Climate change can disrupt the hydrological system and jeopardize the security of water resource management. Several issues influence the hydrological system, such as groundwater overexploitation, water table depletion, crop diversity,... more
Climate change can disrupt the hydrological system and jeopardize the security of water resource management. Several issues influence the hydrological system, such as groundwater overexploitation, water table depletion, crop diversity, land-use patterns, and saltwater intrusion. The review considered over 400 related pieces of published literature to extract expressive information to understand the present scenarios of possible climate change impacts on water resources. The result showed that temperature rises and high-intensity rainfall events mobilize pollutants like nutrients and sediments into the freshwater, particularly the surface water. It also showed that water quality parameters like electrical conductivity, suspended solids, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, magnesium, calcium, water acidity, organic carbons, pathogens, and micropollutants are steadily rising with climate change, especially in worldwide inland water bodies. Instead, reducing water flows will enhance residence time in upland rivers and lakes, which creates conditions for harmful algal blooms that decrease saturated oxygen levels. The probable impacts of climate change on sustainable water management have received much attention, but there is relatively little understanding of the concurrent changes in both surface and groundwater chemistry. Along with planning and management aspects, the study findings will help inform measures to improve water quality, health risk assessment, remediation, and adaptation actions.
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Climate change can disrupt the hydrological system and jeopardize the security of water resource management. Several issues influence the hydrological system, such as groundwater overexploitation, water table depletion, crop diversity,... more
Climate change can disrupt the hydrological system and jeopardize the security of water resource management. Several issues influence the hydrological system, such as groundwater overexploitation, water table depletion, crop diversity, land-use patterns, and saltwater intrusion. The review considered over 400 related pieces of published literature to extract expressive information to understand the present scenarios of possible climate change impacts on water resources. The result showed that temperature rises and high-intensity rainfall events mobilize pollutants like nutrients and sediments into the freshwater, particularly the surface water. It also showed that water quality parameters like electrical conductivity, suspended solids, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, magnesium, calcium, water acidity, organic carbons, pathogens, and micropollutants are steadily rising with climate change, especially in worldwide inland water bodies. Instead, reducing water flows will enhance residence time in upland rivers and lakes, which creates conditions for harmful algal blooms that decrease saturated oxygen levels. The probable impacts of climate change on sustainable water management have received much attention, but there is relatively little understanding of the concurrent changes in both surface and groundwater chemistry. Along with planning and management aspects, the study findings will help inform measures to improve water quality, health risk assessment, remediation, and adaptation actions.
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Climate factors' consequence on human performance has occurred as a worldwide apprehension in the earlier 30 years. This study explores climate factors' influence on Aman rice production in Bangladesh. Co-integration and Vector Error... more
Climate factors' consequence on human performance has occurred as a worldwide apprehension in the earlier 30 years. This study explores climate factors' influence on Aman rice production in Bangladesh. Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model approximation procedure is applied to measure the climate-crop harvest interrelation on the basis of country-level time series data for the time 1972-2019. Changing in mean maximum and minimum temperature, annual men rainfall, and average humidity are used as characteristic variables for climate factors. The result of the vector error correction model denotes that both in the long-run and short-run, average maximum temperature and average total rainfall inversely affect Aman rice yield in Bangladesh respectively. Average minimum temperature and average humidity positively affect Aman rice production in the short run respectively. Fertilizers and irrigation have a positive influence on Aman rice yield in the short-run correspondingly. Conversely, labor has a robust negative consequence on Aman rice yield in the short-run in Bangladesh agriculture. Policymakers would develop policies to control temperature and introduce heat-tolerant rice varieties and adaptation measures to sustain Aman rice production in Bangladesh.
