The metabolic fate of high doses of B a P is not fully established. To fill this important data n... more The metabolic fate of high doses of B a P is not fully established. To fill this important data need, a comprehensive metabolism, bioavailability, and toxicokinetic study has been undertaken to track the fate of B a P subsequent to single acute exposures. Doses of 100 mg/kg body weight, 0.1 mg/m 3 (equivalent to 19 mg/kg oral dose), and 4.5
We investigate the role of heterogeneous expression of IP3R and RyR in generating diverse element... more We investigate the role of heterogeneous expression of IP3R and RyR in generating diverse elementary Ca2+ signals. It has been shown empirically (Wojcikiewicz and Luo in Mol. Pharmacol. 53(4):656-662, 1998; Newton et al. in J. Biol. Chem. 269(46):28613-28619, 1994; Smedt et al. in Biochem. J. 322(Pt. 2):575-583, 1997) that tissues express various proportions of IP3 and RyR isoforms and this expression is dynamically regulated (Parrington et al. in Dev. Biol. 203(2):451-461, 1998; Fissore et al. in Biol. Reprod. 60(1):49-57, 1999; Tovey et al. in J. Cell Sci. 114(Pt. 22):3979-3989, 2001). Although many previous theoretical studies have investigated the dynamics of localized calcium release sites (Swillens et al. in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96(24):13750-13755, 1999; Shuai and Jung in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(2):506-510, 2003a; Shuai and Jung in Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 67(3 Pt. 1):031905, 2003b; Thul and Falcke in Biophys. J. 86(5):2660-2673, 2004; DeRemigio and Smith in Cell Calcium 38(2):73-86, 2005; Nguyen et al. in Bull. Math. Biol. 67(3):393-432, 2005), so far all such studies focused on release sites consisting of identical channel types. We have extended an existing mathematical model (Nguyen et al. in Bull. Math. Biol. 67(3):393-432, 2005) to release sites with two (or more) receptor types, each with its distinct channel kinetics. Mathematically, the release site is represented by a transition probability matrix for a collection of nonidentical stochastically gating channels coupled through a shared Ca2+ domain. We demonstrate that under certain conditions a previously defined mean-field approximation of the coupling strength does not accurately reproduce the release site dynamics. We develop a novel approximation and establish that its performance in these instances is superior. We use this mathematical framework to study the effect of heterogeneity in the Ca2+-regulation of two colocalized channel types on the release site dynamics. We consider release sites consisting of channels with both Ca2+-activation and inactivation ("four-state channels") and channels with Ca2+-activation only ("two-state channels") and show that for the appropriate parameter values, synchronous channel openings within a release site with any proportion of two-state to four-state channels are possible, however, the larger the proportion of two-state channels, the more sensitive the dynamics are to the exact spatial positioning of the channels and the distance between channels. Specifically, the clustering of even a small number of two-state channels interferes with puff/spark termination and increases puff durations or leads to a tonic response.
American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sep 1, 1983
We report for the first time the presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the uteri of ad... more We report for the first time the presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the uteri of adult rats. This uterine LPL activity was significantly elevated by administration of the estrogen, estradiol benzoate (EB), but not by treatment with the antiestrogen, nafoxidine. Both EB and nafoxidine, however, greatly reduce both parametrial and retroperitoneal adipose tissue LPL activities. Uterine LPL activity also changed as a function of the duration of pregnancy, increasing severalfold between days 14 and 18 and then decreasing by about 20% on day 21. These data suggest the existence of a hormone-dependent system of providing lipids for storage and/or utilization by metabolic and reproductive tissues as needed.
... reviewers, and the diligent oversight of the National Research Council monitor, John Bailar a... more ... reviewers, and the diligent oversight of the National Research Council monitor, John Bailar and the coordinator, Robert Cous-ins. ... Ably assisting Dr. Oria in her efforts were Program AssociateSandra Amamoo-Kakra and Research Associates Shannon Wisham and Alice ...
