Journal Articles by Michael Jerrett
Health and Place, 2014
While literature describes the influence of parks on physical activity, and identifies factors co... more While literature describes the influence of parks on physical activity, and identifies factors contributing to park utilization, little work has been done researching the availability of recreation resources within parks. In this study, an audit of recreation programs with moderate or higher levels of physical activity in Los Angeles area cities was conducted using the internet, telephone, and survey methods. Overall, findings suggest that the capacity of recreational courses to promote energy expenditure may depend on targeted age groups, age of the city’s population, and municipal fiscal capacity.
Papers by Michael Jerrett
Environ Health Perspect, 2004
ABSTRACT Methods are needed to better address the environment that people experience in their com... more ABSTRACT Methods are needed to better address the environment that people experience in their communities. Predominant approaches focus on assessing and managing contaminants one at a time. However, significant inequalities result from the combined burden from multiple sources of contaminants in some communities. The term cumulative impacts refers to consideration of the combinations of multiple contaminants. It also refers to consideration of susceptibility and vulnerability of populations and the interaction of environmental factors with other health determinants. In its focus on reducing inequalities and in its integration of social determinants of health with environmental determinants of health, this framing of cumulative impacts promotes social justice. The impetus for taking action to reduce cumulative impacts has come from the environmental justice movement and is just beginning to receive attention in the science policy sector. This presentation describes the lines of scientific evidence supporting the need to address cumulative impacts; describes key elements of screening, community-initiated, and context-driven assessments; and discusses opportunities to address cumulative impacts in decisions that involve allocation of resources as well as in permitting and regulatory approaches, pointing out key challenges raised by the framing of cumulative impacts to the currently predominant paradigm for environmental health. The presentation concludes with a summary of lessons leaned in a recent project to develop such approaches in the State of California.
Journal of Physical Activity Health, Jul 1, 2009
Environment international, Jan 15, 2016
Research indicates that multiple outdoor air pollutants and adverse neighborhood conditions are s... more Research indicates that multiple outdoor air pollutants and adverse neighborhood conditions are spatially correlated. Yet health risks associated with concurrent exposure to air pollution mixtures and clustered neighborhood factors remain underexplored. Statistical models to assess the health effects from pollutant mixtures remain limited, due to problems of collinearity between pollutants and area-level covariates, and increases in covariate dimensionality. Here we identify pollutant exposure profiles and neighborhood contextual profiles within Los Angeles (LA) County. We then relate these profiles with term low birth weight (TLBW). We used land use regression to estimate NO2, NO, and PM2.5 concentrations averaged over census block groups to generate pollutant exposure profile clusters and census block group-level contextual profile clusters, using a Bayesian profile regression method. Pollutant profile cluster risk estimation was implemented using a multilevel hierarchical model, ...
Atmospheric Environment, Apr 1, 2007
... MA, Kanaroglou, P., Beckerman, B., Crouse, D., Gilbert, NL, Brook. JR Finkelstein N, Finkelst... more ... MA, Kanaroglou, P., Beckerman, B., Crouse, D., Gilbert, NL, Brook. JR Finkelstein N, Finkelstein M., 2007. ... 487–495. Rodes and Holland, 1981 CE Rodes and DM Holland, Variations of NO, NO 2 and O 3 concentrations downwind of a Los Angeles freeway. ...
ABSTRACT Background: Urban trails provide opportunities for physical activity. Trail use may infl... more ABSTRACT Background: Urban trails provide opportunities for physical activity. Trail use may influence levels of physical activity but this influence may be modified by features of the built environment. This study examined whether self-reported urban trail use was associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) after the influence of the built environment was controlled. Methods: Adults (N = 490) living within a 1-mile buffer zone of one of three urban trails (Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles) completed a self-report measure of trail use and wore an accelerometer for 7-days providing objective physical activity data. GIS indicators of the built environment (e.g., connectivity) and characteristics of residents (e.g., income) surrounding each trail were compiled. Perceptions of the built environment and intrinsic motivation were also tested. Results: Regression procedures indicated that greater trail use (Yes/No) was significantly associated with higher levels of MVPA (p<.004) controlling for population density, city, built environment and intrinsic motivation. The presence of pedestrian walkways (p<.002), higher connectivity (p<.03), more feet of bus lines (p<.02), and higher intrinsic motivation (p<.0001) were associated with higher MVPA. Interactions between environmental variables and trail use were explored with the percentage of people having no vehicle interacting with trail use (p<.06). Conclusions: MVPA may be increased by trail use and beyond the influence of motivation and other built environmental factors. The promotion of trail use may be warranted as a strategy to increase levels of MVPA.