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Leather industrial effluent is restrained as one of the most ecologically uncomplimentary industrial processes. The study aims to review leather effluents in the industrial processes and their involvement in environmental contamination in... more
Leather industrial effluent is restrained as one of the most ecologically uncomplimentary industrial processes. The study aims to review leather effluents in the industrial processes and their involvement in environmental contamination in Bangladesh. The article was organized to compile all present data from different journals, books, reports, and web sources on tannery effluents characterization in the country. A wide variability of synthetic dyes, dyestuffs, and toxic chemicals is used in the leather and tannery industrial sector. The result revealed that some physicochemical water parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. and one heavy metal, Cr of the leather industrial effluents of the country exceeded their standard limits. The effluents and solid wastes are affecting the soil systems, agriculture, aquatic environment, and public health since the development of the leather industries in the country. Now a day, its proper management and curative measures like the removal system have become the furthermost considerate responsibilities of Bangladesh. It is imperious to take instantaneous steps to diminish environmental contamination owing to discharge the of untreated leather industrial effluents.
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Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature, decrease marine pH and rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC), causing extensive shifts in ocean water carbon chemistry with forecasts of long-term ecosystem impacts. This study aimed... more
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature, decrease marine pH and rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC), causing extensive shifts in ocean water carbon chemistry with forecasts of long-term ecosystem impacts. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and try to find out the actual chemistry, spatial variation at a global scale, future prediction of these natural and human-induced changes, and how this situation impacts the marine ecosystem and green economy. Literature proved that Antarctica and southern shallow polar ocean and any seaside area are particularly vulnerable to marine acidification and disturbed DOC cycle. Based on over a hundred investigations, the study observed that (a) marine acidification and DOC cycle are basically difficult-tounderstand phenomena, (b) these two realities are consistent with each other and with climate change, (c) the potency of these threats is very altitudinal, periodic, and stratified (d) the mood of global change stressors on these two facts in the future ocean is unpredictable. It was found that over the past half-century, the acidity of the surface ocean has even now increased by almost 30%, and by 2100 it will increase to 150. Such a major change in ocean chemistry will have and is already having widespread consequences for marine organisms.
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especially community health from untreated discharges of industrial effluents and build sustainable industrial wastewater management in Bangladesh.
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Maximum industry uses groundwater which is consumed for cooling, product treatment and cleaning, processing, boiler make-up, etc. To assess the industrial water quality, the groundwater samples were collected from premonsoon and... more
Maximum industry uses groundwater which is consumed for cooling, product treatment and cleaning, processing, boiler make-up, etc. To assess the industrial water quality, the groundwater samples were collected from premonsoon and post-monsoon periods and investigated some selected water parameters. The lower values of pH, Cl-, SO4 2-, CO3 2 , and NO3-; and the higher levels of total dissolved solids, water hardness, total alkalinity, Ca 2+ , HCO3-, copper, and iron were the dominant chemical characteristics in the study area. This water chemistry proved that the circulated and feed cooling water have a less corrosive tendency, but it produced scale in equipment. Approximately 100% of the samples were less suitable for the wood, food, paper, and sugar industries, and about 85% of the samples were unsuitable for the canned fruit and polymer industries. The storability and corrosion potential of water were assessed using several indexes based on analyzed water parameters. The results revealed that the bicarbonate regulating index values of the samples indicated a moderate to strong corrosive nature, whereas there was a less scale-forming tendency for boiler use. The study observed the need to continually monitor the corrosion potentiality in industrial systems and conduct laboratory analysis to maintain water quality standards including pH, alkalinity, Ca 2+ , and HCO3to control corrosion and scale generation.