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015
The purpose of this study was to examine whether short-term ingestion of a powdered tart cherry s... more The purpose of this study was to examine whether short-term ingestion of a powdered tart cherry supplement prior to and following intense resistance-exercise attenuates muscle soreness and recovery strength loss, while reducing markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Twenty-three healthy, resistance-trained men (20.9 ± 2.6 yr, 14.2 ± 5.4 % body fat, 63.9 ± 8.6 kg FFM) were matched based on relative maximal back squat strength, age, body weight, and fat free mass. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest, in a double blind manner, capsules containing a placebo (P, n = 12) or powdered tart cherries [CherryPURE(®)] (TC, n = 11). Participants supplemented one time daily (480 mg/d) for 10-d including day of exercise up to 48-h post-exercise. Subjects performed ten sets of ten repetitions at 70 % of a 1-RM back squat exercise. Fasting blood samples, isokinetic MVCs, and quadriceps muscle soreness ratings were taken pre-lift, 60-min, 24-h, and 48-h post-lift and anal...
To examine the effect of protein-focused (PRO, 1.14 g/kg/day) and carbohydrate-focused (CHO, ∼2.2... more To examine the effect of protein-focused (PRO, 1.14 g/kg/day) and carbohydrate-focused (CHO, ∼2.2 g/kg/day) diets (∼1600 kcals) combined with 10 weeks of circuit exercise training in sedentary overweight/obese women (N = 661, age 46 ± 11 years) on metabolic syndrome (MetS). We retrospectively analyzed eight exercise training studies performed from 2002-2014. Primary (MetS), secondary (MetS z-scores and individual MetS components), and tertiary outcomes [body mass index (BMI) by WHO cut points] were analyzed using chi-square, GLM, and McNemar's tests. Both groups experienced significant weight loss, improvements in fitness, and reductions in MetS prevalence from baseline to follow-up (PRO: 49% to 42%, CHO: 42% to 36%, both P < 0.01). MetS z-score improvement (∼66.5%) was similar for both groups with no significant between-group differences noted. There were also no significant differences for individual component features between groups for the following: waist circumference (-0.28 ± 0.02 vs. -0.28 ± 0.025 cm, P = 0.97), glucose (-0.07 ± 0.03 vs. -0.08 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.87), triglycerides (-0.16 ± 0.04 vs. -0.09 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.20), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.21 ± 0.03 vs. -0.19 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.68), and systolic BP (-0.16 ± 0.4 vs. -0.24 ± 0.05 mmHg, P = 0.26). Diastolic BP showed a minor advantage for the PRO group (-0.14 ± 0.05 vs. -0.30 ± 0.05 mmHg P = 0.02). When stratified by BMI, those with morbid obesity did not show a significant improvement in MetS while following a PRO-focused diet; however, caution is warranted given the exploratory nature of this analysis. Our findings suggest that a low-moderate calorie diet partitioned for CHO and PRO preference is equally effective when combined with a structured exercise program for reducing the prevalence of MetS prevalence in overweight/obese women.
Twenty-two healthy men and women (96±22 kg, 43±10 % fat) participated in a pilot study to examine... more Twenty-two healthy men and women (96±22 kg, 43±10 % fat) participated in a pilot study to examine the effects of supplementing their diet with a non-ephedra containing thermogenic supplement on weight loss. In a double blind and randomized manner, 11 subjects ingested a placebo (P) or Super CitriMax® (SCM) providing 2,700 mg of HCA, 666 mg of green tea (300 mg EGCG), 600 mg of caffeine, 3 mg of L-carnitine, alpha lipoic acid, and white willow bark, and 900 mcg of chromium picolinate (n-11) per day for 8-wks. Body weight, body composition (BIA), fasting blood samples, and resting BP & ECG’s were obtained at 0, 4, & 8 weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Body mass non-significantly decreased in the SCM group (P= +0.1±0.8, SCM = -0.8±0.6 kg, p=0.36) with no significant differences observed in percent body fat. SCM supplementation significantly increased WBC (p=0.01) and tended to increase Hgb (p=0.11) and MCHgb (p=0.13) while decreasing TBil (p=0.06)...