Circulation, Nov 20, 2012
Environ Health Perspect, 2009
The aim of this article is to review progress toward integration of toxicological and epidemiolog... more The aim of this article is to review progress toward integration of toxicological and epidemiological research results concerning the role of specific physicochemical properties, and associated sources, in the adverse impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on public health. Contemporary knowledge about atmospheric aerosols indicates their complex and variable nature. This knowledge has influenced toxicological assessments, pointing to several possible properties of concern, including particle size and specific inorganic and organic chemical constituents. However, results from controlled exposure laboratory studies are difficult to relate to actual community health results because of ambiguities in simulated PM mixtures, inconsistent concentration measurements, and the wide range of different biological endpoints. The use of concentrated ambient particulates (CAPs) coupled with factor analysis has provided an improved understanding of biological effects from more realistic laboratory-based exposure studies. Epidemiological studies have provided information concerning sources of potentially toxic particles or components, adding insight into the significance of exposure to secondary particles, such as sulfate, compared with primary emissions, such as elemental and organic carbon from transportation sources. Recent epidemiological approaches incorporate experimental designs that take advantage of broadened speciation monitoring, multiple monitoring stations, source proximity designs, and emission intervention. However, there continue to be major gaps in knowledge about the relative toxicity of particles from various sources, and the relationship between toxicity and particle physicochemical properties. Advancing knowledge could be facilitated with cooperative toxicological and epidemiological study designs, with the support of findings from atmospheric chemistry.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dec 14, 2012
Several studies have linked long-term exposure to particulate air pollution with increased cardio... more Several studies have linked long-term exposure to particulate air pollution with increased cardiopulmonary mortality; only two have also examined incident circulatory disease. To examine associations of individualized long-term exposures to particulate and gaseous air pollution with incident myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as all-cause and cause specific mortality. We estimated long-term residential air pollution exposure for more than 100,000 participants in the California Teachers Study, a prospective cohort of female public school professionals.We linked geocoded residential addresses with inverse distance-weighted monthly pollutant surfaces for two measures of particulate matter and for several gaseous pollutants. We examined associations between exposure to these pollutants and risks of incident myocardial infarction and stroke, and of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, using Cox proportional hazards models. We found elevated hazard ratios linking long-term exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), scaled to an increment of 10 μg/m3 with mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) (1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.41) and, particularly among postmenopausal women, incident stroke (1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38). Long-term exposure to particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) was associated with elevated risks for IHD mortality (1.06; 95% CI, 0.99-1.14) and incident stroke (1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.13), while exposure to nitrogen oxides was associated with elevated risks for IHD and all cardiovascular mortality. This study provides evidence linking long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 with increased risks of incident stroke as well as IHD mortality; exposure to nitrogen oxides was also related to death from cardiovascular diseases.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part a, 2003
... Auteur(s) / Author(s). JERRETT Michael (1) ; BURNETT Richard T. (2) ; GOLDBERG Mark S. (3) ; ... more ... Auteur(s) / Author(s). JERRETT Michael (1) ; BURNETT Richard T. (2) ; GOLDBERG Mark S. (3) ; SEARS Malcolm (1) ; KREWSKI Daniel (2) ; CATALAN Rachel (4) ; KANAROGLOU Pavlos (1) ; GIOVIS Chris (1) ; FINKELSTEIN Norm (1) ; ...
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015
Physical inactivity is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Active transportation su... more Physical inactivity is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Active transportation such as bicycling may increase physical activity levels. It is currently uncertain whether a shift from motorized transport modes to bicycle commuting leads to increased physical activity overall or substitutes other forms of physical activity. The study aims to disentangle whether bicycle commuting adds to or replaces other physical activities by comparing the physical activity performed by bicycle and motorized commuters. Physical activity, travel behavior, health status, sociodemographic, and built environment characteristics were assessed for 752 adults, between June 2011 and May 2012, in Barcelona, Spain. Statistical analyses, performed in 2013-2014, included linear, non-linear, and mixture models to estimate disparities and the dose-response relationship between physical activity duration and commute mode. Regular bicycle commuters traveled by bicycle an average of 3.1 (SD=2.5) hours in the previous week. Bicycle commuting contributed positively to physical activity duration across participants (p<0.05). It amounted to 2.1 (95% CI=0.84, 3.55) hours/week extra of physical activity for bicycle commuters versus motorized commuters. Among bicycle travelers, there was a positive dose-response relationship between bicycle commuting and physical activity duration, with an average extra physical activity duration of 0.5 (95% CI=0.4, 0.6) hours/week for every additional 1 hour/week of bicycle commuting. Bicycle commuting likely adds to overall physical activity. The extra physical activity performed by bicycle commuters is undertaken as moderate physical activity and follows a sigmoidal dose-response relationship with bicycle duration.
Environmental Research, 2015
Conducting vulnerability assessments is one of the key tools for adaptation for climate change. Q... more Conducting vulnerability assessments is one of the key tools for adaptation for climate change. Quantitative indicators of population vulnerability screening are needed to guide policy makers in planning efforts to address climate change impacts. California has proceeded in implementing cap and trade as a regulatory method to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Decision-makers need to determine whether there are ways to target GHG mitigation schemes in ways that maximize community-level health benefits from co-pollutant reductions and minimize the likelihood that market-based approaches produce or exacerbate disparities in health benefits. We utilized an existing environmental justice screening method and targeted it for two areas in California which are likely to experience climate change impacts, Fresno and Los Angeles counties. This method maps cumulative impacts and vulnerability to air pollution and models the locations of pollutant sources as well as vulnerable population...
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Journal Articles by Michael Jerrett
Papers by Michael Jerrett