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Recently, groundwater quality and quantity are drastically deteriorating in Bangladesh due to over-exploitation of water, excessive use of agrochemicals, urbanization, and vast industrialization [1]. Moreover, frequent changes in geogenic... more
Recently, groundwater quality and quantity are drastically deteriorating in Bangladesh due to over-exploitation of water, excessive use of agrochemicals, urbanization, and vast industrialization [1]. Moreover, frequent changes in geogenic processes and some anthropogenic causes deteriorated massively the groundwater quality concerning trace and heavy metal pollution in some parts of the country during the last 3-4 decades [2, 3]. Thus, the proper evaluation of sources and mobilization mechanisms of harmful trace metals such as
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Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature, decrease marine pH and rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC), causing extensive shifts in ocean water carbon chemistry with forecasts of long-term ecosystem impacts. This study aimed... more
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature, decrease marine pH and rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC), causing extensive shifts in ocean water carbon chemistry with forecasts of long-term ecosystem impacts. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and try to find out the actual chemistry, spatial variation at a global scale, future prediction of these natural and human-induced changes, and how this situation impacts the marine ecosystem and green economy. Literature proved that Antarctica and southern shallow polar ocean and any seaside area are particularly vulnerable to marine acidification and disturbed DOC cycle. Based on over a hundred investigations, the study observed that (a) marine acidification and DOC cycle are basically difficult-tounderstand phenomena, (b) these two realities are consistent with each other and with climate change, (c) the potency of these threats is very altitudinal, periodic, and stratified (d) the mood of global change stressors on these two facts in the future ocean is unpredictable. It was found that over the past half-century, the acidity of the surface ocean has even now increased by almost 30%, and by 2100 it will increase to 150. Such a major change in ocean chemistry will have and is already having widespread consequences for marine organisms.
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Collection of chemicals that can resist pests and diseases, pesticides are now an extensively used tool for pest and disease managing across agrarian countries like Bangladesh. In the country, pesticide use grew at an alarming rate of 10%... more
Collection of chemicals that can resist pests and diseases, pesticides are now an extensively used tool for pest and disease managing across agrarian countries like Bangladesh. In the country, pesticide use grew at an alarming rate of 10% per annum, while the corresponding response in production growth of main crops has been negligible (<1% y). Globally, 750% increase in pesticides production from 1955 to 2000 and 1 that period minimum 30 countries have highly contaminated by these hazardous substances. Bangladesh lies in the second position on the list of fast-growing pesticide-consuming countries in the world. The review paper focused on the present pesticide consumption rate in the country and entire world, their environmental fate and how much contaminate the natural water resources through the application of chemical pesticides. For this purpose, we reviewed over 50 related literatures to extract expressive info about the national wide water contamination by pesticides and presented methodically. Results show that among the Organophosphorus and Carbamate pesticides such as Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion, Parathion, Carbaryls, Carbofuran and Cypermethrin was identified in various surfaces and groundwater samples and maximum of those are above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value. The serious concern is that in many regions of Bangladesh, organochlorine insecticides such as Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Aldrin and Dieldrin was found in the range of 0.01 to 1.20 mg/L which are much higher than recognized level. To control the misapplication of pesticides and to reduce the possible environmental risk, appropriate regulatory systems of pests such as the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system and the use of bio-or herbal pesticides should be applied immediately in the country.
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This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of meta-analysis and risk assessment of the global pooled concentration of fluoride and identify the influencing factors of fluoride loads in groundwater. The study extracted data from 36... more
This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of meta-analysis and risk assessment of the global pooled concentration of fluoride and identify the influencing factors of fluoride loads in groundwater. The study extracted data from 36 most prevalent regions of 20 countries in the world through various search engines using keywords as well as Boolean operators and follows the PRISMA statement in every phase of literature searching. The study illustrated the pooled concentration of fluoride in the selected 20 countries was 2.1267 mg/L (1.650, 2.604) at 95% confidence interval, which was higher than the WHO standards limit of 1.5 mg/L. The results of the meta-analysis suggested that pH, Na, HCO 3 and rainfall was significantly positively correlated (r = ~0.4; p < 0.05) to fluoride and has a weak correction with the other parameters such as local temperature, altitude, water depth, EC, Ca, and Mg (r = −0.064 to +0.214; p ˂ 0.05). Concerning, the risk assessment through oral and dermal route exposure revealed that the consumers in most of the regions were at considerable risk, and the children were more vulnerable than the adults (THQ > 1). The study findings would help to take measures for safe water supply in the affected areas. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • The calculated pooled concentration of fluoride was 2.1267 mg/L (1.650, 2.604) at 95% CI in groundwater of the study areas. • Climatic conditions and lithological composition are the key controlling factors for groundwater fluoride contamination. • Semi-arid and arid regions are significantly affected by fluoride rather than humid areas. • Regarding fluorosis in selected regions, children (78%) are more vulnerable than adults (23%).
