The findings of a major in-depth study of Community trademarks and Benelux trademarks reveals a s... more The findings of a major in-depth study of Community trademarks and Benelux trademarks reveals a strong link between trademarks and innovation, with trademarks forming part of a well-trodden path to bringing new products and services to market.
Current debates on the social returns of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) systems deal with the ... more Current debates on the social returns of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) systems deal with the presumed negative effects of two practices: IPR bundling and the strong concentration of IPRs in certain firms and industries. These debates are hampered by the lack of empirical evidence on IPR application practices. This study presents unique and comprehensive data about firm-level IPR application practices in the Netherlands. We develop a taxonomy based on the firm-level variety and intensity of IPR applications. We identify five archetypes of IPR applicants: patent rookies, trademark rookies, IPR strategists, IPR specialists and IPR generalists. Our findings show that a few large firms in high-tech industries combine high IPR application variety and high IPR application intensity. However, high variety is also associated with low intensity and low variety with high intensity. For a large majority of the firms, IPR application is equivalent to single trademark application or the ad ho...
This paper extends the emerging literature on the value of trademarks for innovation studies and ... more This paper extends the emerging literature on the value of trademarks for innovation studies and policy-making with the first empirical study at the trademark level. It gives a view on how companies use trademarks and interpret trademark activities. A sample of 660 new Benelux trademarks registered by small- and medium-sized enterprises reveals that 60 per cent of recently registered Benelux trademarks refer to innovation activity, predominantly to product or service innovation. The reference to innovation co-varies with various applicant and trademark characteristics unknown from previous studies. Finally, the sample reveals that most of the trademarks used to signal innovative offers are filed close to its market introduction without combining them with other intellectual property rights. This holds especially for trademarks related to service innovation
The use of trademark data in innovation studies is in its infancy. Patent statistics and R&D ... more The use of trademark data in innovation studies is in its infancy. Patent statistics and R&D expenses are still preferred as innovation indicators, while the results of the first empirical studies into trademarks are promising. However, since there is no one-to-one relationship between new trademarks and innovation, the use of raw trademark counts has important drawbacks, in particular in firm-level studies. Therefore, in this paper we exploit data recorded in trademark databases and matched data collected with the TIS survey to study the reference of novel Benelux and Community trademarks to product and service innovation. We also take the level of newness of the innovations into account. Overall we conclude that the value of trademark data for studying innovation increases when they are combined with data from other sources. This is particularly true when trademarks are used to study radical versus incremental innovation.
Identifying Neo-Schumpeterian Innovation in Service Firms: A Conceptual Essay with a Novel Classi... more Identifying Neo-Schumpeterian Innovation in Service Firms: A Conceptual Essay with a Novel Classification. ... Recent papers suggest both distinctive features of innovation in services and distinctive types of service innovation. ...
The findings of a major in-depth study of Community trademarks and Benelux trademarks reveals a s... more The findings of a major in-depth study of Community trademarks and Benelux trademarks reveals a strong link between trademarks and innovation, with trademarks forming part of a well-trodden path to bringing new products and services to market.
Current debates on the social returns of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) systems deal with the ... more Current debates on the social returns of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) systems deal with the presumed negative effects of two practices: IPR bundling and the strong concentration of IPRs in certain firms and industries. These debates are hampered by the lack of empirical evidence on IPR application practices. This study presents unique and comprehensive data about firm-level IPR application practices in the Netherlands. We develop a taxonomy based on the firm-level variety and intensity of IPR applications. We identify five archetypes of IPR applicants: patent rookies, trademark rookies, IPR strategists, IPR specialists and IPR generalists. Our findings show that a few large firms in high-tech industries combine high IPR application variety and high IPR application intensity. However, high variety is also associated with low intensity and low variety with high intensity. For a large majority of the firms, IPR application is equivalent to single trademark application or the ad ho...
This paper extends the emerging literature on the value of trademarks for innovation studies and ... more This paper extends the emerging literature on the value of trademarks for innovation studies and policy-making with the first empirical study at the trademark level. It gives a view on how companies use trademarks and interpret trademark activities. A sample of 660 new Benelux trademarks registered by small- and medium-sized enterprises reveals that 60 per cent of recently registered Benelux trademarks refer to innovation activity, predominantly to product or service innovation. The reference to innovation co-varies with various applicant and trademark characteristics unknown from previous studies. Finally, the sample reveals that most of the trademarks used to signal innovative offers are filed close to its market introduction without combining them with other intellectual property rights. This holds especially for trademarks related to service innovation
The use of trademark data in innovation studies is in its infancy. Patent statistics and R&D ... more The use of trademark data in innovation studies is in its infancy. Patent statistics and R&D expenses are still preferred as innovation indicators, while the results of the first empirical studies into trademarks are promising. However, since there is no one-to-one relationship between new trademarks and innovation, the use of raw trademark counts has important drawbacks, in particular in firm-level studies. Therefore, in this paper we exploit data recorded in trademark databases and matched data collected with the TIS survey to study the reference of novel Benelux and Community trademarks to product and service innovation. We also take the level of newness of the innovations into account. Overall we conclude that the value of trademark data for studying innovation increases when they are combined with data from other sources. This is particularly true when trademarks are used to study radical versus incremental innovation.
Identifying Neo-Schumpeterian Innovation in Service Firms: A Conceptual Essay with a Novel Classi... more Identifying Neo-Schumpeterian Innovation in Service Firms: A Conceptual Essay with a Novel Classification. ... Recent papers suggest both distinctive features of innovation in services and distinctive types of service innovation. ...
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