Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree... more Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree of self-monitoring and his or her memory for information about an observed other. In the present study this self-monitoring-memory correlation was undermined by subsequently exposing subjects to leading questions. This reduced self-monitoring-memory correlation resulted from the greater susceptibility of high- (relative to low-) self-monitoring individuals to the leading questions. Additional data indicated that the memorial advantage of high self-monitoring may be limited to specific kinds of information. It is concluded that high-self-monitoring individuals may make better eyewitnesses than low-self-monitoring individuals only under certain conditions.
This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained f... more This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained from a diverse sample of 292 consumers. Topics from two broad categories of advertising practices are investigated: targeting practices and message strategies. For each topic, ...
... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibi... more ... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibility was a necessary component of the process of holding people accountable for their conduct, whereas accountability explicitly involves responsibility and evaluator-audiences who ...
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communi... more This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communication scholarship. The review is organized around the key players, including news organizations, reporters, science information professionals, scientists, and audiences. Also reviewed is the problem of science communication, which may be partly responsible for widespread science illiteracy. Ways of improving the practice of science communication and an agenda for future research are offered.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care pro... more The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care providers to cleanse their hands in the patients' presence for each examination. This study investigates the utility of the recommendation in light of potential challenges stemming from norms in the provider-patient relationship. In addition, we investigate the role of individual differences that may make such a discussion especially difficult (e.g., interaction anxiety) or seem inappropriate (e.g., authoritarianism). We also seek to identify how well-known predictors of behavioral intentions (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, efficacy, outcome benefits and costs) affect intentions to perform this specific behavior. In total, 250 hospitalized, postsurgical patients were asked about their own likelihood of following the CDC recommendation. They were also asked to view and respond to video depictions of a doctor and patient interaction that varied the presence of a patient request and a doctor's cleansing. Results of the study suggest the CDC recommendation, without additional considerations, is unlikely to reduce dangers posed by health care worker transmission of infectious disease.
thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfun... more thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfunctional behaviors / when people confront threats to identity, as when they anticipate or experience failures, they increasingly attempt to change the timing, terms, and outcomes of their accountability present a model of accountability and try to establish its relevance for clinical symptomology / examine how people arrange their environments so as to control, as best as possible, the timing, terms, and outcomes of accountability in order to preserve desired identities (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identifi... more with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identification / we consider the nature and implications of self-identification as a goal-directed activity in its own right and as a component of other goal-directed social behaviors the nature of self-identification / desirable images / "active" and "passive" self-identification context / person, situation, and audience identity images (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analy... more ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analysis. Endogenous variables are dispositional tendencies toward risk, knowledge of computers, product price, ad artwork, and information provided. Attitude toward the ad, brand attractiveness, brand value, and purchase riskiness are treated as mediating variables of purchase consideration. Results suggest information has important indirect and direct effects. Other variables, such as risk tendencies and purchase riskiness, appear to contribute little to our understanding of purchase consideration.
Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree... more Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree of self-monitoring and his or her memory for information about an observed other. In the present study this self-monitoring-memory correlation was undermined by subsequently exposing subjects to leading questions. This reduced self-monitoring-memory correlation resulted from the greater susceptibility of high- (relative to low-) self-monitoring individuals to the leading questions. Additional data indicated that the memorial advantage of high self-monitoring may be limited to specific kinds of information. It is concluded that high-self-monitoring individuals may make better eyewitnesses than low-self-monitoring individuals only under certain conditions.
This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained f... more This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained from a diverse sample of 292 consumers. Topics from two broad categories of advertising practices are investigated: targeting practices and message strategies. For each topic, ...
... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibi... more ... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibility was a necessary component of the process of holding people accountable for their conduct, whereas accountability explicitly involves responsibility and evaluator-audiences who ...
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communi... more This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communication scholarship. The review is organized around the key players, including news organizations, reporters, science information professionals, scientists, and audiences. Also reviewed is the problem of science communication, which may be partly responsible for widespread science illiteracy. Ways of improving the practice of science communication and an agenda for future research are offered.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care pro... more The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care providers to cleanse their hands in the patients' presence for each examination. This study investigates the utility of the recommendation in light of potential challenges stemming from norms in the provider-patient relationship. In addition, we investigate the role of individual differences that may make such a discussion especially difficult (e.g., interaction anxiety) or seem inappropriate (e.g., authoritarianism). We also seek to identify how well-known predictors of behavioral intentions (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, efficacy, outcome benefits and costs) affect intentions to perform this specific behavior. In total, 250 hospitalized, postsurgical patients were asked about their own likelihood of following the CDC recommendation. They were also asked to view and respond to video depictions of a doctor and patient interaction that varied the presence of a patient request and a doctor's cleansing. Results of the study suggest the CDC recommendation, without additional considerations, is unlikely to reduce dangers posed by health care worker transmission of infectious disease.
thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfun... more thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfunctional behaviors / when people confront threats to identity, as when they anticipate or experience failures, they increasingly attempt to change the timing, terms, and outcomes of their accountability present a model of accountability and try to establish its relevance for clinical symptomology / examine how people arrange their environments so as to control, as best as possible, the timing, terms, and outcomes of accountability in order to preserve desired identities (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identifi... more with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identification / we consider the nature and implications of self-identification as a goal-directed activity in its own right and as a component of other goal-directed social behaviors the nature of self-identification / desirable images / "active" and "passive" self-identification context / person, situation, and audience identity images (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analy... more ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analysis. Endogenous variables are dispositional tendencies toward risk, knowledge of computers, product price, ad artwork, and information provided. Attitude toward the ad, brand attractiveness, brand value, and purchase riskiness are treated as mediating variables of purchase consideration. Results suggest information has important indirect and direct effects. Other variables, such as risk tendencies and purchase riskiness, appear to contribute little to our understanding of purchase consideration.
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