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Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation water, and it provides over 80% of the irrigated water supply in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the status of irrigation water of the Ganges river basin areas in the middle-west part of... more
Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation water, and it provides over 80% of the irrigated water supply in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the status of irrigation water of the Ganges river basin areas in the middle-west part of Bangladesh through the hydrogeochemical characterization and classi cation of groundwater. The study parameters were pH, EC, TDS, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , total hardness, Na + , K + , B, Cl − , HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and PO 4 3− along with irrigation water quality index (IWQ index), Na%, soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium bicarbonate, magnesium adsorption ratio, permeability index, and Kelley's ratio. The results showed that most of the water samples were acidic in the pre-monsoon and alkaline in the post-monsoon seasons, and the water type was Ca-HCO 3. The signi cant geochemical process in the area determined was calcite and dolomite mineral dissolution, and there was no active cation exchange, and silicate weathering occurred. The statistical analyses showed that both the geogenic and anthropogenic sources were controlling the chemistry of the groundwater aquifers. Concerning irrigation water quality, the results revealed that all the quality parameters and IWQ index (32.04 to 45.39) were within the safety ranges, except for the EC and total hardness. The study results would be useful for future groundwater monitoring and management of the Ganges basin areas of Bangladesh part.
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As technology continues to develop, the level of trace metals present in potable groundwater is still not within the standard guidelines as set by the monitoring authorities. The overall objective of this study was to assess the degree of... more
As technology continues to develop, the level of trace metals present in potable groundwater is still not within the standard guidelines as set by the monitoring authorities. The overall objective of this study was to assess the degree of metal pollution and human health risk for the exposure of trace metals through drinking raw groundwater. A total of 40 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for some trace metals by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study evaluated the degree of trace metal contamination with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks through computed well-recognized methods. The metal pollution index illustrated that about 75% of the samples fell under a category of a high degree of contamination. The results showed that the carcinogenic risk values of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were found to be 1.51E-06 to 1.07E-04, which were within the acceptable range of 1.0E-06-1.0E-04. The non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) of the adult group exceeded the limit (HQ >1) for the metals of Mn and Co. But the quotient value was found higher for metals total Mn, Co, Pb, Cd and Cu in the child group. The values of the total non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) in 90% total of sampling sites for the adult group were below 1, but, for the child group, the value was found higher than 1 with an average value of 4.25. Among the analyzed trace metals, the concentration of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni in 50-100% of water samples crossed the global and national guideline limit. The study observed that the total hazard index value for the child was nearly 5-fold higher than the adult group. Hence, the child group posed a serious health risk than the adult group.
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This study considered three different water quality indices (WQIs) for groundwater data collected from the middle-west part of Bangladesh, and the quantitative results were justified with the globally accepted water quality guidelines. It... more
This study considered three different water quality indices (WQIs) for groundwater data collected from the middle-west part of Bangladesh, and the quantitative results were justified with the globally accepted water quality guidelines. It compared the results between the Canadian WQI with the Weighted Average WQI, and the Canadian WQI and Mierels WQI for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. The results revealed that the Canadian method categorized water as 'fair' quality while the Weighted WQI model results showed 'unsuitable' for drinking usage. Besides, the Meireles method showed that the water quality is classified as 'good' to 'excellent', while the categorization of the groundwater using the Canadian method was 'fair' to 'good' for the suitability of irrigation. The comparison results of the Canadian method with the Weighted Average technique for drinking, the latter one gave the abnormal results; and pair difference statistics showed the significant negative correlation (r¼À0.91) between them. Similarly, the analysis for the two methods (Canadian and Mierels) for irrigation use exhibited that there was no statistical variance between the two techniques at a significant correlation matrix (r¼þ0.71). The study concluded that the Canadian WQI for drinking and Mierels WQI for irrigation would deliver better results.