The metabolic fate of high doses of B a P is not fully established. To fill this important data n... more The metabolic fate of high doses of B a P is not fully established. To fill this important data need, a comprehensive metabolism, bioavailability, and toxicokinetic study has been undertaken to track the fate of B a P subsequent to single acute exposures. Doses of 100 mg/kg body weight, 0.1 mg/m 3 (equivalent to 19 mg/kg oral dose), and 4.5
We investigate the role of heterogeneous expression of IP3R and RyR in generating diverse element... more We investigate the role of heterogeneous expression of IP3R and RyR in generating diverse elementary Ca2+ signals. It has been shown empirically (Wojcikiewicz and Luo in Mol. Pharmacol. 53(4):656-662, 1998; Newton et al. in J. Biol. Chem. 269(46):28613-28619, 1994; Smedt et al. in Biochem. J. 322(Pt. 2):575-583, 1997) that tissues express various proportions of IP3 and RyR isoforms and this expression is dynamically regulated (Parrington et al. in Dev. Biol. 203(2):451-461, 1998; Fissore et al. in Biol. Reprod. 60(1):49-57, 1999; Tovey et al. in J. Cell Sci. 114(Pt. 22):3979-3989, 2001). Although many previous theoretical studies have investigated the dynamics of localized calcium release sites (Swillens et al. in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96(24):13750-13755, 1999; Shuai and Jung in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(2):506-510, 2003a; Shuai and Jung in Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 67(3 Pt. 1):031905, 2003b; Thul and Falcke in Biophys. J. 86(5):2660-2673, 2004; DeRemigio and Smith in Cell Calcium 38(2):73-86, 2005; Nguyen et al. in Bull. Math. Biol. 67(3):393-432, 2005), so far all such studies focused on release sites consisting of identical channel types. We have extended an existing mathematical model (Nguyen et al. in Bull. Math. Biol. 67(3):393-432, 2005) to release sites with two (or more) receptor types, each with its distinct channel kinetics. Mathematically, the release site is represented by a transition probability matrix for a collection of nonidentical stochastically gating channels coupled through a shared Ca2+ domain. We demonstrate that under certain conditions a previously defined mean-field approximation of the coupling strength does not accurately reproduce the release site dynamics. We develop a novel approximation and establish that its performance in these instances is superior. We use this mathematical framework to study the effect of heterogeneity in the Ca2+-regulation of two colocalized channel types on the release site dynamics. We consider release sites consisting of channels with both Ca2+-activation and inactivation ("four-state channels") and channels with Ca2+-activation only ("two-state channels") and show that for the appropriate parameter values, synchronous channel openings within a release site with any proportion of two-state to four-state channels are possible, however, the larger the proportion of two-state channels, the more sensitive the dynamics are to the exact spatial positioning of the channels and the distance between channels. Specifically, the clustering of even a small number of two-state channels interferes with puff/spark termination and increases puff durations or leads to a tonic response.
American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sep 1, 1983
We report for the first time the presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the uteri of ad... more We report for the first time the presence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the uteri of adult rats. This uterine LPL activity was significantly elevated by administration of the estrogen, estradiol benzoate (EB), but not by treatment with the antiestrogen, nafoxidine. Both EB and nafoxidine, however, greatly reduce both parametrial and retroperitoneal adipose tissue LPL activities. Uterine LPL activity also changed as a function of the duration of pregnancy, increasing severalfold between days 14 and 18 and then decreasing by about 20% on day 21. These data suggest the existence of a hormone-dependent system of providing lipids for storage and/or utilization by metabolic and reproductive tissues as needed.
... reviewers, and the diligent oversight of the National Research Council monitor, John Bailar a... more ... reviewers, and the diligent oversight of the National Research Council monitor, John Bailar and the coordinator, Robert Cous-ins. ... Ably assisting Dr. Oria in her efforts were Program AssociateSandra Amamoo-Kakra and Research Associates Shannon Wisham and Alice ...
