Decrements in taste-aversion learning produced by extensions of the interval between the CS flavo... more Decrements in taste-aversion learning produced by extensions of the interval between the CS flavor and poisoning (the US) may be attributed to decay of the CS trace during long CS-US intervals. Kalat and Rozin (1973) alternatively proposed that such decrements occur because during extended CS-US intervals subjects learn that the CS is safe. They sought to show that trace decay is not responsible for the CS-US delay gradient by demonstrating that learning is disrupted even if the CS is reintroduced during extended CS-US intervals. The present experiments show that such a second CS presentation during conditioning may (1) enhance subsequent intakes of the CS solution whether or not subjects are poisoned, and/or (2) facilitate aversion learning, the facilitation being greater the closer the second CS exposure is to poisoning. These results question the adequacy of previous evidence for the contribution of learned safety to the CS-US delay gradient and suggest that some other process is also involved.
If flavor familiarization interferes with subsequent taste-aversion learning in part because the ... more If flavor familiarization interferes with subsequent taste-aversion learning in part because the flavor acquires secondary reinforcing properties by association with thirst reduction during preexposure, subjects preexposed while severely water deprived should subsequently ...
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1980
Five-day-old rats that received a single pairing of a novel saccharin flavor with lithium treatme... more Five-day-old rats that received a single pairing of a novel saccharin flavor with lithium treatment learned to suppress ingestion of saccharin on subsequent occasions (Experiment 1). This flavor aversion learning was inversely related to the interval between the novel flavor experience and drug administraton, wit h significant aversions being learned with intervals of 0 and 30 min but not with intervals of 60 and 90 min (experiment 2). The conditioning was observed when hypertonic lithium served as the unconditioned stimulus but did not occur with isotonic lithium or hypertonic saline injections (Experiment 3). These results indicate that flavor aversion learning in infant rats is a result of the joint action of two factors--pure drug effects and the somatic pain and irritation produced by the tonicity of the injected agent. The taste aversion learning was specific to the drug-paired flavor, and evidence was presented suggesting that 5-day-old rats display a natural hesitancy to consume novel edibles (neophobia) (Experiment 4). Experiment 5 demonstrated that 5-day-old rats selectively associate tactile stimuli with shock but not with the gastrointestinal consequences of lithium. Implications of the mechanisms involved in flavor aversion learning in infant rats are discussed as they relate to adaptation and food selection in adult animals.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1973
MICHAEL DOMJAN2 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Rats evidenced aversions to an odo... more MICHAEL DOMJAN2 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Rats evidenced aversions to an odor paired with toxicosis in both drinking and exploratory behavior tests. Ingestion during odor-toxicosis conditioning resulted in stronger aversions only in tests involving drinking ...
In Experiment 1, the role of novelty in the aversion response to increasingly concentrated flavor... more In Experiment 1, the role of novelty in the aversion response to increasingly concentrated flavored solutions was determined by repeatedly testing independent groups with 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% saccharin. Initially, intakes quickly declined with increasing saccharin concentrations. However, animals drank more as they gained familiarity with the saccharin flavors, and their aversion to the more concentrated solutions became considerably attenuated. In Experiment 2, each animal was tested with 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% saccharin in an irregular order following training with one of the saccharin solutions. Animals extensively familiarized with the high saccharin concentrations prior to the test sessions showed much less aversion to these solutions than animals for which the high saccharin concentrations were novel. These results demonstrate that the aversion response to increasingly concentrated flavored solutions is in part a function of the relative novelty of the flavors, and suggest that adequate control of relative novelty is necessary in studies of other variables regulating intake.
Decrements in taste-aversion learning produced by extensions of the interval between the CS flavo... more Decrements in taste-aversion learning produced by extensions of the interval between the CS flavor and poisoning (the US) may be attributed to decay of the CS trace during long CS-US intervals. Kalat and Rozin (1973) alternatively proposed that such decrements occur because during extended CS-US intervals subjects learn that the CS is safe. They sought to show that trace decay is not responsible for the CS-US delay gradient by demonstrating that learning is disrupted even if the CS is reintroduced during extended CS-US intervals. The present experiments show that such a second CS presentation during conditioning may (1) enhance subsequent intakes of the CS solution whether or not subjects are poisoned, and/or (2) facilitate aversion learning, the facilitation being greater the closer the second CS exposure is to poisoning. These results question the adequacy of previous evidence for the contribution of learned safety to the CS-US delay gradient and suggest that some other process is also involved.
If flavor familiarization interferes with subsequent taste-aversion learning in part because the ... more If flavor familiarization interferes with subsequent taste-aversion learning in part because the flavor acquires secondary reinforcing properties by association with thirst reduction during preexposure, subjects preexposed while severely water deprived should subsequently ...
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1980
Five-day-old rats that received a single pairing of a novel saccharin flavor with lithium treatme... more Five-day-old rats that received a single pairing of a novel saccharin flavor with lithium treatment learned to suppress ingestion of saccharin on subsequent occasions (Experiment 1). This flavor aversion learning was inversely related to the interval between the novel flavor experience and drug administraton, wit h significant aversions being learned with intervals of 0 and 30 min but not with intervals of 60 and 90 min (experiment 2). The conditioning was observed when hypertonic lithium served as the unconditioned stimulus but did not occur with isotonic lithium or hypertonic saline injections (Experiment 3). These results indicate that flavor aversion learning in infant rats is a result of the joint action of two factors--pure drug effects and the somatic pain and irritation produced by the tonicity of the injected agent. The taste aversion learning was specific to the drug-paired flavor, and evidence was presented suggesting that 5-day-old rats display a natural hesitancy to consume novel edibles (neophobia) (Experiment 4). Experiment 5 demonstrated that 5-day-old rats selectively associate tactile stimuli with shock but not with the gastrointestinal consequences of lithium. Implications of the mechanisms involved in flavor aversion learning in infant rats are discussed as they relate to adaptation and food selection in adult animals.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1973
MICHAEL DOMJAN2 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Rats evidenced aversions to an odo... more MICHAEL DOMJAN2 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Rats evidenced aversions to an odor paired with toxicosis in both drinking and exploratory behavior tests. Ingestion during odor-toxicosis conditioning resulted in stronger aversions only in tests involving drinking ...
In Experiment 1, the role of novelty in the aversion response to increasingly concentrated flavor... more In Experiment 1, the role of novelty in the aversion response to increasingly concentrated flavored solutions was determined by repeatedly testing independent groups with 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% saccharin. Initially, intakes quickly declined with increasing saccharin concentrations. However, animals drank more as they gained familiarity with the saccharin flavors, and their aversion to the more concentrated solutions became considerably attenuated. In Experiment 2, each animal was tested with 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% saccharin in an irregular order following training with one of the saccharin solutions. Animals extensively familiarized with the high saccharin concentrations prior to the test sessions showed much less aversion to these solutions than animals for which the high saccharin concentrations were novel. These results demonstrate that the aversion response to increasingly concentrated flavored solutions is in part a function of the relative novelty of the flavors, and suggest that adequate control of relative novelty is necessary in studies of other variables regulating intake.
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