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As technology continues to develop, the level of trace metals present in potable groundwater is still not within the standard guidelines as set by the monitoring authorities. The overall objective of this study was to assess the degree of... more
As technology continues to develop, the level of trace metals present in potable groundwater is still not within the standard guidelines as set by the monitoring authorities. The overall objective of this study was to assess the degree of metal pollution and human health risk for the exposure of trace metals through drinking raw groundwater. A total of 40 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for some trace metals by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study evaluated the degree of trace metal contamination with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks through computed well-recognized methods. The metal pollution index illustrated that about 75% of the samples fell under a category of a high degree of contamination. The results showed that the carcinogenic risk values of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were found to be 1.51E-06 to 1.07E-04, which were within the acceptable range of 1.0E-06-1.0E-04. The non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) of the adult group exceeded the limit (HQ >1) for the metals of Mn and Co. But the quotient value was found higher for metals total Mn, Co, Pb, Cd and Cu in the child group. The values of the total non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) in 90% total of sampling sites for the adult group were below 1, but, for the child group, the value was found higher than 1 with an average value of 4.25. Among the analyzed trace metals, the concentration of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni in 50-100% of water samples crossed the global and national guideline limit. The study observed that the total hazard index value for the child was nearly 5-fold higher than the adult group. Hence, the child group posed a serious health risk than the adult group.
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Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation water, and it provides over 80% of the irrigated water supply in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the status of irrigation water of the Ganges river basin areas in the middle-west part of... more
Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation water, and it provides over 80% of the irrigated water supply in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the status of irrigation water of the Ganges river basin areas in the middle-west part of Bangladesh through the hydrogeochemical characterization and classi cation of groundwater. The study parameters were pH, EC, TDS, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , total hardness, Na + , K + , B, Cl − , HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and PO 4 3− along with irrigation water quality index (IWQ index), Na%, soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium bicarbonate, magnesium adsorption ratio, permeability index, and Kelley's ratio. The results showed that most of the water samples were acidic in the pre-monsoon and alkaline in the post-monsoon seasons, and the water type was Ca-HCO 3. The signi cant geochemical process in the area determined was calcite and dolomite mineral dissolution, and there was no active cation exchange, and silicate weathering occurred. The statistical analyses showed that both the geogenic and anthropogenic sources were controlling the chemistry of the groundwater aquifers. Concerning irrigation water quality, the results revealed that all the quality parameters and IWQ index (32.04 to 45.39) were within the safety ranges, except for the EC and total hardness. The study results would be useful for future groundwater monitoring and management of the Ganges basin areas of Bangladesh part.
Research Interests:
Collection of chemicals that can resist pests and diseases, pesticides are now an extensively used tool for pest and disease managing across agrarian countries like Bangladesh. In the country, pesticide use grew at an alarming rate of 10%... more
Collection of chemicals that can resist pests and diseases, pesticides are now an extensively used tool for pest and disease managing across agrarian countries like Bangladesh. In the country, pesticide use grew at an alarming rate of 10% per annum, while the corresponding response in production growth of main crops has been negligible (<1% y). Globally, 750% increase in pesticides production from 1955 to 2000 and 1 that period minimum 30 countries have highly contaminated by these hazardous substances. Bangladesh lies in the second position on the list of fast-growing pesticide-consuming countries in the world. The review paper focused on the present pesticide consumption rate in the country and entire world, their environmental fate and how much contaminate the natural water resources through the application of chemical pesticides. For this purpose, we reviewed over 50 related literatures to extract expressive info about the national wide water contamination by pesticides and presented methodically. Results show that among the Organophosphorus and Carbamate pesticides such as Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion, Parathion, Carbaryls, Carbofuran and Cypermethrin was identified in various surfaces and groundwater samples and maximum of those are above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value. The serious concern is that in many regions of Bangladesh, organochlorine insecticides such as Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Aldrin and Dieldrin was found in the range of 0.01 to 1.20 mg/L which are much higher than recognized level. To control the misapplication of pesticides and to reduce the possible environmental risk, appropriate regulatory systems of pests such as the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system and the use of bio-or herbal pesticides should be applied immediately in the country.