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015
The purpose of this study was to examine whether short-term ingestion of a powdered tart cherry s... more The purpose of this study was to examine whether short-term ingestion of a powdered tart cherry supplement prior to and following intense resistance-exercise attenuates muscle soreness and recovery strength loss, while reducing markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Twenty-three healthy, resistance-trained men (20.9 ± 2.6 yr, 14.2 ± 5.4 % body fat, 63.9 ± 8.6 kg FFM) were matched based on relative maximal back squat strength, age, body weight, and fat free mass. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest, in a double blind manner, capsules containing a placebo (P, n = 12) or powdered tart cherries [CherryPURE(®)] (TC, n = 11). Participants supplemented one time daily (480 mg/d) for 10-d including day of exercise up to 48-h post-exercise. Subjects performed ten sets of ten repetitions at 70 % of a 1-RM back squat exercise. Fasting blood samples, isokinetic MVCs, and quadriceps muscle soreness ratings were taken pre-lift, 60-min, 24-h, and 48-h post-lift and anal...
To examine the effect of protein-focused (PRO, 1.14 g/kg/day) and carbohydrate-focused (CHO, ∼2.2... more To examine the effect of protein-focused (PRO, 1.14 g/kg/day) and carbohydrate-focused (CHO, ∼2.2 g/kg/day) diets (∼1600 kcals) combined with 10 weeks of circuit exercise training in sedentary overweight/obese women (N = 661, age 46 ± 11 years) on metabolic syndrome (MetS). We retrospectively analyzed eight exercise training studies performed from 2002-2014. Primary (MetS), secondary (MetS z-scores and individual MetS components), and tertiary outcomes [body mass index (BMI) by WHO cut points] were analyzed using chi-square, GLM, and McNemar's tests. Both groups experienced significant weight loss, improvements in fitness, and reductions in MetS prevalence from baseline to follow-up (PRO: 49% to 42%, CHO: 42% to 36%, both P < 0.01). MetS z-score improvement (∼66.5%) was similar for both groups with no significant between-group differences noted. There were also no significant differences for individual component features between groups for the following: waist circumference (-0.28 ± 0.02 vs. -0.28 ± 0.025 cm, P = 0.97), glucose (-0.07 ± 0.03 vs. -0.08 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.87), triglycerides (-0.16 ± 0.04 vs. -0.09 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.20), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.21 ± 0.03 vs. -0.19 ± 0.04 mM, P = 0.68), and systolic BP (-0.16 ± 0.4 vs. -0.24 ± 0.05 mmHg, P = 0.26). Diastolic BP showed a minor advantage for the PRO group (-0.14 ± 0.05 vs. -0.30 ± 0.05 mmHg P = 0.02). When stratified by BMI, those with morbid obesity did not show a significant improvement in MetS while following a PRO-focused diet; however, caution is warranted given the exploratory nature of this analysis. Our findings suggest that a low-moderate calorie diet partitioned for CHO and PRO preference is equally effective when combined with a structured exercise program for reducing the prevalence of MetS prevalence in overweight/obese women.
Twenty-two healthy men and women (96±22 kg, 43±10 % fat) participated in a pilot study to examine... more Twenty-two healthy men and women (96±22 kg, 43±10 % fat) participated in a pilot study to examine the effects of supplementing their diet with a non-ephedra containing thermogenic supplement on weight loss. In a double blind and randomized manner, 11 subjects ingested a placebo (P) or Super CitriMax® (SCM) providing 2,700 mg of HCA, 666 mg of green tea (300 mg EGCG), 600 mg of caffeine, 3 mg of L-carnitine, alpha lipoic acid, and white willow bark, and 900 mcg of chromium picolinate (n-11) per day for 8-wks. Body weight, body composition (BIA), fasting blood samples, and resting BP & ECG’s were obtained at 0, 4, & 8 weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Body mass non-significantly decreased in the SCM group (P= +0.1±0.8, SCM = -0.8±0.6 kg, p=0.36) with no significant differences observed in percent body fat. SCM supplementation significantly increased WBC (p=0.01) and tended to increase Hgb (p=0.11) and MCHgb (p=0.13) while decreasing TBil (p=0.06)...
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