main sculptures is built, as a means to approach the politicalforms developed between the Altiplanic State and other cultural entities of South-Central Andes.
Preliminary research results in the oasis of Quillagua in Northern Chile show that this place was... more Preliminary research results in the oasis of Quillagua in Northern Chile show that this place was occupied by different cultural entities along the Formative Period. Mortuary pottery collections from Quillagua and the region of Valles Occidentales to the North and the sub ...
A partir del analisis tipologico y conductual de los restos ceramicos provenientes de un tramo me... more A partir del analisis tipologico y conductual de los restos ceramicos provenientes de un tramo meridional del Camino del Inka (rio Loa, Chile), se presenta una serie de conclusiones relativas a los distintos momentos de ocupacion, funcionalidad y tipo de asentamiento de los segmentos viales identificados en la region durante dos anos de estudio. Ello se plantea como un acercamiento al sistema vial incaico y su papel dentro de la expansion del Tawantinsuyo y la conquista de las poblaciones del desierto de Atacama.
La intencion de este trabajo constituye un ejercicio entre distintas disciplinas delas humanidade... more La intencion de este trabajo constituye un ejercicio entre distintas disciplinas delas humanidades y ciencias sociales por tensionar la nocion de patrimonio mediante los relatos de extincion y exterminio que se desenvuelven en torno a Magallanes. Este espacio ha implicado transitar por una diversidad de niveles discursivos y una multiplicidad de actores sociales en constante cambio, interaccion y confrontacion. De este modo, los procesos de “patrimonializacion” identificados ponen en contraste, y al compas, tanto las estabilidades y consensos, asi como las contradicciones y conflictos presentes en los diferentes relatos/representaciones, lo que nos permite reflexionar sobre los aciertos y paradojas culturales del Chile contemporaneo.ABSTRACTThis paper is a collaborative work between different disciplines from humanities and social sciences, in order to stress the notion of heritage by the stories about extinction and extermination managed at M.agallanes. This locus had entailed the ...
Este estudio petrográfico de 23 láminas delgadas de cerámica de estilo Inca Colonial, Etnográfica... more Este estudio petrográfico de 23 láminas delgadas de cerámica de estilo Inca Colonial, Etnográfica Colonial y Etnográfica Reciente de cinco pueblos de la Marka Isluga y uno de la Marka Cariquima permitió establecer la primera base de datos composicionales para esta parte del altiplano del norte de Chile. A pesar de presentar composiciones piroclásticas similares, muchas con pómez y trizas de vidrio, pequeñas variaciones permiten distinguir entre las cerámicas de estas dos Markas o pueblos ceremoniales aymaras, distantes unos 20 km. Sobre la base de la composición mineral y química, también parece posible poder determinarse el origen de los fragmentos y vasijas recolectados en el pueblo sagrado de Isluga, es decir, si provienen de los pueblos de la misma u otras Markas. Por otra parte, se nota que el tipo de composición piroclástica característico del altiplano de la región de Isluga no se observa en las cerámicas del valle de Tarapacá (costa, pampa y precordillera), distinguiéndose d...
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