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Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation and domestic purposes in Bangladesh, and hence, it must satisfy the water quality guidelines. The study has selected eleven (11) Districts of Bangladesh and collect secondary data regarding the... more
Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation and domestic purposes in Bangladesh, and hence, it must satisfy the water quality guidelines. The study has selected eleven (11) Districts of Bangladesh and collect secondary data regarding the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Several irrigation water indices, such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), and irrigation water quality (IWQ) index are applied to evaluate irrigation water quality. According to IWQindex, the results showed 25.5% of water samples fell in highly suitability water type, whereas 33.5% exhibited low suitability type, and the remaining 41% were showed medium suitability for irrigation purposes. The values of SAR, SSP, RSBC, and MAR indices showed that about 31-64% of water samples were very good, whereas 5-20% were very poor for the same purpose. The results of TDS, EC, and total hardness showed good results as 88-93% of water samples fell in fair to excellent quality. The salinity hazard was found in the groundwater of coastal areas and completely unfit for irrigation. The study findings would help for improving the management of the groundwater resources for agricultural purposes in Bangladesh.
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There are many irrigation water quality indices used to assess water suitability, despite having limitations. It is therefore imperative to develop a water quality index to evaluate irrigation water more accurately. This study highlights... more
There are many irrigation water quality indices used to assess water suitability, despite having limitations. It is therefore imperative to develop a water quality index to evaluate irrigation water more accurately. This study highlights an Integrated Irrigation Water Quality Index (IIWQ Index) using the sub-index and aggregated equations. This proposed index model was improved and updated across four characteristics: the verified desirable and permissible value of parameters, maximum hazard class, and modified rating system of diversified parameters. The proposed IIWQ Index model classified irrigation water into five categories: rejection, poor, moderate, good, and excellent. This model assessed two types of water to justify the model by categorizing the irrigation waters. The calculated results showed that the index values were 75.77 and 36.51, and the water category was 'good' and 'rejected' for the calcite (Ca-HCO 3) and sodic (Na-Cl) water, respectively. This index model also satisfactorily evaluated different types of water datasets of eight geographic locations in the world. The study illustrated that the IIWQ Index evaluated values and water categories were rational and comprehensive at predicting the suitability of irrigation water.
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Alkalinity and hardness often used exchangeable when discussing water quality. These collective properties of water share some resemblances but are distinctly different but both has high mineral content. Generally, the water shows... more
Alkalinity and hardness often used exchangeable when discussing water quality. These collective properties of water share some resemblances but are distinctly different but both has high mineral content. Generally, the water shows alkalinity due to the presence of weak acid and strong base resulting salt, typically as the form of bicarbonate salt and it can create some serious problems in water body. Hard drinking water, carry excess of Ca and Mg salt, may have moderate health benefits but can pose critical problems in domestic and industrial settings. Thus, it is important to assess the water quality with respect to hardness and alkalinity. The objectives of this study to provide an overview of alkalinity and hardness, an understanding of the importance of alkalinity and hardness from ecological perspectives and management, a summary of methods for measuring each, and the current state regulations for each in public waters of Chittagong city. The results obtained for pH, conductivity and alkaline ionic compositions from different surface and ground water samples of Chittagong city presented here with critical observations. For investigations, some related anions and metals examined by UVvisible spectrophotometer and FAAS utilizing Na-tetraborate after the preconcentration on a column packed with Amberlite XAD-16 resin. The results show that some parameters such as salinity, total alkalinity and hardness; Na + , Ca 2+ , Cl-, and HCO3-loaded in both surface and ground water is quite high than slandered value; other parameters like NO3-, NO2-, SO4 2-, PO4 3-, K + , NH4 + , and Mg 2+ levels are in permissible range. Overall, it may state that the water of studied areas is very hard, saline as well as alkaline and suggesting that water should not uses for household, irrigation, and industrial purposes without proper treatment.
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Bangladesh is a densely populated and developing country that faced severe water contamination, crisis, and security. About 100% of the population has access to the availability of freshwater, but the purity of water is always concerned.... more
Bangladesh is a densely populated and developing country that faced severe water contamination, crisis, and security. About 100% of the population has access to the availability of freshwater, but the purity of water is always concerned. The groundwater of Bangladesh is under increasing threat from over-exploitation, population growth, rapid urbanization, and pollution from industries, domestic and agricultural sources. For the assessment of heavy and toxic metal contamination in shallow groundwater, the study collected 40 water samples from different stations in the middle-west part of Bangladesh. The results showed that three metals ion, viz. iron, manganese, and lead exceeded the concentration limit of WHO (2011) in most of the water samples indicating severe human health hazard. The single-factor pollution index (Ii) and compound pollution index (CPI) value of these three (3) metals were very high, i.e., much greater than 1. The other metal concentrations were found within the safe permissible ranges. The values of heavy metal pollution indices, viz. heavy metal pollution index (HMPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HMEI), degree of contamination (Cd), Nemerow Index (NeI), and ecological risk measurement (ERI) showed that most of the water samples were found medium to high levels of contamination in the study area. The analysis results revealed that an average of 32.6%, 15.6%, and 51.8% of the water samples was found low, medium, and high risk from heavy metal, respectively. There were 20 samples found highly contaminated with heavy metals out of 40 samples. The study results revealed that both the geogenic and anthropologic activities influenced the groundwater system of the area. It suggested that the groundwater quality should go under a continuous monitoring process for sustainable water quality management in the area. The study findings could help with further planning of potential future remediation measures for policymakers.
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Bangladesh is a densely populated and developing country facing severe water pollution, crisis and security. Even though all population has access to freshwater, water is often contaminated as a result of over-exploitation, rapid... more
Bangladesh is a densely populated and developing country facing severe water pollution, crisis and security. Even though all population has access to freshwater, water is often contaminated as a result of over-exploitation, rapid urbaniza-7 tion, and pollution from industries, domestic and agricultural sources. Here, we review groundwater status and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. We present the status of groundwater aquifers, water quality, and sources of contamination. Groundwater is contaminated by elevated levels of dissolved Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, and Pb in some areas. Arsenic is found in shallow aquifers at high levels throughout the country, and millions of consumers are suffering from severe and chronic poisoning from arsenic-enriched water. Moreover, groundwater is also contaminated by pathogens and agrochemicals. Additionally, in coastal areas, sea-level rise and increasing soil salinity makes groundwater unsuitable for drinking and irrigation.
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The petroleum refining industry plays a significant role in the national economic activities of Bangladesh. Though, potential environmental hazards related to petroleum and petrochemical factories have caused increased concern for peoples... more
The petroleum refining industry plays a significant role in the national economic activities of Bangladesh. Though, potential environmental hazards related to petroleum and petrochemical factories have caused increased concern for peoples near them. This apprises provides a general impression of the processes involved and some possible environmental contamination associated with petroleum industries. Petroleum refineries separate crude oils into different petroleum materials through a sequence of physical and chemical separation methods. The refining industry provided numerous widely used products as well as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, motor oil, asphalt, waxes, and petroleum gel. But refineries are usually considered a key source of contaminants in areas where they are located and contaminate the air, soil, water system. Pollutant releases from the petroleum refineries occur in every stage of the oil-producing procedure from the extraction to the consumption chain. Now a day, due to vast environmental contamination it is crucially needed to find out of alternative cleaner energy sources rather than liquid petroleum. Bangladesh, a highly populated country and have no sufficient ability to tackle any natural and anthropogenic pollution. So, the environmental impact of petroleum refinery emission in Bangladesh is a serious concern to the government and environmentalists.
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Arsenic contamination of alluvial aquifers of the Bengal delta plain causes a serious threat to human health for over 75 million people. The study aimed to explore the impacts of chemical fertilizer on arsenic mobilization in the... more
Arsenic contamination of alluvial aquifers of the Bengal delta plain causes a serious threat to human health for over 75 million people. The study aimed to explore the impacts of chemical fertilizer on arsenic mobilization in the sedimentary deposition of the alluvial Bengal delta plain. It selected ten comparatively highly affected districts and the least affected two divisions as a referral study site. The countrywide pooled concentration of arsenic in groundwater was 109.75 μg/L (52.59, 166.91) at a 95% confidence interval, which was double the national guideline value (50 μg/L). The analysis results showed a strong positive correlation (r ! 0.5) of arsenic with NO 3 , NH 4 , PO 4 , SO 4 , Ca, and K, where a portion of those species originated from fertilizer leaching into groundwater. The results showed that PO 4 played a significant role in arsenic mobilization, but the role of NO 3 , SO 4 , and NH 4 was not clear at certain lithological conditions. It also showed that clay, peat, silt-clay, and rich microbial community with sufficiently organic carbon loaded soils could lead to an increase in arsenic mobilization. Finally, the study observed that the overall lithological conditions are the main reason for the high arsenic load in the study area.
Research Interests:
Overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and radical changes of river morphology in the Bengal basin has posed difficulties to sustainable management of this resource. Forty groundwater samples were collected from tube wells of the... more
Overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and radical changes of river morphology in the Bengal basin has posed difficulties to sustainable management of this resource. Forty groundwater samples were collected from tube wells of the pre-monsoon and postmonsoon seasons in 2020, and the water parameters were analyzed. The hydrogeochemical studies, bivariate plots, and multivariate techniques were used to evaluate the rock-water interactions, influencing factors, and contamination pathways. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract several directions in the data space and understand the different geochemical processes. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis coupled with the post hoc ANOVA test of variance was also used to divide the sampling sites based on the geochemical water facies. The PHREEQC-3v software was used to measure the partial pressure of CO 2 in groundwater and elucidate the chemical reactions controlling the water chemistry. Near-neutral pH (7.4) and high EC (813.2 μS/cm), TDS (507.35 mg/L), and total hardness (383.45 mg/L) characterize the groundwaters of the study area. The research revealed that the order of abundance of cations was Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >Na + >K + and of anions was HCO 3 − >>Cl->SO 4 2− >NO 3->PO 4 3-. The PCA revealed that the chemical properties of the groundwater are derived from rockwater interactions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that two distinct groundwater zones were affected by neighboring river flow and irrigation return flow. Several diagrams suggested that the water was mainly of Ca-HCO 3 type originating from chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals with advanced water-rock interaction. The analyzed groundwater was supersaturated with calcite and partially saturated with dolomite. As a result, the chemical features of groundwater in the study area were largely dependent on the water-rock interaction, local lithological conditions, and neighboring river morphology. This study can be helpful for the improvement of water resource management, especially for drinking and irrigation purposes.
Research Interests:
Evaluates the geochemical processes of groundwater
Informs policy decision-making for the sustainable management of groundwater
Analyzes water quality variables to determine the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation
Informs policy decision-making for the sustainable management of groundwater
Analyzes water quality variables to determine the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation